The review of literature to the two upavisa from classical text of Ayurveda were evaluated with relation to latest experimental results.

1. Role of Upavisa in Infertility
caused by drug dependence
- Review study.
Prerok Regmi 1, Ravikrishna S 2, Chaithra H3 .
1 PG Scholar, Agadatantra Department, SDM college of Ayurveda, Udupi,
Karnataka, India
2Associate Professor, Agadatantra Department, SDM college of Ayurveda,
Udupi, Karnataka, India
3 Professor and HOD, Agadatantra Department, SDM college of Ayurveda,
Udupi, Karnataka, India

2. INTRODUCTION
Upavisa (~subpoison) are listed in the schedule-E of Drugs and
Cosmetics Act 1940.
Drug dependence has been defined as a cluster of behavioral, cognitive
and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance
use.
Chemical extract of alkaloids are used in medicinal purpose extensively.
The major issue to those chemically extracted medicine is drug
dependence leading to drug abuse.
Impact of Drug abuse: Potent Upavisa are illegal in trade and
commercial purpose.

3. Drug dependence changes in hormone levels that affect sperm
movement and lead to infertility.
Women had a slightly elevated risk for infertility due to an ovulatory
abnormality due to substance use disorder.
 Illicit drug use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, marijuana, opioid
narcotics, cocaine etc. are mentioned major cause factor of
infertility.
Upavisa are added in different formulation for medicinal purpose
after Sodhana procedure.
This study aims to review two Upavisa with special reference to
infertility & drug dependency.

4. METHODS:
1. The literature of Upavisa "Bhang“ and "Ahiphen" from classical text
of Ayurveda were evaluated with relation to infertility.
2. Upavisa "Bhang“ and "Ahiphen" and their impact is searched in
peer reviewed journal articles.

5. RESULTS: 1
• Ahiphena (Papaver somniferum linn ) : It is strength promoter and
induces rejuvination (बल्यानि वृष्याणि ). Continuous use for the
longer period causes impotency (मुहुमोहकरं रुच्यं
सेविात्ुंस्ततविाशिम्) (Bhavprakash Nighantu)
• Bhanga (Cannabis sativa): It overcomes the diseases/ or sufferings. In
a small quantity, it improves fertility (ग्रहण्यमल््मात्रायां वृष्ययोगे
युज्यत्) (Priya Nighantu).

6. RESULTS: 2
Pubmed
(Morphine)
AND Infertility
N= 19
(Cannabis)
AND Infertility
N=27
(Upavisa)
AND Infertility
N = Number of search
items.
AND= Pubmed
Boolean Operator

7. RESULTS
Morphine (obtained from Ahiphene) alone induces
anovulatory infertility due to hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary
axis dysfunction.
Combinational treatment of noscapine (opium alkaloids) and
paclitaxel improve efficacy in human prostate cancer
treatment.
Morphine with Genistein administration increase the quality
of spermatozoa and prevent morphine- induced adverse
effects on sperm parameters.
 Interrelations between the endocannabinoid system and
the activity of the endocrine system showing therapeutic
target proving effective on infertility treatment. (Borowska M,
2018)
Papaver somniferum

8. Cannabidiol and cannabidivarin (natural
cannabinoids of Cannabis) damage the genetic
material, signaling interferes with trophoblast
biology.
Marijuana plays in disrupting the hypothalamus-
pituitary-gonadal axis, spermatogenesis, and
sperm function such as motility, capacitation, and
the acrosome reaction.
In combination of Melatonin and vitamin C
ameliorate whereas exacerbate C. sativa-induced
testicular damage when administered separately
Cannabis sativa

9. DISCUSSION
There is increase of the efficacy with addition of two or more
compounds or Interrelations of endocannabinoid system.
The extracted single chemical showing adverse effect causing
infertility and drug dependency.
 But in combination or formulation form, their effect is decreased
and drug habituation is also minimum.

10. CONCLUSION
• The use of the drugs in formulation or combination method as per
Ayurveda is beneficial for prevention of infertility caused by drug
dependence or infertility due to other causes.
• Prioritization of toxin reduction by Shodhan in comparison to
extraction & addition of the complementary ingredients.
• Promoting drugs Legal Framer- Pharma-Patient networking
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