SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 26
LANGUAGE
REPRESENTATIONS
A Classification Based on a Multilingual Empirical Approach.




Petra Daryai-Hansen, Ph.D.
Roskilde University, Denmark
What is the most beautiful/ugly language in the World?

”Beautiful: I'd say it's between the Spanish and French
languages, although Italian has a subtle beauty and
Portuguese has lovely romantic tones as well.

Ugly: Definitely German, Russian is very harsh as well.
Japanese is just too much, too maniac like. Danish is
horrible as well.”



SummerRain, Forum Member 08-02-2010, 19:56

http://forums.digitalspy.co.uk/showthread.php?s=ef4bdc67785ea28003a236ff76d24ca0&t=1213673
Language representations – a definition

language attitude research, social psychology, ethnodia-
 lectologyy, linguistic anthropology in the Chicago tradition

• Hall’s (1997, 25) constructivistic definition: ”[…] things
 don’t mean: we construct meaning, using representational
 systems.”

• Bourdieu (1982:135): ”[…]       sentations
 mentales, c’est- -dire d’actes de perception et
         ciation, […] où les agents investissent leurs
      ̂ts et leurs            s”
Language hierarchisations in Denmark

”Engelsk har en vældig høj status […]. Dansk har [...]
naturligvis også en høj status […]. Efter engelsk og dansk
kommer de øvrige fremmedsprog som der er udstrakt
undervisning i: tysk, fransk, spansk m.v., og til sidst
kommer indvandrersprog som tyrkisk, arabisk, […]
mandarin m.v.” (Lund/Risager 2001, 6)

Risager (2005): three levels
Initial research questions


• Can Lund/Risager and Risager’s language hierarchy be
 empirically substantiated?

• Are there internal hierarchisations? (Calvet 1987, 75)


• Are these trends particular to Denmark or are such
 hierarchisations also manifest in other European
 countries?
Project design

• comparison between Denmark and Germany
• representation of foreign languages
• framework of official language and educational policies
• documents: 2003-2008




• 1,940 Danish language representations
• 1,154 German language representations
Comparative critical discourse analysis
         (Jäger 2001, Niehr 2002)


              language policies
             language ideology




                                 sociology of
sociolinguistics
                                  language
Language hierarchisations (Risager 2005)

               Inclusive practice
               (a) + language choice
               (b) + language representation
   Practices




               Exclusive practice
               (a) - language choice
               (ba) - language representation

               (bb) 0 language representation
Bourdieu’s linguistic market


                       Legitimate languages
  Linguistic capital



                       Languages with positive distinction value




                       Illegitimate languages
                       Languages with negative distinction value
Dualism

               Languages with positive market value
               Inclusion – Promotion
                    + language choice
                    + language representation
   Practices




               Languages with negative market value
               Exclusion – Discrimination
                    - language choice
                    - language representation
                    0 language representation
Convergence and divergence


               Inclusive and exclusive practice
               (a) + language choice
               (b) - language representation
   Practices




               Exclusive and inclusive practice
               (a) - language choice
               (b) + language representation
Theoretisation of language hierarchisation:
Language representation and language choice


    M a c r o-    a n d    m i c r o c o n t e x t


            Levels of inclusion and exclusion
            absolute                  relative

  SUBJECT                                        RECIPIENT

               OBJECT:   What languages?
               PRACTICE: How?
The multilingual basis:
The object and practice of the representation

 Immigrant languages:
 • German discourse: ”Familiensprache“, ”Mehrsprachigkeit“
 • Danish discourse: “ikke dansk som
   modersmål“, ”tosprogethed“

 English:
 • German discourse: ”Einsprachenregime“, ”sprachliche
   Monokultur“
 • Danish discourse: ”fremmedsprog”, ”parallelsproglighed“
Inclusive and exclusive representational forms


                     language promotion
                       language rivalry


                 language acknowledgment
  a n t i - e x clusiv e   l a n g u a g e   i n c l u s i o n


               subordinated language inclusion
   language discrimination
Other representational parameters




named                                 not named
linked to English                     not linked to English
linked to the present/future          linked to the past
linked to status/acquisition          linked to corpus

            specification of the representation
Language hierarchisations in the Danish discourse


                         English
                   English >< Danish




   Immigrant languages


                Antihegemonic discourse
Language hierarchisations in the German discourse


      Two European languages (+ others, receptive)
                   language diversity
                    English, French
                  English >< German



                  Immigrant languages
Discussion

Do language policy studies, which are based on a
concept of language recognition and
dehierarchisation, have a special responsibility for
researching multilingually?
Language choice on the textual level:
A plurilingual language policy

• Thesis written in Denmark – in German
• Primary sources: Danish data without translation
• Secondary sources: Danish, French and English
  research without translation
• Promotion of receptive plurilingualism outlined by
  European language policies
• Accepted by the PhD Committee and the German
  publisher
Bibliography
• Bourdieu, Pierre (1982). Ce que parler veut dire: l'économie des
    ĂŠchanges linguistiques. Paris: Fayard.
•   Calvet, Louis-Jean (1987). La guerre des langues et les politiques
    linguistiques, Paris: Payot.
•   Jäger, Siegfried (2001a). Kritische Diskursanalyse. Eine
    Einführung, Duisburg: Duisburger Institut für Sprach- und
    Sozialforschung.
•   Niehr, Thomas (2002). ”International vergleichende Diskurs- und
    Argumentationsanalyse. Vorstellung eines Forschungsprogramms.”
    EliSe, Essener Linguistische Skripte – elektronisch 2 (2002), 51-64.
•   Lund, Karen / Risager, Karen (2001). ”Dansk i midten”. Sprogforum 19
    (2001). København: Danmarks PÌdagogiske Universitetsforlag, 4-8.
•   Risager, Karen (2005). ”Sproglige eksklusionshierarkier – de hundrede
    sprogs betydning”. Fra Minoritetsstudiers værksted nr. 2. København:
    Københavns Universitet, 1-21.
•   Hall, Stuart (1997) (ed.). Representations. Cultural Representations and
Danish discourse                 German discourse
Sproglovgivning,     Redegørelse af 18/12 03          Grundgesetz, Artikel 3,
regering           om det danske sprog              Absatz 3
                     Sprog på spil – et ud-           Diskursfragmente der Bundes-
                   spil til en dansk sprogpolitik   regierung und des Bundestages

sprog-              Diskursfragmenter fra            Diskursfragmente fra
institutioner      Dansk SprognĂŚvn                  Deutscher Sprachrat

Skolevæsen,          Fremtidens Sprogfag –            Fremdsprachen in der
sprogfag           vinduer mod en større verden     Grundschule (KMK)
                     Almen sprogforståelse: lære-     Bericht ‘Konzepte für den
                   plan/undervisningsvejledning     bilingualen Unterricht’ (KMK)

Skolevæsen,          Bekendtgørelse om folke-         Empfehlung ‘Interkulturelle
indvandrersprog    skolens modersmĂĽlsunder-         Bildung und Erziehung in
                   visning                          der Schule’ (KMK)
                     Fælles Mål: Indvandrersprog      Bericht ‘Zuwanderung’ (KMK)
                     Organisering af folke-           Integration als Chance –
                   skolens undervisning af to-      gemeinsam fĂźr mehr
                   sprogede elever                  Chancengerechtigkeit (KMK)
The multilingual basis:
The practice of the representation

 How to define language promotion?

 1. Positive evaluations

 2. Representation as languages that are learned or
 should be learned

 3. Representation as languages that are promoted or
 should be promoted
Discourses as flows of knowledge throughout time
The structure of discourse

• Discourse (strands)
• Entanglements of discourse strands (discursive knot)
• Interdiscourse, special discourse (scientific)
• Discourse planes and sectors
• Discourse fragments, discourse elements
• History, present and future of discourse strands
• Discursive context, discursive events
• Discourse positions (counter-discourses)
• Overall societal discourse, global discourse
Simultaneous inclusion and exclusion

“Any language policy, be it monolingual or

multilingual, strategies of inclusion and exclusion
 of

languages go hand in hand. Language

hierarchizations can never be avoided altogether.”

(Risager 2012)

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
Kurt Kohn
 
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL ClassroomIntroduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Embajada de EE.UU. en el PerĂş
 
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based ApproachSecond Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
englishonecfl
 
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach 430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
NC State University
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Alison Phipps
Alison PhippsAlison Phipps
Alison Phipps
 
A contrastive analysis of native and non-native speaker interviews
A contrastive analysis of native and non-native speaker interviewsA contrastive analysis of native and non-native speaker interviews
A contrastive analysis of native and non-native speaker interviews
 
Anne Robinson-Pant
Anne Robinson-PantAnne Robinson-Pant
Anne Robinson-Pant
 
Tim, Liang, Rajwade
Tim, Liang, RajwadeTim, Liang, Rajwade
Tim, Liang, Rajwade
 
Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
Kohn 2018_ELF - From research to pedagogy_RELC Conf 12-14 March 2018
 
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL ClassroomIntroduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Introduction to Translanguaging in the ESL/EFL Classroom
 
Translanguaging and the globalization of YouTube
Translanguaging and the globalization of YouTubeTranslanguaging and the globalization of YouTube
Translanguaging and the globalization of YouTube
 
English in the world 2
English in the world 2English in the world 2
English in the world 2
 
Ways to teach and collaborate in superdiverse schools
Ways to teach and collaborate in superdiverse schoolsWays to teach and collaborate in superdiverse schools
Ways to teach and collaborate in superdiverse schools
 
Native English Teacher or Non - Native English Teacher?
Native English Teacher or Non -   Native English Teacher?Native English Teacher or Non -   Native English Teacher?
Native English Teacher or Non - Native English Teacher?
 
TP 6 Translanguaging as a Pedagogical Tool
TP 6 Translanguaging as a Pedagogical Tool TP 6 Translanguaging as a Pedagogical Tool
TP 6 Translanguaging as a Pedagogical Tool
 
applied linguistics Chapter One
applied linguistics Chapter Oneapplied linguistics Chapter One
applied linguistics Chapter One
 
Enhancing participation through translanguaging
Enhancing participation through translanguagingEnhancing participation through translanguaging
Enhancing participation through translanguaging
 
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based ApproachSecond Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
Second Language Accent And Pronunciation Teaching A Research Based Approach
 
WIDA: Introducing the Key Uses of Academic Language
WIDA: Introducing the Key Uses of Academic LanguageWIDA: Introducing the Key Uses of Academic Language
WIDA: Introducing the Key Uses of Academic Language
 
Translanguaging as pedagogic strategy and as resource for identity performanc...
Translanguaging as pedagogic strategy and as resource for identity performanc...Translanguaging as pedagogic strategy and as resource for identity performanc...
Translanguaging as pedagogic strategy and as resource for identity performanc...
 
Marie-Anne Hansen-Pauly
Marie-Anne Hansen-PaulyMarie-Anne Hansen-Pauly
Marie-Anne Hansen-Pauly
 
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach 430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
430-F10 Class 5: Andrews LEA Approach
 
Plurilingualism & CLIL: ConBat +
Plurilingualism & CLIL: ConBat +Plurilingualism & CLIL: ConBat +
Plurilingualism & CLIL: ConBat +
 
Applied linguistics lecture7
Applied linguistics lecture7Applied linguistics lecture7
Applied linguistics lecture7
 

Andere mochten auch

Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
researchingmultilingually
 
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note WhitepaperTANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
Videoguy
 

Andere mochten auch (6)

Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
Theoretical and methodological possibilities and challenges for researching e...
 
HC GTM Sell Sheet
HC GTM Sell SheetHC GTM Sell Sheet
HC GTM Sell Sheet
 
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note WhitepaperTANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
TANDBERG Streaming Video Application Note Whitepaper
 
Robert Crashaw
Robert CrashawRobert Crashaw
Robert Crashaw
 
Insure tennessee 01 25-15
Insure tennessee 01 25-15Insure tennessee 01 25-15
Insure tennessee 01 25-15
 
Social Media Week 2013: How to build a social community from scratch
Social Media Week 2013: How to build a social community from scratchSocial Media Week 2013: How to build a social community from scratch
Social Media Week 2013: How to build a social community from scratch
 

Ähnlich wie Perta Daryai-Hansen

5 language and dialect
5 language and dialect5 language and dialect
5 language and dialect
seemab nazir
 
Prof. barbara seidlhofer
Prof. barbara seidlhoferProf. barbara seidlhofer
Prof. barbara seidlhofer
Richard Pinner
 
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).pptSOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
Hema Kesevan
 

Ähnlich wie Perta Daryai-Hansen (20)

03 Language and dialect 1 yr (1).ppt
03 Language and dialect 1 yr (1).ppt03 Language and dialect 1 yr (1).ppt
03 Language and dialect 1 yr (1).ppt
 
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
 
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
At Home and Exiled in Language Studies: Interdisciplinarity, intersectionalit...
 
sociolinguistics 2.pdf
sociolinguistics 2.pdfsociolinguistics 2.pdf
sociolinguistics 2.pdf
 
Language policy and planning
Language policy and planningLanguage policy and planning
Language policy and planning
 
5 language and dialect
5 language and dialect5 language and dialect
5 language and dialect
 
Lecture: literacy issues bilingual children
Lecture: literacy  issues bilingual childrenLecture: literacy  issues bilingual children
Lecture: literacy issues bilingual children
 
Researchers as mediators: languaging and culturing when researching multiling...
Researchers as mediators: languaging and culturing when researching multiling...Researchers as mediators: languaging and culturing when researching multiling...
Researchers as mediators: languaging and culturing when researching multiling...
 
educational-linguistics.pptx
educational-linguistics.pptxeducational-linguistics.pptx
educational-linguistics.pptx
 
Prof. barbara seidlhofer
Prof. barbara seidlhoferProf. barbara seidlhofer
Prof. barbara seidlhofer
 
Open Issues of Language Contestation in Italy
Open Issues of Language Contestation in ItalyOpen Issues of Language Contestation in Italy
Open Issues of Language Contestation in Italy
 
Applied Linguistics session 111 0_07_12_2021 Applied linguistics challenges.pdf
Applied Linguistics session 111 0_07_12_2021 Applied linguistics challenges.pdfApplied Linguistics session 111 0_07_12_2021 Applied linguistics challenges.pdf
Applied Linguistics session 111 0_07_12_2021 Applied linguistics challenges.pdf
 
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdfLecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
 
meeting+3+sociolinguistics.ppt
meeting+3+sociolinguistics.pptmeeting+3+sociolinguistics.ppt
meeting+3+sociolinguistics.ppt
 
Translingualism
TranslingualismTranslingualism
Translingualism
 
Language variation
Language variationLanguage variation
Language variation
 
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).pptSOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION (Week 3).ppt
 
Tesol2011 pc
Tesol2011 pcTesol2011 pc
Tesol2011 pc
 
Ethnicity and multilingualism (fixed)
Ethnicity and multilingualism (fixed)Ethnicity and multilingualism (fixed)
Ethnicity and multilingualism (fixed)
 
Language and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by YuleLanguage and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by Yule
 

Mehr von researchingmultilingually

Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
researchingmultilingually
 

Mehr von researchingmultilingually (19)

Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
Researching multilingually at the borders of language, the body, law and the ...
 
RMTC Handout for Symposium 260514
RMTC Handout for Symposium 260514RMTC Handout for Symposium 260514
RMTC Handout for Symposium 260514
 
Multilingual Ecologies in the American Southwest Borderland
Multilingual Ecologies in the American Southwest BorderlandMultilingual Ecologies in the American Southwest Borderland
Multilingual Ecologies in the American Southwest Borderland
 
Researching Multilingually - Law Case Study
Researching Multilingually - Law Case StudyResearching Multilingually - Law Case Study
Researching Multilingually - Law Case Study
 
Researching Multilingually (RMTC) Hub
Researching Multilingually (RMTC) HubResearching Multilingually (RMTC) Hub
Researching Multilingually (RMTC) Hub
 
Teaching Arabic as a FL in Gaza: A seed for mutual cultural understanding
Teaching Arabic as a FL in Gaza: A seed for mutual cultural understandingTeaching Arabic as a FL in Gaza: A seed for mutual cultural understanding
Teaching Arabic as a FL in Gaza: A seed for mutual cultural understanding
 
What I've done so far: Read, meet, discuss, make a film
What I've done so far: Read, meet, discuss, make a filmWhat I've done so far: Read, meet, discuss, make a film
What I've done so far: Read, meet, discuss, make a film
 
Working and Researching Multilingually at State Borders
Working and Researching Multilingually at State BordersWorking and Researching Multilingually at State Borders
Working and Researching Multilingually at State Borders
 
Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the ...
Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the ...Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the ...
Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the ...
 
Zeynep Onat-Stelma
Zeynep Onat-StelmaZeynep Onat-Stelma
Zeynep Onat-Stelma
 
Adrian Holliday
Adrian HollidayAdrian Holliday
Adrian Holliday
 
Slavroula Pipyrou
Slavroula PipyrouSlavroula Pipyrou
Slavroula Pipyrou
 
Nusrat Fatima Rizvi
Nusrat Fatima RizviNusrat Fatima Rizvi
Nusrat Fatima Rizvi
 
Nusrat Fatima Revizi
Nusrat Fatima ReviziNusrat Fatima Revizi
Nusrat Fatima Revizi
 
Ana Beaven
Ana BeavenAna Beaven
Ana Beaven
 
Kate Beeching
Kate BeechingKate Beeching
Kate Beeching
 
Xiaowei Zhou
Xiaowei ZhouXiaowei Zhou
Xiaowei Zhou
 
Juup Stelma
Juup StelmaJuup Stelma
Juup Stelma
 
Juup Stelma
Juup StelmaJuup Stelma
Juup Stelma
 

KĂźrzlich hochgeladen

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
panagenda
 

KĂźrzlich hochgeladen (20)

Partners Life - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Partners Life - Insurer Innovation Award 2024Partners Life - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Partners Life - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of TerraformAWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
 
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
A Domino Admins Adventures (Engage 2024)
 
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps ScriptAutomating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
Automating Google Workspace (GWS) & more with Apps Script
 
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘
🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘🐬  The future of MySQL is Postgres   🐘
🐬 The future of MySQL is Postgres 🐘
 
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt RobisonData Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
Data Cloud, More than a CDP by Matt Robison
 
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
 
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
 
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
 
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
Apidays New York 2024 - The Good, the Bad and the Governed by David O'Neill, ...
 
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
 
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone ProcessorsExploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
Exploring the Future Potential of AI-Enabled Smartphone Processors
 
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivityBoost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
 
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data DiscoveryTrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
 
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
 
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin WoodPolkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
 
Top 5 Benefits OF Using Muvi Live Paywall For Live Streams
Top 5 Benefits OF Using Muvi Live Paywall For Live StreamsTop 5 Benefits OF Using Muvi Live Paywall For Live Streams
Top 5 Benefits OF Using Muvi Live Paywall For Live Streams
 

Perta Daryai-Hansen

  • 1. LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIONS A Classification Based on a Multilingual Empirical Approach. Petra Daryai-Hansen, Ph.D. Roskilde University, Denmark
  • 2. What is the most beautiful/ugly language in the World? ”Beautiful: I'd say it's between the Spanish and French languages, although Italian has a subtle beauty and Portuguese has lovely romantic tones as well. Ugly: Definitely German, Russian is very harsh as well. Japanese is just too much, too maniac like. Danish is horrible as well.” SummerRain, Forum Member 08-02-2010, 19:56 http://forums.digitalspy.co.uk/showthread.php?s=ef4bdc67785ea28003a236ff76d24ca0&t=1213673
  • 3. Language representations – a definition language attitude research, social psychology, ethnodia- lectologyy, linguistic anthropology in the Chicago tradition • Hall’s (1997, 25) constructivistic definition: ”[…] things don’t mean: we construct meaning, using representational systems.” • Bourdieu (1982:135): ”[…] sentations mentales, c’est- -dire d’actes de perception et ciation, […] oĂš les agents investissent leurs ̂ts et leurs s”
  • 4. Language hierarchisations in Denmark ”Engelsk har en vĂŚldig høj status […]. Dansk har [...] naturligvis ogsĂĽ en høj status […]. Efter engelsk og dansk kommer de øvrige fremmedsprog som der er udstrakt undervisning i: tysk, fransk, spansk m.v., og til sidst kommer indvandrersprog som tyrkisk, arabisk, […] mandarin m.v.” (Lund/Risager 2001, 6) Risager (2005): three levels
  • 5. Initial research questions • Can Lund/Risager and Risager’s language hierarchy be empirically substantiated? • Are there internal hierarchisations? (Calvet 1987, 75) • Are these trends particular to Denmark or are such hierarchisations also manifest in other European countries?
  • 6. Project design • comparison between Denmark and Germany • representation of foreign languages • framework of official language and educational policies • documents: 2003-2008 • 1,940 Danish language representations • 1,154 German language representations
  • 7. Comparative critical discourse analysis (Jäger 2001, Niehr 2002) language policies language ideology sociology of sociolinguistics language
  • 8. Language hierarchisations (Risager 2005) Inclusive practice (a) + language choice (b) + language representation Practices Exclusive practice (a) - language choice (ba) - language representation (bb) 0 language representation
  • 9. Bourdieu’s linguistic market Legitimate languages Linguistic capital Languages with positive distinction value Illegitimate languages Languages with negative distinction value
  • 10. Dualism Languages with positive market value Inclusion – Promotion + language choice + language representation Practices Languages with negative market value Exclusion – Discrimination - language choice - language representation 0 language representation
  • 11. Convergence and divergence Inclusive and exclusive practice (a) + language choice (b) - language representation Practices Exclusive and inclusive practice (a) - language choice (b) + language representation
  • 12. Theoretisation of language hierarchisation: Language representation and language choice M a c r o- a n d m i c r o c o n t e x t Levels of inclusion and exclusion absolute relative SUBJECT RECIPIENT OBJECT: What languages? PRACTICE: How?
  • 13. The multilingual basis: The object and practice of the representation Immigrant languages: • German discourse: ”Familiensprache“, ”Mehrsprachigkeit“ • Danish discourse: “ikke dansk som modersmål“, ”tosprogethed“ English: • German discourse: ”Einsprachenregime“, ”sprachliche Monokultur“ • Danish discourse: ”fremmedsprog”, ”parallelsproglighed“
  • 14. Inclusive and exclusive representational forms language promotion language rivalry language acknowledgment a n t i - e x clusiv e l a n g u a g e i n c l u s i o n subordinated language inclusion language discrimination
  • 15. Other representational parameters named not named linked to English not linked to English linked to the present/future linked to the past linked to status/acquisition linked to corpus specification of the representation
  • 16. Language hierarchisations in the Danish discourse English English >< Danish Immigrant languages Antihegemonic discourse
  • 17. Language hierarchisations in the German discourse Two European languages (+ others, receptive) language diversity English, French English >< German Immigrant languages
  • 18. Discussion Do language policy studies, which are based on a concept of language recognition and dehierarchisation, have a special responsibility for researching multilingually?
  • 19. Language choice on the textual level: A plurilingual language policy • Thesis written in Denmark – in German • Primary sources: Danish data without translation • Secondary sources: Danish, French and English research without translation • Promotion of receptive plurilingualism outlined by European language policies • Accepted by the PhD Committee and the German publisher
  • 20. Bibliography • Bourdieu, Pierre (1982). Ce que parler veut dire: l'ĂŠconomie des ĂŠchanges linguistiques. Paris: Fayard. • Calvet, Louis-Jean (1987). La guerre des langues et les politiques linguistiques, Paris: Payot. • Jäger, Siegfried (2001a). Kritische Diskursanalyse. Eine Einführung, Duisburg: Duisburger Institut für Sprach- und Sozialforschung. • Niehr, Thomas (2002). ”International vergleichende Diskurs- und Argumentationsanalyse. Vorstellung eines Forschungsprogramms.” EliSe, Essener Linguistische Skripte – elektronisch 2 (2002), 51-64. • Lund, Karen / Risager, Karen (2001). ”Dansk i midten”. Sprogforum 19 (2001). København: Danmarks PĂŚdagogiske Universitetsforlag, 4-8. • Risager, Karen (2005). ”Sproglige eksklusionshierarkier – de hundrede sprogs betydning”. Fra Minoritetsstudiers vĂŚrksted nr. 2. København: Københavns Universitet, 1-21. • Hall, Stuart (1997) (ed.). Representations. Cultural Representations and
  • 21.
  • 22. Danish discourse German discourse Sproglovgivning, Redegørelse af 18/12 03 Grundgesetz, Artikel 3, regering om det danske sprog Absatz 3 Sprog pĂĽ spil – et ud- Diskursfragmente der Bundes- spil til en dansk sprogpolitik regierung und des Bundestages sprog- Diskursfragmenter fra Diskursfragmente fra institutioner Dansk SprognĂŚvn Deutscher Sprachrat SkolevĂŚsen, Fremtidens Sprogfag – Fremdsprachen in der sprogfag vinduer mod en større verden Grundschule (KMK) Almen sprogforstĂĽelse: lĂŚre- Bericht ‘Konzepte fĂźr den plan/undervisningsvejledning bilingualen Unterricht’ (KMK) SkolevĂŚsen, Bekendtgørelse om folke- Empfehlung ‘Interkulturelle indvandrersprog skolens modersmĂĽlsunder- Bildung und Erziehung in visning der Schule’ (KMK) FĂŚlles MĂĽl: Indvandrersprog Bericht ‘Zuwanderung’ (KMK) Organisering af folke- Integration als Chance – skolens undervisning af to- gemeinsam fĂźr mehr sprogede elever Chancengerechtigkeit (KMK)
  • 23. The multilingual basis: The practice of the representation How to define language promotion? 1. Positive evaluations 2. Representation as languages that are learned or should be learned 3. Representation as languages that are promoted or should be promoted
  • 24. Discourses as flows of knowledge throughout time
  • 25. The structure of discourse • Discourse (strands) • Entanglements of discourse strands (discursive knot) • Interdiscourse, special discourse (scientific) • Discourse planes and sectors • Discourse fragments, discourse elements • History, present and future of discourse strands • Discursive context, discursive events • Discourse positions (counter-discourses) • Overall societal discourse, global discourse
  • 26. Simultaneous inclusion and exclusion “Any language policy, be it monolingual or multilingual, strategies of inclusion and exclusion of languages go hand in hand. Language hierarchizations can never be avoided altogether.” (Risager 2012)