bacteria morphology and anatomy

1. THE BACTERIA
QURATULAIN MUGHAL
BATCH IV
DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
ISRA UNIVERSITY

2. PROCARYOTES
 Are organisms with simple structures.
 The absence of a membrane-bound nucleus.
 They lack intracellular membranous structures such
as mitochondria and chloroplast.
 The structures of sexual reproduction are absent.
 Contain a highly complex substance peptidoglycan in
their cell walls.
 Reproduce themselves by binary fission.
 They are singled-celled organisms.

3. TOXONOMIC SCHEME
 Suggested by ROBERT H. WHITTER.
 All procaryotic cells are placed in KINGDOM
PROCARYOTAE, or MONERA.
PROCARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA

4. BACTERIA
 [Gk. Bacterion, rod]
 It’s the largest group of procaryotic cells.
 All bacteria [singular, bacterium] are unicellular
(but variations are found among them).

5.  Can be identified on the basis of various
characteristics:
Cellular morphology
Staining reactions
Cultural characters
Biochemical characters
Source of energy

6. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

7. SIZE
 Most bacteria are between 1-10 m in length.ɱ

8. SHAPE
 Rod-shaped: bacillus [plural, bacilli]
 Spherical: coccus [ plural, cocci]
 “S”-shaped: spirilla [singular, spirillum]

9. ARRANGEMENT OF BACILLIARRANGEMENT OF BACILLI

10. DIPLOBACILLI
 Divide across their short axis and
remain in the form of a pair.

11. STREPTOBACILLI
 In the form of chain.

12. PALISADE
 Some bacilli line up side-by-side

13. CHINESE LETTER-LIKE
ARRANGEMENT
 Bacilli are aligned at acute angles.

14. ARRANGEMENT OF COCCIARRANGEMENT OF COCCI

15. DIPLOCOCCI
 Single plane and remain in pairs.

16. STREPTOCOCCI
 Single plane and remain attached in short or
long chains.

17. STAPHYLOCOCCI
 Multiple planes and appears in the form of
bunch of grapes.

18. TETRACOCCI
 Divided into two regular planes and form a
group of four cells.

19. SARCINAE
 Divide in three planes and remain attached in
cubical packets of eight cells.

20. TYPES OF SPIRAL BACTERIA

21. VIBRIOS
 Appear as curved rods.

22. SPIRILLA
 Are helical bacteria resembling with a
corkscrew.

23. SPIROCHETES
 Are highly flexible and helical bacteria.

24. GENUS HALOARCULA
 Rectangular and flat in shaped

25. GENUS STELLA
 Star-shaped bacteria.

26. MONOMORPHISM
 Bacteria which remain unchanged through
generations.

27. POLYMORPHISM
 Some bacteria have genetic ability to have
many shapes at a time. And called
POLYMORPHIC.

28. THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
•COMPONENTS OF BACTERIAL CELL
EXTERNAL TO THE CELL WALL
•BACTERIAL CELL WALL
•COMPONENTS INTERNAL TO THE CELL WALL

29. COMPONENTS THAT ARE PRESENT
EXTERNAL TO CELL WALL
 Glycocalyx
 Flagella
 Pili

30. GLYCOCALYX
 A glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that
surrounds the cell membranes of some
bacteria

31. FLAGELLA
 A lash-like appendage that protrudes from
the cell body.
 Bacteria contain flagella called flagellated
bacterium and without flagella called
nonflagellated or aflagellated.

32. TYPES OF FLAGELLAR
ARRANGEMENT

33. LOPHOTRICHOUS
 A bacterial cell with two or more flagella at
one or both poles.

34. AMPHITRICHOUS
 Having a single flagellum at each end

35. PERITRICHOUS
 Having a uniform distribution of flagella over
the body surface.

36. MONOTRICHOUS
 Having a single flagellum at one pole

39. BACTERIAL CELL WALL
 Composed of peptidoglycan
(polysaccharides + protein)
 maintains the overall shape of a bacterial cell
 Mycoplasma are bacteria that have no cell
wall and therefore have no definite shape.

40. COMPONENTS INTERNAL TO THE
CELL WALL
 Cytoplasmic Membrane
 Transmembrane proteins
 Peripheral proteins
 Ribosomes
 Granules