Protein met by reda said
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This document discusses protein and amino acid metabolism. It begins by explaining that proteins are polymers of amino acids and that sources of proteins include plants like cereals and beans as well as animals like milk, fish, meat and eggs. It then provides an overview of how dietary proteins are digested in the gastrointestinal tract through the action of proteolytic enzymes from the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. The document concludes by outlining different pathways that amino acids can enter once absorbed, such as being used to form other amino acids, producing urea, or providing carbon skeletons and energy through various metabolic pathways in the liver.
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Protein met by reda said
- 3. *Proteins are polymers of amino acids *Sources Plants:as cereals and beans Animals:as milk,fissh,meat and eggs. General metabolismof proteins Fasting feeding ((2-4 mg/dl) Amino acids (6-8 mg/dl
- 4. Amino acids Dietary protein Pepsin Stomach Polypeptides and amino acids Trypsin Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase Elastase Pancreas To liver Oligopeptides and amino acids Aminopeptidases Small intestine Digestion of dietary proteins by the proteolytic enzymes of the gastro-intestinal tract. Tripeptidase Dipeptidase liver
- 5. OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM ENVIRONMENT ORGANISM Ingested protein Bio- synthesis Protein AMINO ACIDS Nitrogen Carbon skeletons Urea Degradation (required) 1 2 3 a b Purines Pyrimidines Porphyrins c c Used for energy pyruvate α-ketoglutarate succinyl-CoA fumarate oxaloacetate acetoacetate acetyl CoA (glucogenic)(ketogenic)
- 6. PROTEIN METABOLISM During fasting (18h ) main source of energy(1g=4.1Kcal) Generalmetabolismofaminoacids *Each amino acid gives : # Ammonia (NH3) # Carbon skeleton By removal NH3 from A.A. by 4 mechanisms
- 7. *Transamination: as (AST-ALT) except threonine &lysine. *Oxidative deamination: removal of (H2&NH3) 1-Amino acid oxidase 2-L-glutamate dehydrogenase
- 8. *Non-oxidative deamination: (serine & threonine) *Transdeamination:(Transamination&Oxidative deamination)
- 9. 1)Form non-essential amino acids. 2)Glutamine synthesis(brain,liver,renal T. and muscle). 3)Producing urea(by urea cycle 90%). 4)Excretion in urine(upto 1gm/24h urine). 5)Traces in blood (upto 100 ug/dl). Glutamate + NH3 + ATP GS Glutamine + ADP + Pi
- 10. CO2 + 2NH3 +3ATP UREA UREA released into : Blood----------------------(20-40 mg/dL) of serum. (Urine------------------(20-40 g/24h urine collection Reactions First 2 reactions ---------- mitochondria. The rest 3 reactions --------- cytoplasm.
- 13. Glycine Serine CO2,NH3 and methylene THF Bile salts Glutathione Heme Purines Creatine Detoxification of aromatic acids Tryptophan Niacin Serotonin Melatonin Tyrosine Melanine Thyroid hormones Catecholamines
- 14. Cysteine Pyruvate Thioethanolamine Bile salts Glutathione Serine Glycine Ethanolamine Phospholipids Ceramide Aspartic acid Urea Pyrimidines Purines B-alanine Oxaloacetate Glucose Asparagine
- 15. Methionine + ATP = S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) *SAM is used in many transmethylation reactions. a)Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl Choline b)Norepinephrine Epinephrine c)Guanidoacetic acid Creatine d)N-acetyl serotonin Melatonin e)Methylation of pyridine compounds as: Nicotinamide N-methyl nicotinamide Glutamic acid Glutathione Glutamine Folic acid γ-aminobutyrate Methionine