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Acceptable and
          Unacceptable forms of
             Islam on British TV

                                     Ruth Deller
AHRC-funded PhD candidate, Sheffield Hallam University
Acceptable Islam
The Retreat
(BBC Two, 2007)

   ‘She has begun to find that the Qur’an
    answers many of her lifelong intellectual
    questions about the nature of the divine. The
    dream of apparently Sufi sheep has pushed
    her to the brink of a life-changing decision’.
      •Irrationality vs rationality;
      intellectualism
      •Spiritual experiences
      respected but challenged
      •Moments of transformation
      and conversion
The Retreat
(BBC Two, 2007)

   ‘I’ve, I dunno, I mean I feel quite kind of um, I’ve… it gives me
    butterflies actually even saying anything so I feel, not nervous
    exactly, but someone said erm, if this is the one that really feels right
    for you, maybe you should make some kind of um, commitment and
    I felt really split because on one hand I was thinking wow, you know
    maybe I can, you know, and that’s actually I didn’t expect it to be
    appealing but it did seem really exciting actually, but then on the
    other hand I was thinking that’s ridiculous. I’ve been here for three,
    three and a bit weeks. And I was worried about being a hypocrite,
    you know, almost pretending I’m some scholar in something I
    don’t…
       Irrationality vs rationality
       Personal/Individual
       Authenticity
       Experience, journey
The Retreat
(BBC Two, 2007)

   ‘Yes it’s dramatic in that I wasn’t a Muslim five
    minutes ago and now I am but it’s not dramatic
    because I’m not changing who I’m worshipping, um,
    and I’m not changing myself, so yeah, it just feels
    like a kind of natural enhancement… I’ve began to
    feel more and more and more accepted and familiar
    with Islam’.
       •Accepted as ‘me’
       •Change/transformation – but only to a point of
       ‘enhancing’ life
       •Pluralism
       •Quiet, articulate, limited emotion
The Retreat
(BBC Two, 2007)

   ‘I think she’s, she’s the epitome of the English
    Muslim because in the United Kingdom really
    there’s a need to create a culture, not preserve a
    culture, not preserve a Moroccan or an Egyptian or
    a Pakistani or an Indian way, but the need to create
    a British Islam, which meets the spiritual needs of
    the British people, people in modern times’.
       •British/WE sensibilities
       •Rejection of othering and
       ‘excesses’– importance of
       assimilation
       •Spirituality vs religion
Unacceptable Islam
Undercover Mosque
(Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007)




 Video
Undercover Mosque
(Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007)


living in a multicultural society

Dr Mian: You have to live like a state within a state until you take over

and holy war

Sh Feiz: The peak, the pinnacle, the crest, the summit, of Islam, is jihad
Undercover Mosque
(Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007)

Tonight on Dispatches – an ideology of bigotry and intolerance
  spreading through Britain with its roots in Saudi Arabia

Sheikh Yasin: We Muslims have been ordered to do brainwashing

on women’s rights

Abu Usamah: Allah has created the woman deficient

Sh Jibali: If she doesn’t wear hijab, we hit her

gay rights

Abu Usamah: take that homosexual man and throw him from the
  mountain
Undercover Mosque: The Return
(Channel 4 Dispatches, 2008)

   In fact, punishments like throwing homosexuals from the
    top of mountains are nowhere mentioned in the Koran.
    In fact, it’s a hardline interpretation, taught in Saudi
    Arabia.
   Regent’s Park Mosque was set up 60 years ago to
    represent British Muslims to the government. It says its
    role is to help Muslims integrate into British society The
    woman’s circle does preach against terrorism and
    doesn’t incite Muslims to break British laws. But far from
    preaching integration, Um-Saleem says muslims cannot
    take British citizenship. Their loyalty is to Allah… And
    another preacher says muslims shouldn’t be living in
    Britain at all ‘it is not befitting for a Muslim that he should
    reside in the land of evil, the land of the kuffar, the land
    of the dibelievers. A muslim should emigrate to a
    Muslim country’.
Undercover Mosque docs
(Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007/8)

 Threat to British values
 Saudi Arabia as the ‘enemy’
 Fundamentalism vs moderate Islam
 Moderate Muslim talking heads to denounce
  preachers
 What is ‘Islamic’?
 Choice of mosques that promote interfaith and
  multiculturalism – scaremongering?
 Police investigation
 Producer’s claims.
Conclusions

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Acceptable and unacceptable forms of islam on british

  • 1. Acceptable and Unacceptable forms of Islam on British TV Ruth Deller AHRC-funded PhD candidate, Sheffield Hallam University
  • 3. The Retreat (BBC Two, 2007)  ‘She has begun to find that the Qur’an answers many of her lifelong intellectual questions about the nature of the divine. The dream of apparently Sufi sheep has pushed her to the brink of a life-changing decision’. •Irrationality vs rationality; intellectualism •Spiritual experiences respected but challenged •Moments of transformation and conversion
  • 4. The Retreat (BBC Two, 2007)  ‘I’ve, I dunno, I mean I feel quite kind of um, I’ve… it gives me butterflies actually even saying anything so I feel, not nervous exactly, but someone said erm, if this is the one that really feels right for you, maybe you should make some kind of um, commitment and I felt really split because on one hand I was thinking wow, you know maybe I can, you know, and that’s actually I didn’t expect it to be appealing but it did seem really exciting actually, but then on the other hand I was thinking that’s ridiculous. I’ve been here for three, three and a bit weeks. And I was worried about being a hypocrite, you know, almost pretending I’m some scholar in something I don’t…  Irrationality vs rationality  Personal/Individual  Authenticity  Experience, journey
  • 5. The Retreat (BBC Two, 2007)  ‘Yes it’s dramatic in that I wasn’t a Muslim five minutes ago and now I am but it’s not dramatic because I’m not changing who I’m worshipping, um, and I’m not changing myself, so yeah, it just feels like a kind of natural enhancement… I’ve began to feel more and more and more accepted and familiar with Islam’. •Accepted as ‘me’ •Change/transformation – but only to a point of ‘enhancing’ life •Pluralism •Quiet, articulate, limited emotion
  • 6. The Retreat (BBC Two, 2007)  ‘I think she’s, she’s the epitome of the English Muslim because in the United Kingdom really there’s a need to create a culture, not preserve a culture, not preserve a Moroccan or an Egyptian or a Pakistani or an Indian way, but the need to create a British Islam, which meets the spiritual needs of the British people, people in modern times’. •British/WE sensibilities •Rejection of othering and ‘excesses’– importance of assimilation •Spirituality vs religion
  • 8. Undercover Mosque (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007)  Video
  • 9. Undercover Mosque (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007) living in a multicultural society Dr Mian: You have to live like a state within a state until you take over and holy war Sh Feiz: The peak, the pinnacle, the crest, the summit, of Islam, is jihad
  • 10. Undercover Mosque (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007) Tonight on Dispatches – an ideology of bigotry and intolerance spreading through Britain with its roots in Saudi Arabia Sheikh Yasin: We Muslims have been ordered to do brainwashing on women’s rights Abu Usamah: Allah has created the woman deficient Sh Jibali: If she doesn’t wear hijab, we hit her gay rights Abu Usamah: take that homosexual man and throw him from the mountain
  • 11. Undercover Mosque: The Return (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2008)  In fact, punishments like throwing homosexuals from the top of mountains are nowhere mentioned in the Koran. In fact, it’s a hardline interpretation, taught in Saudi Arabia.  Regent’s Park Mosque was set up 60 years ago to represent British Muslims to the government. It says its role is to help Muslims integrate into British society The woman’s circle does preach against terrorism and doesn’t incite Muslims to break British laws. But far from preaching integration, Um-Saleem says muslims cannot take British citizenship. Their loyalty is to Allah… And another preacher says muslims shouldn’t be living in Britain at all ‘it is not befitting for a Muslim that he should reside in the land of evil, the land of the kuffar, the land of the dibelievers. A muslim should emigrate to a Muslim country’.
  • 12. Undercover Mosque docs (Channel 4 Dispatches, 2007/8)  Threat to British values  Saudi Arabia as the ‘enemy’  Fundamentalism vs moderate Islam  Moderate Muslim talking heads to denounce preachers  What is ‘Islamic’?  Choice of mosques that promote interfaith and multiculturalism – scaremongering?  Police investigation  Producer’s claims.