This is a few powerpoints during our problem presentation on our Research class :) I shared this here so that I could post a link to the powerpoints we made on our blog.

1. GARLIC-CHILI-ONION
SPRAY AS ALL
PURPOSE NATURAL
GARDEN PESTICIDE

2. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Human consumption has been mainly based on
agriculture, fisheries and farms. In the country,
the staple food known as rice has been the
product of agriculture since time immemorial.
The word agriculture comes from the Latin word
"ager cultura'" which means cultivation of the
fields. Agriculture is a special type of production
that generally involves cultivating plants and
raising animals. Its scope has since been
expanded to include fishery and forestry. The
discovery of agriculture in 6000 B.C. had made
a major impact on the development of
civilization. Before the discovery of agriculture,
people subsisted by foraging for food.)

3. They hunted, fished, and gathered for food
wherever they could come across for these.
They moved from place to place where they
could easily find food. As population increased,
hunting, gathering, and simple fishing became
more difficult. To ensure food supply for the
family, the nomads had discovered that they
could cultivate crops and domesticate animals.
They needed not to move from place to place
but to set up a permanent community to
cultivate a permanent area. They no longer had
to worry what to eat and where to find food. This
ended their nomadic life and signaled the
beginning of civilization. (The Importance of
Agriculture to the Philippine Economy, 2011

4. For decades, agriculture has been associated with
production of essential food crops. At present,
agriculture above and beyond farming includes
forestry, dairy, fruit cultivation, poultry, bee keeping,
mushroom, arbitrary, etc. Today, processing,
marketing and distribution of crops and livestock
products etc. are all acknowledged as part of current
agriculture. Thus, agriculture could be referred to as
the production, processing, promotion and distribution
agricultural products. Agriculture plays a critical role
in the entire life of a given economy. Agriculture is the
backbone of economic system of a given country.

5. In addition to providing food and raw material,
agriculture also provides employment
opportunities to very large percentage of
population since the main source livelihood of
many people is agriculture. Approximately 70 %
of the people directly rely on agriculture as a
mean of living. Agricultural sector provides fodder
for domestic animals .Cow provides people with
milk which is a form of protective food. Moreover,
livestock also meets people’s food requirements.
The main source of raw materials to major
industries such as cotton and jute fabric, sugar,
tobacco, edible as well as non-edible oils is
agriculture. Moreover, many other industries such
as processing of fruits as well as vegetables and
rice husking get their raw material mainly from
agriculture. (Agriculture Goods, 2013)

6. However, ever since the start, agriculture has
been facing its mortal enemy which are the
pests and plant diseases. For decades,
crops continuously get affected because of
these plant diseases and pests which lead to
lower yield of harvest and lower income. As a
result, if enough crops have been damaged,
the farmers call that harvest as a FAILURE,
affecting not only the consumers but also the
farmers and the country themselves. With
regards to this, mankind has given its most
common solution against these pests which
gave birth to the PESTICIDES.

7. However, some people are making
homemade natural garden pesticides
made from common household
materials such as soap, baking soda
and some spices we use in cooking.
According to the comments in the
websites where the process in making
these insecticides were posted, they
actually find this kind of pesticide
effective in killing and keeping out
common pests and insects in the
garden.

8. Pesticides can be grouped in a number of different
ways based on their active ingredients and how
they work such as synthetic pesticides, organic
pesticides, inorganic pesticides and biorational
pesticides. Synthetic pesticides, for
example carbaryl (Sevin), fipronil
(Termidor) and imidacloprid (Merit, Bayer
Advanced), are manufactured in a laboratory and
marketed/sold by a chemical company. Synthetic
pesticides have been widely used since the end of
World War II. During the last 60 years new
synthetic pesticides have become more pest
specific, exhibit lower toxicity and are less
environmentally damaging. While synthetic
pesticides have contributed to an abundant and cheap

9. Organic pesticides, for
example rotenone, pyrethrum,
nicotine, neem oil, and all of
the botanical pesticides are products of
living organisms. Often they are
chemicals that plants and microbes use
to protect themselves from parasites,
predators and pathogens. Organic
pesticides are often lower in toxicity
than older synthetic pesticides but this
is not always the case. Organic does
not necessarily equal low toxicity and

10. Inorganic pesticides, for example
borates, silicates and sulfur,
are minerals that are mined from
the earth and ground into a fine
powder. Some work as poisons and
some work by physically interfering
with the pest. Older "inorganics"
included such highly toxic
compounds as arsenic, copper, lead
and tin salts.

11. Natural pesticides are pesticides that are made
by other organisms usually for their own
defense, or are derived from a natural source
such as a mineral or plant.. There are now
many natural pesticides available to
homeowners and gardeners that cover most
pest control needs. Natural pesticides are
generally much safer to use and pose less risk
to the environment than conventional synthetic
(man-made) pesticides. While some natural
pesticides are highly toxic most are
actually much saferand more eco-friendly than
conventional pesticides. Since they are also
very effective natural pesticides should your first
choice for most home and garden pest control
needs. (Living with Bugs, 2004)

12. Pesticides are either restricted or unclassified.
Restricted means it can cause harm to humans
or the environment. Unclassified refers to all
other pesticides. Pesticides are made up of
active and inert ingredients. There are
certain labeling requirements for the commercial
distribution of products that used agricultural
pesticides. The active ones are those which do
the damage to the pest, federal law mandates
that these ingredients be clearly labeled on the
packaging. Inert ingredients are not required to
be labeled as they do not cause harm, they are
usually present as a solvent in the solution.
(inert ingredients are not necessarily non-toxic).
All pesticides must be registered with the EPA
before they can be sold or distributed.

13. There are many tests and requirements
concerning the potential effects of the
pesticides in order to be approved.
Pesticides can be incredibly beneficial and
have most certainly increased food
production. They were of great importance in
saving the United States' potato crops during
the 1940's from insect and fungal pests, as
well as controlling the boll weevil in El
Salvador in 1953 (Monosson, 1). Yet many
times their detrimental effects outweigh the
positive ones. Pesticides can be extremely
hazardous to the human body and other
living organisms, as they are designed to be
a poison.

14. Pesticides can be transported to humans or
other organisms in a variety of ways. It is near
to impossible for the pesticide to only affect its
targeted crop. Wind is one transportation
method. The wind picks up the pesticides and
can blow them onto other farms or into rivers. It
can be absorbed into the soil and then taken up
by other organisms or can contaminate the
surface and groundwater that run over/through
it. Pesticides are then absorbed by the plants
which is detrimental to the growth of the plants.
That which is not absorbed usually remains on
the surface and flows into streams as surface
runoff. It is dissolved into the water and then can
be taken in by plants and animals. The streams
would then be considered a reservoir of
pesticides with a relatively high abundance
level.

15. Pesticides frequently enter the world's
surface and groundwater through either
point source (direct locations where
excess pesticides spill, or non-point
sources, where the pesticides enter the
streams through wind flow, precipitation,
runoff, and leaching. These pesticides
can accumulate in a surface water
source such as a lake, stream, or pond,
they can also leach down and become
integrated into the groundwater
reserves such as reservoirs.

16. Pesticides enter the food chain through
the direct application of the substance
to the plants themselves by humans.
Once they are absorbed by the plants or
animals which eat the plants they
become residue. There are maximum
residue levels for crops and animals.
They can also be taken in when an
organism takes in the water which
contains the runoff and dissolved
pesticides. This can be further extended
to the human who eats the fish.

17. An easier way for humans to ingest
pesticides is directly through
contaminated drinking water from
those polluted streams. An
estimated 2.2 million people are at
risk due to exposure from
agricultural pesticides, with the
majority of this population being
locating in developing nations.
(Agricultural Pesticides and Human