When the cold war was over　at the end of １９８０ｔｈ, we expected that the 21st century would be peaceful, progressive, and politically stable. On the contrary, the strong consciousness of ETHNICITY was dramatically emerged in eastern European ethnic groups that were controlled by the old Soviet Union. The worse situation was the case of old Yugoslavia　where were divided into three parts with arms. As we know, that war was the terrible genocide　as we know. What is “ Medical Anthropology? Health and Sickness could be defined as the dynamic studies. Because, the concept of the sickness and health is depended on the indigenous values. It means “dynamics”. 2. Biomedicine and cultural( behavial sciences can be understood reciprocally. Cultural Diagnosis. The fact that the past scientific research and analysis gather so many different specialists needs to be stress. No profession can get alone the right perspective to comprehend the destructiveness of violence, we need different points of view to fight against it and hopefully to transfer this knowledge to the policy making body. It is my hope that our policy makers and society will begin to realize the importance of the anthropological aspects which I am going to discuss in this short paper. Now, I would like to take this opportunity to share the role of Anthropology in this issue with policy makers and anthropologists but, let me first show about the role of anthropology in the process of development and its connection with violence. I believe that the anthropological theory should apply to the practical field. Another word, I would say that anthropologists must put on two hats (theoretical and practical). The work was presented during the II Workshop on Medical Anthropology in Rome, October 14th - 15th 2011.

1. “ MEDICINE WITH ETHICS IN GLOBAL SOCIETY” Yasushi Kikuchi, Ed.D. Professor Emeritus, Waseda University Visiting Professor, United Nations University Oct.14 th to 15 th , ２０１１． at Rome “ What can Social Anthropology contribute to the field of Medical Anthropology ?”

4. Rivers, William Halse. 1924, Medicine , Magic and religion . For the research Sharmanism, it needs “ method of “ Participation and obsevation. Especially to analyze his cosmological view. ( Health seeking behavior). Up today, it s important research method. Murdock J.P,1980, Theory and Illness: A world survey . The classification of Illness. With fortune-telling illness is more than natural reason. (HRAF)Human Relations Area Files. Kleinman, A. 1979, Sickness as Cultural Semantics: Issues For Anthropological Medicine and Psychiatry . His theory of the Illness has the common illness behavior. Created “ the model of explanation.” It is needed to analyze “ Interpretation in Cultural context.

17. Documenting and diagnosing symptoms of mental disorder for aid eligibility is more difficult to practice than doing the same for illness like cholera or tuberculosis. Even worse, when ODA projects are implemented for evacuated refugees without properly taking into account these traumatized people, the rush for results may cause development to fall short of its potential good.

20. Monoancestor oriented kin concept

29. In that perspective, transcultural care is concerned with a comparison between cultures in terms of their caring behavior, health and illness (indigenous concept), values, their beliefs and patterns of behavior. The focus of this approach is on the care-giver who has to develop expertise in understanding the groups he/she is working with in order to effectively deliver care. Thus, the clinician is taught to recognize and understand the values, beliefs and practices of different cultures and in so doing is enabled to deliver care in a culturally sensitive and appropriate manner.

30. For cross – cultural caring, key issues in this approach are how well the cross – cultural bridge can be established in order to allow, for instance, a white European obstetrician to care for an Indian woman. On this concern the multicultural care system will enrich its potentiality with the professional collaboration of anthropologists. To this account I would like to propose the following method.

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34. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT & IK