2. After this Session you shall be able to
define or understand…..
What is personality
What are the various types of personality
Factors affecting personality
What is personality development
The importance of developing personality (Nursing)
Facilitators and Barriers in Nursing Leader’s
Participation in Health Policy Development
Developing personality
Personal development activities
3. PERSONALITY
• It is the sum total of all
physical, mental and
emotional attitudes,
values, interests and
motivational factors.
• It is the totality of the
person and not merely
external looks, but
character, behavioral
traits and attitude
towards life.
4. TYPES OF PERSONALITY
Based on the temperament theory there are four
fundamental personality types…
Sanguine (Popular): described primarily as
being highly talkative, enthusiastic, active, and
social.
Choleric (Powerful): tend to be more
extroverted, independent, decisive, goal-
oriented, and ambitious.
Melancholic (perfect): tend to be
analytical and detail-oriented, deep thinkers
and feelers.
Phlegmatic (Peaceful): tend to be relaxed,
peaceful, quiet, and easy-going. Sympathetic
and care about others, yet they try to hide
their emotions.
5. TYPES OF PERSONALITY
16 Personality Types Based on Myers–Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI)…
The Myers–BriggsType Indicator
(MBTI) constructed by Katharine
Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel
Briggs Myers is an introspective self-
report questionnaire with the purpose
of indicating differing psychological
preferences in how people perceive the
world around them and make decisions.
It is based on the conceptual theory
proposed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl
Jung.
Note: None of these 16 personality types is "better" or "worse”
7. FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY
The major determinants of personality of an individual
can be studied under four broad heads….
Biological factors:
- Heredity: determines a person’s
temperament.
- Brain influences the personality.
- Physical stature also influence on
the personality of an individual.
Family factors:
Family, social factors and
environment created by parents at
home are also important in shaping
individual’s personality.
Situational Factors:
- Knowledge, skill language, a situation acquired by a person can be termed
as learned modifications of behaviour and this determines a person’s action.
- Therefore, the situation may potentially have a very big impact on the
actions and expressions of a person.
Cultural Factors:
Apart from the family background, social class also leaves an imprint on the
personality of an individual
9. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
• Development of
the organized pattern
of behaviors and
attitudes that makes a
person distinctive
through the interaction
of temperament ,
character, and
environment.
11. IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING
Nurses, as people, are of
decisive importance for the
quality of care.Their
personalities affect the
character of nursing
relationships and their
behaviour involves openness to
the needs of others and treating
patients as a whole (Bendz,
1995).
12. IMPORTANCE OF PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING
1. Nurses constitute the largest health care workforce in most countries.
Nurses can make major contribution in promoting and shaping effective
health policy and ensures that health care is safe, of a high quality, accessible
and affordable.
2. There is a window of opportunity to enhance national nurse leaders'
participation in health policy development.
3. Nurse leaders have a key role in mentoring, supporting and developing
future nurse policy makers.
4. When nurses are involved and successfully influence the health policy
development, there are clear benefits to the patient, the profession and the
nurse.
Through the Personality Development and Skill Enhancement
Nursing Professional Can take a Major Role in Developing Good
Health Care Policies and Programs.
13. FACTORS AS FACILITATORSTO
NURSE LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN
HEALTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT
1. Being involved
- Nurse leaders must have
opportunities to participate in
forums where policies are
formulated by policy makers
Nurse leaders must have
opportunities to be included
by policy makers at every stage
of the health policy
development process
- Nurse leaders must
participate actively in the
entire policy making process
when given the opportunity to
participate
2. Being knowledgeable and skilled
(health Policy development)
Nurse leaders must be knowledgeable and
skilled in the health policy development
activities at all levels
3. Being supported
- Availability of role models to learn to
participate in policy development process e.g.
directors of medical services
- Receive supportive mentorship from leaders
involved in and actively participated in health
policy development
- Need to have networks for support and to
share experiences on policy related issues
14. FACTORS AS FACILITATORSTO
NURSE LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN
HEALTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT
4. Positive image of nursing.
- Nurse leaders’ input must be
respected by policy maker
- Nurse leaders with the ability
(right credentials) should be
nominated to national leadership
positions
- Nurse leaders must engage
policy makers to ensure a bottom
up and top down approach during
the entire policy development
process
- Nurse leaders must have the
ability to engage the media to
change the image of nursing
5. Enabling structures:
A legislature which ensures that national
nurse leaders are included in the health
policy development process
- Nursing must have a director of nursing
services who is at par with the director of
medical services at the ministry of health.
- Leadership positions must be allocated
for nurse leaders at policy making levels.
- Enhance the representation of nurse
leaders at national policy making level
- Policy makers must ensure that they
have a gender balance (Women and men)
from the nursing profession at the health
policy development positions.
15. FACTORS AS FACILITATORSTO
NURSE LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN
HEALTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT
6.Available resources:
- Nurse leaders must have resources allocated for their participation in policy
development activities e.g. financial, material and human
- Nurse leaders must be able to mobilise funds to finance policy making
activities
16. FACTORS AS BARRIERSTO NURSE
LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
The aforementioned facilitators can also be a barriers in absence of
commitment, knowledge and support
1. Lack of involvement emerged as a barrier to nurse leaders’ participation
in the health policy development process e.g.
- Nurse leaders’ input is called upon on an ad hoc basis or are not part of the
full policy process
- They lack forums to discuss policy problems and agenda items within nursing
at national level
- Lack of experience necessary for active participation in the health policy
development process
- Inability to actively participate in the policy process when given the
opportunity
- There is poor planning by the nurse leaders on the process of problem
identification and agenda setting
17. FACTORS AS BARRIERSTO NURSE
LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
2. Lack of knowledge, skills and support: emerged as barriers to nurse
leaders’ participation in policy activity.These included: lack of tertiary
education, lack of knowledge pertaining to health policy development process
and throughout the stages of policy development, as well as lack of support
and confidence
3. Lack of Supports: lack a supportive environment in terms of mentorship
and encouragement and lack of confidence to air their views, related to policy
issues, to the policy makers
4. Negative image of nursing emerged as a barrier and includes:
- Nurse leaders’ potential contribution to the policy process is not recognized
as significant by the policy makers
- Nurse leaders’ lack of opportunity to be involved in the policy development
process by the policy makers
18. FACTORS AS BARRIERSTO NURSE
LEADERS’ PARTICIPATION IN HEALTH
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
5. Lack of enabling structures is also identified as a barrier to nurse
leaders’ participation in health policy and included: institutional structures and
systems exclude nurse leaders; health policies are developed at national level
and then rolled down to other levels; inadequate representation of nurse
leaders; policy making positions are given to doctors; and other health
professionals including doctors represent nurses and nursing issues at health
policy development forums.
6. Lack of available resources: emerged as a barrier for nurse leaders’
participation in health policy development.These includes :
- Lack of financial, material and human resources to implement health policy
- Lack of funds and resources to attend the forums at which the policies are
developed
19. HOWTO DEVELOP PERSONALITY
Developing your personality starts with understanding
yourself. By understanding more about yourself, you
can let your positive qualities shine through.
Methods of Personality
Development
1. Evaluating yourself
2. Focusing on Positive
Personality Trait
3. Avoiding Negative
Personality Trait
4. Believing In yourself
20. (a)Write down five personalities traits
about yourself. at least one good personality
trait in yourself, atleast one personality trait
that is bothering you in some way. Don't use
your physical appearance as a way to describe
yourself.
(b)Evaluate the positive and negative.
Check you have more negative or positive
(c)Identify activities you enjoy.
No matter the activity, it's important to learn
how to interact with and respect others.
(d)Assess what you want to improve.
Think about what is bothering you in
particular about your personality.Think how
you can improve your (anxiety, anger, temper,
shyness, fearfulness, awkwardness, loneliness,
sadness, depression, stubbornness, irritability,
frustration, lack of trust and arrogance).
1. EvaluatingYourself:
21. (a) Find your confidence:
<Identify ways to feel and look
confident> <good body language>
<Maintain good eye contact>
<Smile> <Look interested in what
others say and do> <Gain
confidence by focusing on the
positive things> <Think about any
recent events in which you worked
hard, did well in something, or
overcame a struggle> <Remember
these times, rather than the times
where you messed up>.
(b) Be open to new experiences:
be adventurous and consider trying
other things.Well, that's what a class
is for--to improve, to explore, to
create a new way of thinking.
2. Focusing on Positive PersonalityTrait:
(c) Be agreeable and friendly:
Listen and understand another person's
perspective. Listen without interruption.
Remain kind and polite even when
others are rude.Avoid picking a fight
when someone disagrees with you.
(d) Be respectful and humble:
be humble not jealous. Respect that
each person. Self-control.
Forgive.Avoid dwelling on past mistakes,
be future-oriented. Focus on how you
can give rather than take.
(e) Have resilience: It's a belief that
you can persevere. Focus on how to be
strong in your daily life. Develop your
resilience by not taking things too
seriously.Avoid being disheartened or
disillusioned
22. 3.Avoiding Negative PersonalityTrait
(a) Avoid rigidity and stubbornness: Imagine that things can be confusing,
unclear, and grey. Imagine alternative ways of understanding a situation or
person. Avoid assuming that there is no alternative way of thinking.
(b) Exercise patience rather than anger: Find ways to stay calm and
patient. Identify ways to control your anger. Look at what triggers your
frustration, and find ways to reduce these stressors.
(c) Help others more: Focus on how you can help others (your family,
relatives, friends, neighbours, classmates, or co-workers). Branch out of
your comfort zone. Give back to your community.
(d) Speak up more: Stand up for yourself and others. Learn to say what you
want to say without fear of rejection or judgment. Consider taking a public
speaking course.Try talking more often with acquaintances through school,
social gatherings, work. Build your communication skill.
(e) Stop comparing yourself too much to others: If you continue to
dwell on what you don't have, you miss out on appreciating what you do
have. Be grateful for you've got.Appreciate what the world has to offer
rather than fixating on how you've been ill-treated.
23. 4. Believing InYourself
(a)Remember that each person is unique:
Don't pretend to be someone that you're not.
Uniqueness in your personality is itself an attractive quality.
Avoid seeing your personality as static. You will likely change over time.
(b)Find your inner happiness:
What gives you peace? What makes you feel calm, relaxed, and rested.
Do relaxing activities. Meditate. Listen to music.Take a walk in nature.
Take time for yourself.
(c)Focus on loving yourself:
Developing a sense of yourself and your own unique personality starts and
ends with loving yourself.
Appreciate who you are and what you have to offer to others.
Avoid negative talk or thinking. If there are others putting you down, avoid
defining yourself on their terms.
Find supports that boost your positive personality traits.
Find others that welcome you, and make you feel loved.
Be kind to yourself every day.
25. 1. GREAT COMMUNICATION SKILL
Especially in healthcare, where communication is a matter of life and death,
nursing professional in all program tracks prioritize communication skills
through
(a) Listening:
Focusing on what the other person is saying, and not beginning to thinking
about a response until they’re done speaking.
(b) Ask questions and repeat what you heard
Asking questions demonstrates that you’re interested in what the other
person has to say, it keeps both parties engaged, and — especially important in
healthcare — asking questions ensures there’s no misunderstanding.
(c) Keep your audience in mind
In healthcare, you may have to deliver news that your patient doesn’t want to
hear. Keep your patient’s situation in mind as you communicate with them.
TOP 5 PERSONALITYTRAITS NEEDED
IN HEALTH CARE
26. 2. EMPATHETIC AND EMOTIONAL STABILITY
What is clinical empathy? The Society for General Internal Medicine
defines empathy as “the act of correctly acknowledging the emotional state of
another without experiencing that state oneself.”
Emotional stability is your ability to stay calm under pressure. It is the other
part of being empathetic (see above definition)
As a nurse or other healthcare worker, you’ll care for people who are in great
pain, or whose loved one is suffering — or worse.Your patients will appreciate
your empathy, kindness, and emotional stability.
TOP 5 PERSONALITYTRAITS NEEDED IN
HEALTH CARE (Contd.)
3. HEALTHY AND PHYSICALLY STRONG
Living a healthy lifestyle is a good goal for anyone working in healthcare. <being
healthy role models> ; <jobs in this field are very physical>.
Physical requirements of healthcare workers include the ability to:
•Lift 100 pounds; •Move, adjust, and manipulate equipment.
•Lift and transfer patients to wheelchairs or hospital beds.
•Work for prolonged periods of time without a break.
27. 4.ATTENTIONTO DETAIL
You’ve heard the saying “the devil is in the details.” The best-laid plans fall
to pieces when unexpected details get in the way. Paying close attention to
details is important in every job, but it’s critical in healthcare when lives are on
the line.
TOP 5 PERSONALITYTRAITS NEEDED IN
HEALTH CARE (Contd..)
5. FLEXIBLE PERSONALITY
Flexible thinking means considering all the options. It’s understanding that,
what you have in mind is not only the possibility.
Flexible thinking is one of the keys to finding fulfilment as a healthcare
professional, and it’s key to being great at your job.
Flexible thinkers consider different diagnoses and solutions for their
patients, which lead to better patient outcomes.
Happy healthcare workers are flexible healthcare workers.
The unpredictability of many a nurse’s schedule is the stuff of legend.
If you get upset when you can’t plan months in advance or have to work a
holiday, healthcare might not be the best career for you.
