This Presentation is about work study in production management which explains how to perform work and procedure in performing work and its objectives , expert work study man, techniques used in work study and relation to time and motion study.... Work Measurement and its benefits. Work simplification and job design process..human resource relation to work study

1. WORK STUDY
BY
RAJESWARI .C.B
Rajeswari_cb@ymail.com

2. WORK STUDY OVERVIEW
– intro to Work Study
- Definition and other functions of WS
- Objectives , components , benefits of WS
- Work study man, role of work study in
industries
- Work measurement & its objectives
- Techniques in work measurement
- Time Study , work simplification , job
Design
- Relationship between time and motion
study

3. WORK STUDY

4. INTRODUCTION
 WITH INCREASING COMPLEXITIES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL
WORLD, NEED TO SIMPLIFY THE WORK SYSTEM HAS BEEN
INCREASING DAY BY DAY.
 WORK STUDY IS AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE THAT ADDRESSES
THE PROBLEM OF WORK SIMPLIFICATION WITH THE BASIC
OBJECTIVES OF
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT,
HUMAN COMFORT & SAFETY

5. EVOLUTION OF WORK STUDY
• F.W.TAYLOR: FOUNDER OF MODERN METHOD AND TIME STUDY.
• TAYLOR BEGAN HIS TIME STUDY WORK IN 1881.
• HE ESTABLISHED THAT EACH JOB SHOULD HAVE A STANDARD TIME, DETERMINED BY TIME STUDIES.
• IN THE TIMING PROCESS TAYLOR ADVOCATED DIVIDING THE WORK INTO SMALL DIVISIONS OF
• EFFORT KNOWN AS ELEMENTS.
• TIME WAS OBTAINED FOR THESE ELEMENT INDIVIDUALLY AND THEIR COLLECTIVE VALUES WERE
USED TO DETERMINE THE ALLOWED TIME FOR THE TASK.

6. WORK OF GILBERT
• GILBRETH IS CONSIDERED AS THE FOUNDER OF ‘MODERN MOTION STUDY
TECHNIQUE’.
• WHICH IS DEFINED AS THE STUDY OF BODY MOTIONS USED IN
PERFORMING AN OPERATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THE
OPERATION BY :
 ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY MOTIONS
 SIMPLIFYING NECESSARY MOTIONS
 THEN ESTABLISHING THE MOST FAVORABLE MOTION SEQUENCE FOR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY

7. IMPORTANCE:-
• ENHANCING THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE FIRM.
• TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY NON-VALUE OPERATIONS.
• ONLY ACCURATE AND SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE ORIENTED
TECHNIQUE.
• HAS GOT UNIVERSAL APPLICATION.
• IT IS TOOL THAT CAN BE APPLIED EVERYWHERE
• REDUCTION IN TRAINING TIME
• EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES BY INCREASE OUTPUT AND
REDUCING CRAO

8. DEFINITION
“WORK STUDY IS DEFINED AS THAT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
CONCERNED WITH THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORK METHODS AND THE
EQUIPMENT USED IN PERFORMING A JOB, THE DESIGN OF AN
OPTIMUM WORK METHOD AND THE STANDARDIZATION OF
PROPOSED WORK METHODS.”
PREREQUISITES FOR CONDUCTING
WORK STUDY

9. STEPS INVOLVED IN WORK STUDY
1. SELECT
Job Or Process To Be Studied
2. RECORD
All the details concerning job using various Recording Techniques
3. EXAMINE
Recorded facts critically by asking questions like who, what, when, why
4. DEVELOP
Most economical method
5. MEASURE
The amount of work involved and set standard time to do that job
6. DEFINE
New method and standard time
7. INSTALL
The new method as a standard practice
8. MAINTAIN
New method as agreed standards

10. PRINCIPLES

11. PRINCIPLES OF WORK STUDY
1. MUST COME FROM THE TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT.
2. PEOPLE MADE AWARE OF THE OBJECTIVES AND
THE NEED OF THE EXERCISING SUCH STUDY.
1. METHOD STUDY MUST PRECEDE WORK MEASUREMENT .

12. OBJECTIVES
• TO ANALYZE THE PRESENT METHOD OF DOING A JOB, SYSTEMATICALLY IN
ORDER TO DEVELOP A NEW AND BETTER METHOD.
• TO MEASURE THE WORK CONTENT OF A JOB BY MEASURING THE TIME
REQUIRED TO DO THE JOB FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER AND HENCE TO
ESTABLISH STANDARD TIME.
• TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY BY ENSURING THE BEST POSSIBLE USE OF
HUMAN, MACHINE AND MATERIAL RESOURCES AND TO ACHIEVE BEST
QUALITY PRODUCT/SERVICE AT MINIMUM POSSIBLE COST.
• TO IMPROVE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY.
• TO REDUCE WASTE THROUGH STANDARDIZATION OF WORK ELEMENTS OF A
JOB.
• TO IMPROVE LABOR EFFICIENCY.

13. COMPONENTS /
TECHNIQUES OF WORK STUDY WORK
STUDY
METHOD STUDY
• Motion Study : Examine the
job and finding more efficient
method to perform it
WORK MEASUREMENT
• Time Study : Determine the
time necessary to perform a job
and its elements

14. BENEFITS OF WORK STUDY
 INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
 REDUCED MANUFACTURING COSTS
 IMPROVED WORK PLACE LAYOUT
 BETTER MANPOWER PLANNING AND CAPACITY PLANNING
 FAIR WAGES TO EMPLOYEES
 BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS TO EMPLOYEES
 IMPROVED WORK FLOW
 REDUCED MATERIAL HANDLING COSTS
 PROVIDES A STANDARD OF PERFORMANCE TO MEASURE LABOR EFFICIENCY
 BETTER INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND EMPLOYEE MORALE
 BASIS FOR SOUND INCENTIVE SCHEME
 PROVIDES BETTER JOB SATISFACTION TO EMPLOYEES

15. WORK STUDY MAN (EXPERT)
QUALITIES THAT HAS TO BE POSSESSED BY A PERSON WHO IS AT POSITION
OF DOING WORK STUDY:
• (A) QUALIFICATION:
- KNOWLEDGE OF WORK STUDY TECHNIQUES
- KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- WELL QUALIFIED AND SUFFICIENTLY TRAINED
- A STRONG BELIEVER IN IMPROVEMENT OF WORK METHODS

16. (B) – MENTAL ABILITIES
- MENTALLY PREPARED AND INTERESTED
- GOOD OBSERVATION POWER
- ABILITY TO EXPLAIN AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILL
(C) – PERSONAL QUALITIES
- SINCERE , HONEST , CONFIDENCE AND RESPECT TO THOSE HE/SHE
WORKING ALONG
- TACTFUL HANDLING ALL SITUATION , STRONG WILL-POWER
- LEADERSHIP CAPABILITIES

17. ROLE OF WORK STUDY IN INDUSTRIES
Production
• Standard time
• Standard methods
• Best way of doing task
Quality Control
Quality control rely on time
standards and process analysis
Industrial Relation
Good labor relation result from equality
wages based on work content
Sales
Product cost is largely a manufacturing
methods and measurement control
Work Study

18. HUMAN CONSIDERATION IN WORK STUDY
WORK STUDY WILL BE THE POWERFUL MANAGEMENT TOOL TO
IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY ONLY IF GOOD RELATIONSHIP IS
ESTABLISHED BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND OFFICE
STAFFS/EMPLOYEES/LABORS. THERE SHOULD BE NO THREAT
TOO THEIR JOB AND SELF-RESPECT. SO RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN OFFICE STAFFS AND HIGHER OFFICIALS ARE
IMPORTANT .
WORK STUDY IS PARTICIPATIVE TOOL FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE
WORK BEING PERFORMED

19. WORK
MEASUREMENT

20. DEFINITION :-
• “THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH
THE TIME FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIED
JOB AT A DEFINED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE”

21. OBJECTIVES OF WORK MEASUREMENT :-
• 1. COMPARING ALTERNATIVE METHODS
• 2. ASSESSING THE CORRECT INITIAL MANNING (MANPOWER REQUIREMENT PLANNING)
• 3. PLANNING AND CONTROL
• 4. REALISTIC COSTING
• 5. DELIVERY DATE OF PLANNING
• 6. COST REDUCTION AND COST CONTROL
• 7. IDENTIFYING SUBSTANDARD WORKERS
• 8. TRAINING NEW EMPLOYEES.

22. TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
:-• 1) REPETITIVE WORK:- THE TYPE OF WORK IN WHICH THE MAIN OPERATION OR GROUP OF OPERATIONS
REPEAT CONTINUOUSLY DURING THE TIME SPENT AT THE JOB. THESE APPLY TO WORK CYCLE OF EXTREMELY
SHORT DURATION.
• 2) NON-REPETITIVE WORK:- IT INCLUDE SOME TYPE OF MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION WORK, WHERE
CYCLE ITSELF IS HARDLY EVER REPEATED IDENTICALLY.
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES:-
1)TIME STUDY
2) SYNTHESIS
3) WORK SAMPLING
4) ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION
5)PREDETERMINED MOTION AND TIME STUDY.

23. TIME STUDY
• TIME STUDY IS WORK MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR RECORDING THE
TIMES AND RATES OF WORKING FOR THE ELEMENTS OF A SPECIFIED JOB
CARRIED OUT UNDER SPECIFIED UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS

25. STEPS IN MAKING TIME STUDY:-
1)SELECT (SELECTING JOB FOR WORK STUDY)
2)OBTAIN & RECORD (DETAILS REGARDING METHODS,OPERATOR, JOB
AND WORKING CONDITION)
3)DEFINE (THE ELEMENT, BREAK THE JOB INTO CONVENIENT FOR TIMING)
4)MEASURE (TIME DURATION FOR EACH ELEMENT AND ASSESS THE
RATING)
5)EXTEND (OBSERVED TIME INTO NORMAL TIME {BASIC TIME})
6)DETERMINED (RELAXATION AND PERSONAL ALLOWANCES)
7) COMPUTE (STANDARD TIME FOR THE OPERATION FOR DEFINED JOB OR
OPERATION.)

26. WORK MEASUREMENT
• STANDARD TIME IS USED IN:
• COSTING THE LABOR COMPONENT OF PRODUCTS
• TRACKING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
• SCHEDULING & PLANNING REQUIRED
RESOURCES

27. WORK SIMPLIFICATION
• INVOLVES IMPROVEMENT IN WORK METHODS OR
WORK FLOW INITIATED AND DEVELOPED BY WORKERS
OR SUPERVISORS ON THE JOB AS A RESULT OF
METHODS TRAINING AND /OR ECONOMIC INCENTIVES.
IT IS AN ORGANIZED USE OF COMMON SENSE TO FIND
AND APPLY BETTER WAYS OF DOING ANY WORK AT
LESSER COST.

28. SETTING STANDARD TIMES
• STEP 1: CHOOSE THE SPECIFIC JOB TO BE STUDIED
• STEP 2: TELL THE WORKER WHOSE JOB YOU WILL BE STUDYING
• STEP 3: BREAK THE JOB INTO EASILY RECOGNIZABLE UNITS
• STEP 4: CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF CYCLES YOU MUST
OBSERVE
• STEP 5: TIME EACH ELEMENT, RECORD DATA & RATE THE
WORKER’S PERFORMANCE
• STEP 6: COMPUTE THE NORMAL TIME
• STEP 7: COMPUTE THE STANDARD TIME

29. JOB DESIGN PROCESS:
• JOB DESIGN PROCESS HAS TO START FROM WHAT ACTIVITY NEEDS TO BE
DONE IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
• IT REQUIRES USE OF TECHNIQUES LIKE WORK-STUDY, PROCESS
PLANNING, ORGANIZATIONAL METHODS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
AND ALSO TECHNICAL ASPECTS

30. RELATIONSHIP B/W TIME AND MOTION STUDY
TO WORK STUDY
TIME STUDY MOTION STUDY
TIME STUDY IS A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS MOTION STUDY IS A QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS
LEADING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OF A WORK STATION LEADING TO THE
DESIGN
TIME STANDARD OR IMPROVEMENT OF AN
OPERATION/ACTIVITY

31. WORK STUDY WITH
1. WITH PRODUCTIVITY
2. WITH WORKERS
3. WITH SUPERVISOR
. WITH MANAGEMENT
Productivity – to reduce the wastage of
resources , wastage of time and to
increase efficiency in man and
production
Workers – sincerity to mgmt and make
out the best
Supervisor- has authority on the shop
floor to all workers; he has to be Work
study Expert man
Management- sometime colleagues
might not co-operate , it is mgt
responsibility to take care of issue and
sort it out ….