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Pi Ds As A Hazmat Response Tool Unabridged 0207

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Paul Tarter

PID's as a Hazmat response tool.

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[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Training Agenda:
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is a VOC?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples of Industrial PID Usage
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples of Industrial PID Usage
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Examples of Industrial PID Usage
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Uses in HazMat
[object Object],[object Object],Doesn’t LEL measure VOCs?
Wheatstone Bridge LEL Sensor ,[object Object],Detector Compensator Output (+) 4.25 V (-) 1 k  1 k 
Wheatstone Bridge is like a Stove ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is the LEL Sensor Sensitive Enough? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LEL Sensor Cut-Away Methane (CH 4 ) Heavier Hydrocarbons Heavier Hydrocarbons Rejected by the Flame Arrestor Active bead Compensating bead Flame arrestor
LEL Sensor Relative Sensitivity Gas/Vapor LEL (%vol) Sensitivity (%) Acetone 2.2 45 Diesel 0.8 30 Gasoline 1.4 45 Methane 5.0 100 MEK 1.8 38 Propane 2.0 53 Toluene 1.2 40 LEL Sensor sensitivity varies with chemical
LEL Sensor Cal Gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using PIDs for LEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using PIDs for 10% of LEL
Wingtank LEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wingtank LEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =800 ppm is 10% of LEL PID Toxic Sensors LEL
Pulp & Paper Turpentine LEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pulp & Paper Turpentine LEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =800 ppm is 10% of LEL PID Toxic Sensors LEL
Using PIDs for 10% of LEL ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Explosivity Vs Toxicity
LEL Compared to PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
How can we measure in PPM? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Colorimetric Tubes measure in PPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MOS Sensors Measure in PPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Portable GC/MS measures in PPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIDs Measure in PPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs Measure in PPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why aren’t PIDs More Common?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Uses in HazMat
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Initial PPE Assessment with a PID
Initial PPE Assessment with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Initial PPE Assessment with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Leak Detection with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10,000 PPM P erchlorethylene (PERC) 0 PPM PERC
Perimeter Monitoring with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perimeter Monitoring with a PID Gasoline Tank Truck Rollover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perimeter Monitoring with a PID Gasoline Tank Truck Rollover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10,000 PPM Gas 50 PPM (1/2 of TWA) ,[object Object]
Perimeter Monitoring with a PID Gasoline Tank Truck Rollover ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10,000 PPM Gas 600 PPM ,[object Object],[object Object]
Perimeter Monitoring with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Spill Delineation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Spill Delineation ,[object Object]
PIDs for Spill Delineation Limited Absorbent can be Efficiently used only on the Diesel Spill PIDs can help separate the “Water” from the “Oil”
PIDs for Decon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PIDs can help answer these questions:
Using a PID for Remediation
Using a PID for Remediation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using a PID for Remediation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How to do a Headspace Sample:
What is a PID? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How does a PID work? 100.0 ppm Gas enters the instrument It passes by the UV lamp It is now “ ionized” Charged gas ions flow to charged plates in the sensor and current is produced Current is measured and concentration is displayed on the meter. + - + - + - + - + - Gas “Reforms” and exits the instrument intact An optical system using Ultraviolet lamp to breakdown vapors and gases for measurement Photo Ionization Detector
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What does a PID Measure?
What PIDs Do Not Measure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What does a PID Measure?
[object Object]
What does a PID Measure? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8.4 9.24 9.54 9.99 10.1 10.5 10.66 11.32 11.47 12.1 14.01 Some Ionization Potentials (IPs) for Common Chemicals Benzene MEK Vinyl Chloride IPA Ethylene Acetic Acid Methylene chloride Carbon Tet. Carbon Monoxide Styrene Oxygen Ionization Potential (eV) 11.7 eV Lamp 10.6 eV Lamp Not Ionizable 9.8 eV Lamp
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why not always use 11.7 eV Lamps?
Selectivity Vs Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object]
Selectivity Vs Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],Ruler cannot differentiate between yellow and white paper
Selectivity Vs Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],PID can’t differentiate between ammonia & xylene
Selectivity Vs Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selectivity Vs Sensitivity No Correction Factor is used until compound is identified Identify then Quantify!
[object Object],What is a Correction Factor?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What is a Correction Factor?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CF’s measure sensitivity
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CF Example: Toluene
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CF Example: Ammonia
Making a Decision with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Making a Decision with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Making a Decision with a PID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Single Chemical
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Constant Mixtures
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: EL iso & Unknowns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: Varying Mixtures ,[object Object]
PID Alarms: EL iso & Unknowns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: EL iso & Unknowns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: the 50/50 Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],When Measuring in Isobutylene Units and set to 50 ppm RAE PIDs will protect from over 50 of the most common Chemicals: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: EL iso & Unknowns ,[object Object],[object Object]
PID Alarms: EL iso & Unknowns ,[object Object],[object Object]
Integrating Gas Detection Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integrating Gas Detection Techniques The Gas Monitoring Pyramid is a graphic depiction of how to integrate various gas monitoring techniques
Integrating Gas Detection Techniques Tubes Single Gas: CO/O2/LEL Multigas CSE Broadband: MOS Selective: IMS Selective: GC/MS Selective: Tubes Broadband: PID/FID Gas Monitoring Pyramid Selectivity Increases as you move up the Pyramid The Answer
Integrating Gas Detection Techniques Tubes Single Gas: CO/O2/LEL Multigas CSE Broadband: MOS Selective: IMS Selective: GC/MS Selective: Tubes Broadband: PID/FID PID + Tubes Approximates the selectivity of GC/MS w/o the cost Gas Monitoring Pyramid The Answer
Integrating Gas Detection Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues LEL Tubes =The Real Answer PID Toxic Sensors
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Food Warehouse
Food Warehouse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food Warehouse: CO Cross-Sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =Probably Hydrogen gas from forklift batteries PID Toxic Sensors LEL
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Printed Circuit Board Plant
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Printed Circuit Board Plant
Printed Circuit Board Plant ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =CO from shrink wrap machine PID Toxic Sensors LEL
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Home CO Detector
Home CO Detector ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =spray paint set off home CO detector PID Toxic Sensors LEL
Oil Refinery Remediation H 2 S ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Oil Refinery Remediation H 2 S
Oil Refinery Remediation H 2 S ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clues Tubes =a lot of H 2 S is present PID Toxic Sensors LEL
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Home Natural Gas Leak
Home Natural Gas Leak ,[object Object],[object Object]
Home Natural Gas Leak ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],=odorants are very powerful and purvasive Clues Tubes PID Toxic Sensors LEL
Review of Specific PID Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs to Measure Ammonia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Arson Investigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guidelines for Using PIDs for IAQ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Terrorist Chemical Attacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Terrorist Chemical Attacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PIDs for Terrorist Chemical Attacks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],IMS SAW Tubes PID =CWA =TIC
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using PIDs in Clan Lab Investigations
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PID: Tubing
How Humidity Affects PIDs ,[object Object],[object Object],Short Lightpath Long Lightpath
PID: Maintenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PID: Maintenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A PID is like a Magnifying Glass ,[object Object],Identify then Quantify! Benzene Ammonia Carbon Disulfide Styrene Xylene Jet Fuel PERC
Questions?
RAE PID Products
RAE PIDs: ToxiRAE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RAE PIDs: MultiRAE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RAE PIDs: MiniRAE 2000
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RAE PIDs: ppbRAE
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RAE PIDs: AreaRAE Local Area Monitoring ( ISM )

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Pi Ds As A Hazmat Response Tool Unabridged 0207

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  • 13. LEL Sensor Cut-Away Methane (CH 4 ) Heavier Hydrocarbons Heavier Hydrocarbons Rejected by the Flame Arrestor Active bead Compensating bead Flame arrestor
  • 14. LEL Sensor Relative Sensitivity Gas/Vapor LEL (%vol) Sensitivity (%) Acetone 2.2 45 Diesel 0.8 30 Gasoline 1.4 45 Methane 5.0 100 MEK 1.8 38 Propane 2.0 53 Toluene 1.2 40 LEL Sensor sensitivity varies with chemical
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  • 17. Using PIDs for 10% of LEL
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  • 45. PIDs for Spill Delineation Limited Absorbent can be Efficiently used only on the Diesel Spill PIDs can help separate the “Water” from the “Oil”
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  • 47. Using a PID for Remediation
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  • 51. How does a PID work? 100.0 ppm Gas enters the instrument It passes by the UV lamp It is now “ ionized” Charged gas ions flow to charged plates in the sensor and current is produced Current is measured and concentration is displayed on the meter. + - + - + - + - + - Gas “Reforms” and exits the instrument intact An optical system using Ultraviolet lamp to breakdown vapors and gases for measurement Photo Ionization Detector
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  • 56. What does a PID Measure? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8.4 9.24 9.54 9.99 10.1 10.5 10.66 11.32 11.47 12.1 14.01 Some Ionization Potentials (IPs) for Common Chemicals Benzene MEK Vinyl Chloride IPA Ethylene Acetic Acid Methylene chloride Carbon Tet. Carbon Monoxide Styrene Oxygen Ionization Potential (eV) 11.7 eV Lamp 10.6 eV Lamp Not Ionizable 9.8 eV Lamp
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  • 62. Selectivity Vs Sensitivity No Correction Factor is used until compound is identified Identify then Quantify!
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  • 92. Integrating Gas Detection Techniques The Gas Monitoring Pyramid is a graphic depiction of how to integrate various gas monitoring techniques
  • 93. Integrating Gas Detection Techniques Tubes Single Gas: CO/O2/LEL Multigas CSE Broadband: MOS Selective: IMS Selective: GC/MS Selective: Tubes Broadband: PID/FID Gas Monitoring Pyramid Selectivity Increases as you move up the Pyramid The Answer
  • 94. Integrating Gas Detection Techniques Tubes Single Gas: CO/O2/LEL Multigas CSE Broadband: MOS Selective: IMS Selective: GC/MS Selective: Tubes Broadband: PID/FID PID + Tubes Approximates the selectivity of GC/MS w/o the cost Gas Monitoring Pyramid The Answer
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