2. Open
open as in not closed
open as in free
free as in gratis
free as in libre
open as in access
open as in reuse and change
open as in over time
open as in any place and for
anyone
3. What is Open?
Free
Shared
Choices
Ability to adapt
Cost effective
Ability to tailor &
build your own
Creative Commons
Freedom of info and
use
• Quality assurance
• Varied availability
by disciplines
• Available to
anybody
• Digital
• Often multimedia
• Accessibility—more
accessible to some
and less to others
4. Open Access Definition
The Guru of Open Access Harnad (2008) has
described the characteristics of Open Access.
"Information, which is Free, immediate,
permanent, full-text, on-Line and accessible".
Harnad suggests three main justifications of OA:
“Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online,
free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions. What make it possible is
the internet and the consent of the author or
copyright-holder”.
- Peter Suber
5. Open Access
Open Access (OA) can foster information and
knowledge sharing within research,
educational, and scientific communities in
traditionally economically disadvantaged
regions.
According to BOAI (Budapest Open Access
Initiative)the concept of Open Access refers
to "[the] free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing,
pass them as data to software, or use them
for any other lawful purpose, without
financial, legal, or technical barriers other
than those inseparable from gaining access
6. Why Open Access?
Libraries have to pay huge amount on the
journals and other information sources.
Through the open access the libraries in
smaller institutions and with limited fund can
have greater access to these scholarly
resources.
Open access helps to ensure long-term
access to scholarly articles.
Ease of preservation and dissemination of
scholarly information.
Increased access to the world of knowledge.
7. Historical Development of OA
The first online-only, free-access journals
(eventually to be called "open access journals")
began appearing in the late 1980s. Among them
was Bryn Mawr Classical Review, Postmodern
Culture and Psycoloquy.
Since 1990s
National Academies Press
provided free online full-text editions of their
books alongside priced, printed editions
open access journals
The first free scientific online archive
was arXiv.org, started in 1991
8. Historical Development of OA
• The Association of Research Libraries developed
the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources
Coalition (SPARC), in 1997
In 1997, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM)
made Medline (freely available in the form of PubMed)
In 1998, the American Scientist Open Access
Forum was launched
In 1999,Open Archives Initiative and its OAI-
PMH protocol for metadata harvesting was launched in
order to make online archives interoperable.
The first OA initiatives, was initiated from a meeting of
convinced by the Open Society Institute (OSI) on
December 1-2, 2001 at Budapest.
The purpose of the meeting was to create effort to make
9. Historical Development of OA
Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI),
Took place in Feb. 2001, where the term "open
access" was coined and the two strategies of Green
OA (self-archiving) and Gold OA (open access
publishing)
Bethesda statement, and
In June 2003, "open access will be an essential
component of scientific publishing in the future and
that works reporting the results of current scientific
research should be as openly accessible and freely
useable as possible. Libraries and publishers should
make every effort to hasten this transition in a fashion
that does not disrupt the orderly dissemination of
scientific information"
Berlin Declaration (Oct. 2003).
10. Historical Development of OA
DOAJ was the result of the first Nordie Conference
on Scholarly Communication in Lunch/Copenhagen
in 2002. (http://www.lub.lu.se/ncse2002)
Public Library of Science (PLOS) in 2003
OpenDOAR
(Open Directory of Open Access Repositories)
DOAB was launched 21 May 2013
(Directory of Open Access Books)
11. Models of Open Access
Publishing
Gold Open Access
Publication of a scholarly article in an open
access journal, usually peer-reviewed, and
financed through article publication charges.
Green Open Access
The archiving of a scholarly publication for
public access in a repository other than that of
the publisher,
e.g., an institutional repository (IR) or
discipline-related repository service.
12. What can be made available under
Open Access?
Peer-reviewed research articles
Un refereed preprints destined to be peer-reviewed
research articles
Theses and Dissertations
Research data
Government data source code conference
presentations (texts, slides, audio, video)
scholarlymonographs textbooks novels, stories, plays,
and poetry newspapers
Archival records and manuscripts images (artworks,
photographs, diagrams, maps) teaching andlearning
materials (“open education resources” and “open
13. What Faculty Can Do to Promote
Open Access
Submit your research articles to OA journals, when
there are appropriate OA journals in your field.
Deposit your preprints in an open-access.
Deposit your post- prints in an open-access repository.
Deposit your data files in an OA archive along with the
articles built on them.
Educate the next generation of scientists and scholars
about OA.
Write opinion pieces (articles, journal editorials,
newspapers op-eds, letters to the editor,discussion
forum postings) advancing the cause of OA.
When asked to referee a paper or serve on the
14. What Open Access Is Not?
Open Access isn’t an attempt to bypass peer review.
Open Access isn’t an attempt to reform, violate, or abolish
copyright.
Open Access isn’t an attempt to deprive royalty-earning
authors of income.
Open Access isn’t an attempt to deny the reality of costs.
Open Access isn’t an attempt to reduce authors’ rights
over their work
Open Access isn’t an attempt to reduce academic
freedom.
Open Access doesn’t require boycotting any kind of
literature or publisher.
Open Access isn’t primarily about bringing access to lay
15. Features of Open Access
All materials are available internet or online.
Always free availability of scholarly
publication.
Anybody from anywhere the material can be
accessed by without any favoritism
Free copyright and licensing restrictions
Full text materials are available round the
clock
Material can be freely used by anyone.
Multi-media, scholarly articles and their
16. Nine flavors of open access
Wilinsky (2003) identified
E-print archive (authors self-archive pre – or post
prints)
Unqualified (immediate and full open access
publication of a journal)
Dual mode (both print subscription and open
access versions of a journal are offered)
Delayed open access (open access is available
after a certain period of time)
Author fee (authors pay a fee to support open
access)
Partial open access (some articles from a journal
are available via open access)
Per capita (open access is made available to
countries based on per-capita income)
Abstract (open access available to table of
contents/abstracts) and
17. Issues and Challenges
The extent and quality of peer review
The technologies and cost associated with the
capture and display of information
The technologies and the costs associated with the
various distribution channels
The pricing policies ands subsequent business
exercised by the various types of scholarly
publishers
The ever-increasing expectations of the principal
consumer with regard to the method of information
delivery along with its cost, availability, and extend
of access.
The impact of new technologies and current
publishing economics on other sector of the
communication process, namely, authors, libraries
and allied industries such aggregators and
subscription agents.
18. Open Access Benefits
Research and publication
The researchers have wider visibility and usage of their
research findings through open access.
Increased exposure to research also increases citation rate.
It connects with a global society more easily and
researchers can publish without printing costs
Teaching staff and students
It provides free articles for teaching and learning and no
disparity between rich and poor
To author
It gives a worldwide audience to the author, prestigious or
popular, and demonstrably increases the visibility
Citizens
It accelerates the research into new medicines, useful
technologies, solved problems, and informed decisions that
19. Open Access Benefits
To readers
Readers can have barrier free access to the latest
literature
To Society
The society as a whole benefits from an expanded and
accelerated research with more effectively
Journals and publishers
It makes their articles more visible, discoverable,
retrievable, and useful and this superior visibility to
attract submissions and advertising.
Funding agencies
It increases the return on their investment in research,
making the results of the funded research more widely
available, more discoverable, more retrievable, and
more useful.
20. Open Access Benefits
Governments
It promotes democracy by sharing non-classified
government information as widely as possible
Libraries
Academic librarians want to help faculties increase their
audience and impact, and help the university raise its
research profile.
It solves the pricing and permission crisis for scholarly
journals.
Colleges
Universities benefit from their researchers' increased
impact and increase their visibility
Benefits to Nations
It promotes local research into all interoperable network
21. Barriers to Open Access
High cost of ICTs infrastructures and
connectivity and poor telecommunication
infrastructure:
Adequate Funding to make and promote the
internet infrastructure in developing countries
Inadequate encouragement, lack of
awareness and misconceptions of the
existence and benefits:
Managing IPR (Copy right) through different
publishing agreements
22. Organizations Involved in
promoting OA
Access to knowledge
http://schools.aucegypt.edu/Business/A2K4D/Pages/default.aspx
Alliance for Taxpayer Access http://www.taxpayeraccess.org
Australian Government Open Access and Licensing Framework
http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/
California Open Educational Resources Council
http://coolfored.org/about.html
Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL)
http://www.carl-abrc.ca/advancing-research/scholarly-
communication/open-access/
Center for Research Communication http://crc.nottingham.ac.uk/
Confederation of Open Access Repositories https://www.coar-
repositories.org/
Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org
23. Current Standards to facilitate OA
research publication
Connecting Research and Researchers
(ORCID)http://orcid.org
COUNTER Code of Practice for Articles
http://www.projectcounter.org/counterarticles.html
Creative Commons
(Licenses)http://creativecommons.org
CrossRef http://www.crossref.org
FundRefhttp://www.crossref.org/fundref
IRUS-UK http://www.irus.mimas.ac.uk
ISNI (International Standard NameIdentifier)
http://www.isni.org
Sherpa/Juliet http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php
24. Open Access Publishing
Directories
Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
http://doabooks.org
Directory of Open Access Journals
(DOAJ)http://www.doaj.org
Free Medical
Journals/http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
Institutional Archives Registry http://roar.eprints.org
Open Access Directory
http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Main_Page
Open DOAR http://www.opendoar.org
ROAR http://roarmap.eprints.org
ROAD http://road.issn.org
26. Indian Open Access Journals
Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center
(AIRCC) http://airccse.org
CSIR-NISCAIR Journal
http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/sci.as
p?a=topframe.htm&b=leftcon.a
sp&c=ResearchJournals/rejour/rejour1.htm&d=test
Indian Academy of Science
http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Overview
Indian Medlars Centre MedInd Journals
http://www.indmed.nic.in/medindlist.html
Indian Society for Education and Environment
http://www.iseeadyar.org/index.htm
Medknow Journals http://www.medknow.com
27. Open Access Journal
Publisher
Biomed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com
Computational psychiatry
http://computationalpsychiatry.org
• Intech http://www.intechopen.com
Journal Springer Open
http://journal.chemistrycentral.com
Network
Neurosciencehttp://www.mitpressjournals.org/netn
Open Mind http://open-mind.net
PLoS http://www.plos.org
PeerJ https://peerj.com
28. Open Access E-books
Alex Catalogue of Electronic Texts
http://infomotions.com/alex
Amedeo Challenge http://www.amedeochallenge.com
Authorama http://www.authorama.com
Bartleby http://www.bartleby.com
• DOAB: Directory of Open Access Books
http://doabooks.org
eBooks@Adelaide https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au
OAPEN http://www.oapen.org/home
Open Library https://openlibrary.org
InTech open Books http://www.intechopen.com/books
29. Open Access Standard
Sources
• ECMA International open standards
http://www.ecma-
international.org/publications/standards/Standard.htm
OASIS Open standards https://www.oasis-
open.org/standards
Open Geospatial Consortium
http://www.opengeospatial.org standards
OpenStandards.net http://www.openstandards.net
World Wide Web Consortium open Standard
http://open-stand.org
30. Open Access Patent Sources
IusPat
http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/
quickSearch.do
Esp@cenet http://ep.espacenet.com
Indian Patent Office
http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch
US Patent and Trademark Office
(PTO)http://patft.uspto.gov
31. Open Access ETD Sources
• Australian University Theses & Dissertationshttp:// trove.nla.gov.au
/result? q=+&l-format=Thesis
DiVA portal http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/search.jsf
DART-Europe E-Theses Portalhttp://www.dart-europe.eu/basic-
search.php
Mahatma Gandhi University Online Theses Library
http://www.mgutheses.in
NDTLD /http://www.ndltd.org
Open Access Theses and Dissertations: OATD http://oatd.org
• Open Directory Project Free Dissertations
http://www.dmoz.org/search?q=free+dissertation
OpenThesis.org http://www.openthesis.org
PQDT OPEN: ProQuest Digital Theses
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com
ShodhGanga, India /http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
32. E-print Archive
ArXiv.org http://arxiv.org
CERN Document Server http://cds.cern.ch
Chemical Sciences Repository http://www.rsc.li/repository
Cogprints http://cogprints.org
Cryptology ePrint Archivehttps://eprint.iacr.org
Eprint Networkhttp://www.osti.gov/eprints
HAL-SHS Archive of scientific literaturehttps://halshs.archives-
ouvertes.fr/search/index
HAL open archive Scholarly documents https://hal.archives-
ouvertes.fr/search/index
Institut Nicod Eprints Archive ttp://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr /search
Lanl Arxiv E-Print Archive
https://www.trentu.ca/library/help/databases/lanlarchives
MédiHal open archive of scientific images
https://medihal.archives-ouvertes.fr
34. Consortium of Open courseware
(OCW)
GUIDE - Global Universities in Distance
Educationhttp://www.guideassociation.org
ISSUU: Open Course Ware
Consortiumhttp://issuu.com/ocwconsortium
Japan Opencourseware Consortium (JOCW)
http://www.jocw.jp/index.htm
OCW Consortium Europe
http://www.opencourseware.eu
Open CourseWare Consortium on
Vimeohttp://vimeo.com/ocwconsortium
Ocw Universia Consortium http://ocw.universia.net/en
Taiwan Opencourseware Consortium
35. Open Online Learning Tools
Codecademy http://www.codecademy.com
Courserahttps://www.coursera.org
Duolingo https://www.duolingo.com
Edx/https://www.edx.org
EduTopiahttps://www.edutopia.org/blog/googles-open-
course-builder-todd-finley
Khan Academy https://www.khanacademy.org
Massive Open Online Courses https://www.mooc-list.com
Open Online education
https://edu.google.com/openonline/index.html
Purdue OWLhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl
Queensland University of Technology
https://www.qut.edu.au/study/open-online-learning
36. Virtual Libraries/Subject
Gateways
Hathi Trust Digital Library https://www.hathitrust.org
Infoport/http://infoport.inflibnet.ac.in
Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org
Intute http://www.intute.ac.uk
Social Science Cyber Library
http://www.socsccybraryamu.ac.in/index.php/users-
component/subject-gateways
Vifamath: the Virtual Library of Mathematics
http://vifamath.de
WWW Virtual Library http://vlib.org
WorldWideScience.org http://worldwidescience.oorg
37. Open Access Video Lectures
Academic Earth http://academicearth.org
Bioinformatics Center of BTIS net
https://sites.google.com/a/sgbau.ac.in/bioinformatics-
centre-of-btisnet/open-access-videolectures
Engineering Tube http://engineeringtube.net
Free Lecture videos http://www.freelecturevideos.com
Free Science Videos and Lectures
ttp://www.freesciencelectures.com
Open Yale courses http://oyc.yale.edu
Video Lecture http://videolectures.net