HELPFUL IN COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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UNIT-2

2. OUTLINE
• COMPUTER LANGUAGE RAVI
• SOFTWARE PACKAGE SWAROOP
• INTRODUCTION MS- DOS
• WINDOWS
• TEXT PROCESSING SOFTWARE SONALI
• SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE ARPITA
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AMBAA

3. LANGUAGE
• DEFINITION :
• A language is defined as the medium of
expression of thoughts.
• All the human beings in this world
communicate with each other by a
language.
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4. Communicating With a Person
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Speaker encodes
information
Listener decodes
information
Listener returns
feedback to speaker
Communication cycle
One complete unit of
communication.
•An idea to be sent.
•An encoder.
•A sender.
•A medium.
•A receiver.
•A decoder.
•A response.

5. COMPUTER LANGUAGE
• A programming language is an artificial
language that can be used to control the
behavior of a machine, particularly a
computer.
• A computer follows the instructions given by
the programmer to perform a specific job.
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6. Communicating With a Computer
• Substituting a computer for one of the people in
the communication process.
– Process is basically
the same.
– Response may be
symbols
on the monitor.
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User encodes
information
Computer
returns results
to user
Computer decodes
information

7. 7
Programming Languages
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
• High level Language

8. 8
Machine Language
• The fundamental language of the computer’s
processor, also called Low Level Language.
• All programs are converted into machine language
before they can be executed.
• Consists of combination of 0’s and 1’s that
represent high and low electrical voltage.
• For example:
Binary: 10110000 01100001

9. 9
Assembly Language
• A low level language that is similar to
machine language.
• Uses symbolic operation code to represent
the machine operation code.

10. 10
High Level Language
• Computer (programming) languages that
are easier to learn.
• Uses English like statements.
• High-level languages are used to solve
problems and are often described as
problem-oriented languages.
• Examples are C,C ++, JAVA, and …....

11. TRANSLATOR
• Definition: A translator is a computer
program that performs the translation of a
program written in a given programming
language into a functionally
equivalent program in a different computer
language, without losing the functional or
logical structure of the original code.
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12. Contd…
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Machine
language
program
Translator
Computer
program
Machine
language
program
Step 1: Translate program
Step 2: Execute program
Program execution

13. CONTD......
There are three techniques to achieve this aim:
• The assembler: Assembler is a computer
program which translates assembly
language to an object file or machine
language format.
• The compiler: It is a program which
translates a high level language program
into a machine language program.
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14. CONTD….
• The interpreter: An interpreter is a program
which translates statements of a program into
machine code. It translates only one statement
of the program at a time. It reads only one
statement of program, translates it and executes
it.
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15. CONTD….
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16. GENERATION OF LANGUAGE
• FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGES
(Machine language):
The binary language a language, a language
of is 1s and Os is known as Machine
language. Any instruction in this language
is given in the form of string of 1s and 0s.
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17. Contd….
SECOND GENERATION LANGAUAGES
(Assembly Language):
• Represent as step up from the first
generation languages. Allow for the use of
symbolic names instead of just numbers.
Second generation languages are known as
assembly language.
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18. Contd....
• THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGES
(3GLs) (High Level Languages):
With the languages introduced by the
third generation of computer
programming, words and commands
were being used. Third generation
languages are known as “high level
language”
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19. Contd....
• FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
(4GLs) Non-Procedural Languages:
– Programming-like systems aimed at
simplifying the programmers task of imparting
instructions to a computer.
– Many are associated with specific application
packages.
• Query Languages:
• Report Writers:
• Application Generators: 19

20. CONTD....
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21. Software
• Computer software or simply software
is any set of instructions that directs
a computer to perform specific operations.
• Computer Instructions or data,
anything that can be stored electronically is
Software.
• Computer hardware would be useless without
software, the lists of instructions which tell the
hardware what to do.
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22. Types of software
1. System Software:
System software is a term referring to any
computer software which manages and
controls the hardware so that application
software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker,
Interpreter.
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23. Contd….
2. Application Software:
Application Software includes programs that
do real work for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control,Word
Processor, Spreadsheet and Database
Management System etc.,
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24. Contd....
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25. Contd.....
Users
Application
software
Operating
and
systems
software
Hardware
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26. SOFTWARE PACKAGE
• Word Processing Package :
Word processing describes use of hardware and
software to create, edit, format, store, retrieve and
print documents.
• Spreadsheet Package :
Spreadsheet Package is a numeric data analysis tool
that allows us to create a computerized ledger.
Useful for any numerical analysis problem whose
data can be organized as rows and columns..
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27. Contd…
• Graphic Package
It enables us to use a computer system for creating,
viewing, editing, storing, retrieving, and printing
design, pictures, graphs etc. can be drawn in the
traditional manner.
• Personal Assistant Package
Use personal computers for storing and retrieving
their personal information. Planning and managing
their finances and inventory of important items.
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28. FEATURES
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29. Operating System
• Operating System is a software, which
makes a computer to actually work.
• The OS organizes and controls the
hardware.
• OS acts as an interface between the
application programs and the machine
hardware.
• Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac
OS, etc.,
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30. Contd ....
• An interface between users and hardware - an
environment "architecture”
• Allows convenient usage; hides the tedious stuff
• Allows efficient usage; parallel activity, avoids
wasted cycles
• Provides information protection
• Gives each user a slice of the resources
• Acts as a control program. 30

31. PART OF OPERATING SYSTEM
The operating system can be broken down into four
main parts, namely:
• Kernel
• Device Drivers
• User Interface
• System Utilities
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32. INTERFACE
• User interface
– A function of the operating system that allows
individuals to access and command the computer
• Command-based user interface
– A particular user interface that requires text commands
be given to the computer to perform basic activities
E.g., Unix, DOS
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
– A user interface that uses pictures (icons) and menus
displayed on the screen to send commands to the
computer system E.g. Windows, MAC OS
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33. TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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• Real Time Systems - Rapid response time is main
characteristic. Used in control of applications
where rapid response to a stimulus is essential.
• Time Sharing - multiprogramming environment
that's also interactive.

34. CONTD....
• Multiprocessing - Tightly coupled
systems that communicate via shared
memory. Used for scientific applications.
Used for speed improvement by putting
together a number of off-the-shelf
processors.
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35. CONTD.....
• Distributed Systems - Loosely coupled
systems that communicate via message
passing. Advantages include resource
sharing, speed up, reliability,
communication.
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36. Contd.....
• BATCH PROCESSING –
 Jobs, together with input data, are fed into the
system in a batch.
 The jobs are then run one after another.
 No job can be started until previous job is
completed.
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38. MS-DOS
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 In the 1980s or early 1990s, the operating system that
shipped with most PCs was a version of the Disk
Operating System (DOS) created by Microsoft: MS-
DOS.
 MS-DOS is a disk operating system for IBM PC–
compatible computers.
 In its day, it was easily the most popular operating
system in the world.

39. CONTD....
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• Uses a command-line interface
• Screen provides prompts for user
• User types commands

40. CONTD....
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41. DOS FILE
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• The main portions of MS-DOS are the IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS,
and COMMAND.COM files.
• IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS are special, hidden system files
• The IO.SYS file moves the system’s basic I/O functions into
memory and then implements the MS-DOS default control
programs, referred to as device drivers, for various hardware
components.
• These include the following:
 The boot disk drive
 The console display and keyboard
 The system’s time-of-day clock
 The parallel and serial communications port

42. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF DOS
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• DOS translate the command issued of the user
in the format that is understood by the computer
to execute it, also error message in the format for
the user to understand.
• Manage disk files,
• Allocate system resources according to the
requirement.
• DOS provides features essential to control
hardware devices such as Keyboard, Screen,
Disk Devices, Printers, Modems and programs.

43. WINDOWS
• Most popular OS for
microcomputers
• Designed for Intel processors
• Active Desktop
 Graphical user interface
(GUI) to OS
 Windows XP, Windows 7
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Series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces
produced by Microsoft

44. Desktop Screen
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45. WINDOWS FEATURE
• Long file names (up to 255
characters)
• Plug and Play Makes
installing hardware
components easier
• Object Linking and
Embedding (OLE)
Allows user to embed or
link one document to
another
Word Document
Excel
Data

46. WINDOWS FAMILY
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Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
Corporate Market
Windows NT (“New technology”)
Windows 2000
Windows 2003
Windows XP
Windows CE
Windows VISTA
Windows 7

47. DIFFERENCE
WINDOWS DOS
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
MULTI-TASKING SINGLE -TASKING
CLIP BOARD NOT AVAILABLE
DRAG N DROP NO POINTER
MULTIPLE FONTS DEFAULT FONT
MULTIMEDIA CAPABILITY TEXTUAL MEDIUM
DIALOG BOXES NO DIALOG BOXES
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48. Word Processors
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating,
editing, and printing documents. Word processors will
normally have the following capabilities built into them:
• Spell checking
• Standard layouts for normal documents
• Have some characters appear in bold print,
italics, or underlined
• Center lines, make text line up on the left
side of the paper, or the right side of the
paper
• Save the document so it can be used again
• print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word
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49. Contd....
• Word Processing
Provides assistance
in formulating,
formatting, and
printing documents
such as letters,
memos, and papers.
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50. Spreadsheets
The spreadsheet packages are designed to use numbers and
formulas to do calculations with ease. Examples of
spreadsheets include:
• Budgets
• Payrolls
• Grade Calculations
• Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are
Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123
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51. Contd…
• Spreadsheet
Provides a wide range
of built-in functions
for statistical, financial,
logical, database,
graphics, and data
and time calculations
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52. Questions
1. Think about some machine / items /
gadgets having only Hardware.
2. Think about some machine / items /
gadgets having both Hardware and
Software.
3. Find the Operating System, you
are using and its version.
4. Find 5 proprietary software names.
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