1) The document discusses different types of measurement scales including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. 2) Each scale has unique properties - nominal scales classify data into categories without order, ordinal scales rank data, interval scales have equal units but no true zero, and ratio scales have a true zero point. 3) The appropriate statistical analysis depends on the level of measurement as nominal scales can only be categorized while ratio scales allow for all mathematical operations.

1. Dr. Roma Smart Joseph
Teacher Educator, Lucknow, UP

2. 
Measurement –Meaning
Scales of measurement
Properties of scale
Different types of scales
INDEX

3. 
It is the assignment of a number
to a characteristic of an object or
event which can be compared to
other objects or events.
It is the action of measuring
something.
Measurement

5. 
 It is a classification that describes the
nature of information within the values
assigned to variables.
 Measurement scales are used to
categorize and quantify variables.
 These scales were developed by the
psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens in
1946.
Scales or Levels of
measurement

7. 
 Stevens (1946,1951 ) proposed that measurements
can be classified into 4 different types of scales .
These were :
NOMINAL
ORDINAL
INTERVAL
RATIO
Theory of Scale types

9. 
Identity: each value on the measurement
scale has a unique meaning.
Magnitude: Values on measurement scales
have a ordered relationships to one another.
Equal intervals: scale units along the
scale are equal to one another.
 A minimum value of zero: the scale has
true zero point, below which no value exists
PROPERTIES OF
SCALES

11. 
Nominal variables can be placed into
categories.
 They don’t have a numeric value so they
cannot be added, subtracted, multiplied,
divided.
 They also have no order.eg.-gender,
nationality ,language etc.
 Least precise
 Qualitative classification
Nominal scale

12.  It contains things that can be placed in order.
For example hottest to coldest ,lightest to heaviest,
richest to poorest etc.
basically if we can rank data by 1st ,2nd ,3rd place
and so on ,then the data is on an ordinal scale.
 Units along the scale is not equal in size.
 It can be used in a school in the case of prize
distribution.
Ordinal scale

13. 
 It is more precise and refined than
nominal and ordinal scale.
 It has equal units of distribution.
 It doesn’t possess a true zero.
 It has ordered numbers with meaningful
divisions.
 Fahrenheit and centigrade thermometers
are example of this scale.
Interval scale

14. 
 The ratio scale is exactly the same as interval
scale with one major difference: zero is
meaningful
 It is the most refined among all scales.
 It has an absolute zero point (complete absence
of phenomena being measured)
 It is used for physical sciences. For e.g.-
temperature in kelvin , heart beats per min etc.
 Highest level of measurement
Ratio scale

16. 
Measurement scales help us to
determine the appropriate
statistical procedure for analysing
particular data and drawing
conclusions from that data.
Each type of measurement scale
has a specific use.
Conclusion

17. 
 Books :1 . Measurement: Its concepts, theories and
problems – Karel Berka
 URL:
 1. www.cliffsnotes.com
 2. www.statistichowto.com
 3. www.mnestudies.com
Retrieved on 2/9/18
Bibliography

18. romasmart17@gmail.com