this is business

1. College Name:
Student Name: Asma Parveen S.
IV Sem B. Com ‘B’
130403
Guide: Mrs. Agnes
St. Philomena’s Degree(Autonomous) College
Mysore

2. A Presentation on

3. Agricuture is the science of cultivating the soil, harvesting crops,
and raising livestock and also as the science or art of the production of
plants and animals useful to man and in varying degrees the
preparation of such products for man's use and their disposal.

4. Agriculture represents a core part of the Indian economy and provides food and
livelihood activities to much of the Indian population. While the magnitude of impact
varies greatly by region, climate change is expected to impact on agricultural
productivity and shifting crop patterns. The policy implications are wide-reaching, as
changes in agriculture could affect food security, trade policy, livelihood activities and
water conservation issues, impacting large portions of the population.
What is the importance of Agriculture for our country?
Agriculture, for decades, had been associated with the production of basic food
crops. Agriculture and farming were synonymous so long as farming was not
commercialized. But as the process of economic development accelerated, many more
other occupations allied to farming came to be recognized as a part of agriculture.
Thus, agriculture may be defined as the production, processing, marketing and
distribution of crops and livestock products. According to Webster's Dictionary,
"agriculture is the art or science of production of crops and livestock on farm."
At present, agriculture besides farming includes forestry, fruit cultivation, dairy,
poultry, mushroom, bee keeping, arbitrary, etc. Today, marketing, processing,
distribution of agricultural products etc. are all accepted as a part of modern
agriculture.

5. 8. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources:
9. Vast Employment Opportunities:
1. Source of Livelihood:
2. Contribution to National Income:
3. Supply of Food and Fodder:
4. Importance in International Trade:
5. Marketable Surplus:
6. Source of Raw Material:
7. Importance in Transport:
10. Overall Economic Development:
11. Source of Saving:
12. Source of Government Income:
13. Basis of Economic Development:
What is the importance of Agriculture for our country?

6. EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
• Climate change may have beneficial as well as detrimental consequences
for agriculture.
• A warming climate and decreasing soil moisture can also result in increasing
need for irrigation.
• Benefits to agriculture might be offset by an increased likelihood of heat
waves, drought, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.
• With the virtually certain likelihood of warmer and more frequent hot
days and nights, there are projected to be increased insect outbreaks
impacting agriculture, forestry and ecosystems. (IPCC ).

7. Direct effect on crop
growth
•Physiology
•Morphology
Indirect effects
•Soil Fertility
•Irrigation availability
•Pest
•Flood & droughts
Socio economic
•Policy
•Trade
•Farmer’s response
Human interventions
Adaptation strategies
Mitigation strategies
Agricultural Production &
vulnerability
CLIMATE CHANGE
PREDICTED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE

9. These Are The agricultural Lands Affected By Climate Change

10. How does agriculture influence climate change?
The primary sources of greenhouse gases in agriculture are the
production of nitrogen based fertilizers; the combustion of fossil
fuels such as coal, gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas; and waste
management.
The second biggest direct emitter in agriculture is animals. When
digesting fodder, animals produce and emit large amounts of
methane; a potent greenhouse gas.
One of the biggest problems in industrialized agriculture is the
massive overuse of fertilizers. More than 50 percent of all fertilizer
applied to the soil ends up in the atmosphere or in local waterways.

11. India and Agriculture
• Population : 1.14 Billion
• GDP from Agriculture : 18.6 % (2005)
(Source: Map of India.com)
• Area under Agriculture : 37.8% (124.14 mha)
(Source: npcm team)
• Population dependent on Agriculture : 66%
(Source: EconomyWatch.com)
• Average farm size: : 1 to5 ha

12. Potential Impact of Climate Change on Wheat
Production in India

13. Effect of Climate Change on Soyabean
•According to studies, soybean yields could go up by as much
as 50 per cent if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere doubles.
•If this increase in carbon dioxide is accompanied by an
increase in temperature, as expected, then soybean yields could
actually decrease. If the maximum and minimum temperatures
go up by 1°C and 1.5°C respectively, the gain in yield comes
down to 35 per cent.

14. Potential Impact of Climate Change
on Rice Production in India
 Overall, temperature increases are predicted to reduce rice
yields. An increase of 2-4ºC is predicted to result in a reduction in
yields.
 Although additional CO2 can benefit crops, this effect was
nullified by an increase of temperature.

15. How Does Agriculture Influence Climate Change?
 The primary sources of greenhouse gases in agriculture are the
production of nitrogen based fertilizers; the combustion of fossil fuels
such as coal, gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas; and waste
management. One of the biggest problems in industrialized agriculture
is the massive overuse of fertilizers. More than 50 percent of all fertilizer
applied to the soil ends up in the atmosphere or in local waterways.
 The second biggest direct emitter in agriculture is animals. When
digesting fodder, animals produce and emit large amounts of methane;
a potent greenhouse gas.

16.  In 2005, agriculture accounted for 10 to 12 percent of total global human
caused emissions of greenhouse gases, according to the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007).
 Agriculture also has a serious indirect effect on climate change. Cutting
down forests and other natural cover to provide agricultural land for
grazing, growing animal feed and other crops, removes key ‘carbon sinks’ –
plants and soils that absorb carbon from the atmosphere – and increases
global warming.
 20% reduction in the global area of forests during the last 140 years
releasing about 120 GT C to the atmosphere.

17. Agriculture’s role in mitigating climate change
There are several adaptation measures that the agricultural sector
can undertake to cope with future climate change.
These include:
Changing planting dates;
 Planting different varieties or crop species; Development and
promotion of alternative crops;
 Developing new drought and heat-resistant varieties;
 Improved crop residue and weed management;
 More use of water harvesting techniques,
 Better pest and disease control for crops;
 Implementing new or improving existing irrigation systems
 (Reducing water leakage, soil moisture conservation – mulching)

18.  Several farming practices and technologies can reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and prevent climate change by enhancing carbon storage in soils;
preserving existing soil carbon; and reducing carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide emissions.
 Protecting the soil: If we continue to treat our soil like dirt, one of the
most precious resources of humankind is under serious threat. Industrial
agriculture degrades the soil and leaches it of all its nutrients, resulting in a
soil that has one of the lowest carbon contents. By increasing the carbon
content through a variety of measures such as cover crops, agricultural
soils can be turned into carbon sinks and can greatly reduce agriculture’s
contribution to climate change.
 Land restoration and land use changes: Modifications to grazing
practices, such as implementing rotational grazing and seasonal use of
rangelands. Converting marginal cropland to trees or grass maximizes
carbon storage.
Methane should be used: Methane can be used to fuel a variety of on-farm
applications, as well as to generate electricity.

19. What Are The Implications Of
These Predictions?
 Changes in yield of certain crops can affect imports/exports,
depending on the crop (this is particularly relevant for cash crops).
 Because impacts vary significantly according to whether crops are
rain fed or irrigated, water policy will need to consider the implications
for water demand of agricultural change due to climate change.
 Policy-makers will also need to consider adaptive measures to cope
with changing agricultural patterns. Measures may include the
introduction of the use of alternative crops, changes to cropping
patterns, and promotion of water conservation and irrigation
techniques.

20. Water policy: Because impacts vary significantly according to whether
crops are rain fed or irrigated, water policy will need to consider the
implications for water demand of agricultural change due to climate
change.
Changes to India's annual monsoon are expected to result in severe
droughts and intense flooding in parts of India. Scientists predict that by
the end of the century the country will experience a 3 to 5°C
temperature increase and a 20% rise in all summer monsoon rainfall.
source: UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI)
In India agricultural production is often determined by the whims of
nature. The climate change is expected to result in higher temperatures
and rainfall. So naturally, the impacts of climate change will be of far
reaching consequence for India.

21. Conclusion
The climate change will have impact on agriculture, and
agriculture is the livelihood and most of the Indian population is
dependent on it. The country should set up a National Food
Security Board, to be headed by the Prime Minister, and
establish at least 50 huge modern storages to build stocks of
food grains to counter any emergency. He finally stressed the
adoption of alternative crops to suit different weather models, a
strategy that may help immensely in times of poor monsoon.