Engineering Management challenge of Renewable Energy, Micro Wind Turbine

1. Engineering and Management Challenge of Micro Wind Turbine (MWT)
Anjar Priandoyo | 2014

2. •[1] http://www.3tier.com/en/support/resource-maps
•[2] http://www.martinot.info/Martinot_et_al_AR27.pdf ource: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images and Christopher Thomond
•[3] http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jan/27/feed-in-tariffs-renewable-energy
•[4] http://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/jun/08/wind-turbines-bempton-flamborough- david-hockney-yorkshire
•Energy Consumption: Developing countries have 80% population but consume only 30% global energy
•Electrification Ratio: India 75%, Indonesia 73%, Pakistan 68%, Bangladesh 60% ~ 500mill (EU population)
•When and How the Renewable Energy become the solution of this problem
•Why Micro Wind Turbine can be the solution
Wind Energy is Complicated

3. A literature review undertaken on the area of Micro Wind Turbine (MWT)
Micro Wind Turbine – Research Methodology
Policy Challenge
Production vs Consumption
Wind Turbine
Micro Wind Turbine (MWT)
Renewable Energy
Object
Dimension
http://www.renewableenergy.jp/council/english/renewableenergy.html
Implementation Challenge
Technology vs Management
Critical Evaluation
Effectiveness & Efficiency
•Scopus, sorting by most cited, in the latest 10 years, using “Micro Wind Turbine” keyword
•12 journal cross topic (Policy, Efficiency, Building, Renewable, Power System, Conversion)
19 journal, from 3 countries on Management & Technology aspect of MWT
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4. 0
50
100
150
200
250
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Management and techno dimension of MWT
History of MWT
Management
Technology
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3
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
Not for Urban [1]
Control System [17]
Economic Challenge [3,9]
Not for Urban [2]
Grid based [7]
Battery [10]
Not for Urban [16]
Rural MWT [19]
LIfecycle [14]
Design Improvement [4,5,11,13]
Roof top
[16]
MWT Design
[20]
Adoption [8]
Rural MWT [18]
Rural MWT [15]
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5. Research Limitation
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Sustainability: Climate & Environment
Competitiveness
Security of Supply
Instrumentation and automation: Wind turbines are heavily computerized today to adjust to maximize power output in different wind conditions.
Wind turbine height: the wind is stronger higher off of the ground and taller wind turbines can catch more of it.
Mechanical efficiency: wind turbines have slowly evolved to eliminate unnecessary gearing and friction. Many now have no gearboxes at all, significantly reducing complexity and gearing related losses.
Specialization: Lower wind conditions get bigger blades and smaller generators. Higher wind conditions get narrower blades and larger generators.
Aerodynamic improvements: The blades cut through the air better and generate more aerodynamic lift due to advances in their shape and changes to their shape through their length to accommodate different relative air speeds between tip and hub.
Optimized maintenance: Well understood and costed best practices for maintaining specific wind turbines in specific conditions, ensure that they maintain the optimal balance, lubrication and uptime.
Robustness: Wind turbines are now large scale machines with better tolerance for high-winds, icing and other realities of exposed structures. Wind turbine failure, while it makes for spectacular pictures and videos, is extremely rare.
Wind modeling: Understanding and modeling of wind conditions at specific sites is much more accurate now than 20 years ago. This allows the right wind turbines to be selected and sited to maximize use of the wind resource in the specific location.
Advanced coatings: Manufacturers are now applying advanced coatings which deteriorate much more slowly on blades, especially the leading edge. This increases laminar flow and maintains aerodynamic efficiency for longer.
Advanced materials: Materials for blades are being refined regularly, with stronger and lighter blades enabling increased robustness and increased efficiency.
Political of Energy
Energy Policy
http://www.quora.com/What-are-some-innovations-in-wind-energy

6. Supply and demand of electricity, consumer approach on motivation and adoption are key driver in MWT research
Management Aspect
Electricity Demand
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Lifecycle of MWT
Production, Distribution, Instalation, Operation
Consumer Motivation
Adoption of technology
Electricity Production

7. MWT offer a cheap solution for micro generation
Technology Aspect of MWT
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Wind Analysis
Blade & Rotor
Electrical Control
Battery
Approach vs Field Discipline
Electrical
Physic

8. Remote/Rural
•MWT is effective used for micro generation in rural and remote area
•Research indicated that the MWT is effective to be used for micro generation in rural and remote area [15] [18] [19]
MWT is competitive for rural and remote area
Analysis 1
Urban
•MWT will not be effectively implemented in urban and domestic area.
•MWT will have challenge in economic, social and lifecycle
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9. Electrical Control found to be effective, although some factors e.g rooftop play significant contribution
Analysis 2
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•Maximum efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions is expected [4]. The electrical control study is important since MWT may operate in various condition
•The development of this control system based on floating point technology allows the easy implementation of highly complex and accurate control algorithms [17]
•The study indicating on how the wind flow characteristics are strongly dependent on the profile of the roofs [6]

10. MWT implementation is complex and the comparison between RE is poorly understood [16]
Analysis 3
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•Micro-generation is seen as an important technology to help deliver low carbon dwellings. In addition to technical benefits such as
•Electricity generation at the point of use,
•Low cost mounting using the building as the fixing point and
•Positive contribution to the carbon rating of a building
•Micro-generation can promote energy usage reduction through behaviour change
•The performance of building mounted turbines within the trial was generally very poor. This is not due to any particular design of turbine but simply that the wind resource around buildings at these turbine heights is generally too low to be of economic use [16]
•The study of MWT that using case study in Mongolia, Peru and Nicaragua for example mention that the locations of MWT must be carefully chosen with among others [18]

11. What future MWT would be
Conclusion
Summary
1.Current MWT is not effectively to be used for electricity micro generation in urban area
2.The difficulty of MWT adoption can be caused by economic, social and lifecycle
3.MWT is effective used for micro generation in rural and remote area
4.Future enhancement of MWT can be from many aspects such as rotor design, electrical control, placement who can improve the MWT performance.
Suggestion
1.Further classification and taxonomy on renewable energy especially on MWT is established. So the researcher can be easy to understand what interrelated and interdependent topic that might give advantage during the research
2.Cross field research need to be encouraged e.g research that combine both of environment and energy policy
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