We wanted to translate the concepts in empowerment theory into every day language in order to communicate clearly with people who are carrying out the YES curriculum. The theory has three primary components: intrapersonal empowerment, interpersonal empowerment, and behavioral empowerment. We express these as: “feeling”, “connecting” and “doing”. Feeling refers to the beliefs and perceptions that you have about yourself. Connecting refers to your relationships with others and with the surrounding environment. Doing refers to the actions that you take that affect your surroundings and yourself. Each of these aspects of empowerment can be measured by several psychological constructs. These are reflected in our model by simple statements, such as “I am good at leading groups” (leadership efficacy), “I know adults who can help me solve problems” (adult resources), and “I participate in neighborhood activities” (community engagement). When YES group leaders connect the curriculum with its underlying concepts they can do a better job of communicating the intent of each activity to participating youth.

1. Self-Esteem
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Empowerment
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

2. Self-Esteem
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Empowerment
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

3. Self-Esteem
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

4. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

5. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

6. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
Motivation to Control
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

7. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

8. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
Adult Mentoring Relationships
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

9. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
Adult Resources
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

10. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
Resource Mobilization
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

11. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
I know howMobilization
Resource to find resources in my community.
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

12. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
Leadership Behavior
Behavioral
Doing
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
I know howMobilization
Resource to find resources in my community.
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

13. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
ILeadership Behavior things done.
organize people to get
Behavioral
Doing
Empowerment
Community Engagement
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
I know howMobilization
Resource to find resources in my community.
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

14. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
ILeadership Behavior things done.
organize people to get
Behavioral
Doing
Empowerment
ICommunity Engagement activities.
participate in neighborhood
School Engagement
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
I know howMobilization
Resource to find resources in my community.
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan

15. I take a positive attitude toward myself.
Self-Esteem
I have the skills to work towards my goals.
Mastery
Intrapersonal
Feeling
Empowerment
I am good at leading groups.
Leadership Efficacy
I can be involvedControl my community.
Motivation to to change
Psychological
YES Curriculum
Empowerment
Processes
ILeadership Behavior things done.
organize people to get
Behavioral
Doing
Empowerment
ICommunity Engagement activities.
participate in neighborhood
ISchool Engagement activities.
participate my school’s
Interactional
Connecting
Empowerment
I know MentoringI Relationships and advice.
Adult adults that go to for support
I know Resources can help me solve problems.
Adult adults who
I know howMobilization
Resource to find resources in my community.
© 2013 by the Regents of the University of Michigan