5. What Is Drama?
Drama is a composition in prose form that presents a story
entirely told in dialogue.
It´s a story enacted onstage for a live audience.

6. OrIGINs OF Drama
The word drama comes from the
Greek verb dran, which means “to do” or
“to act”
The earliest known plays...
 were written around the fifth century
B.C.
 produced for festivals to honor
Dionysus, the god of wine and
fertility.

8. 1. Ancient Drama
2. Medieval Drama
3. Restoration And 18th-Century Drama
4. 19th Century Drama and The Romantic Rebellion
5. The Modern Drama

9. 6. Symbolist Drama
7. Expressionist Drama
8. Ensemble Theatre
9. Absurdist Theatre
10. Contemporary Drama

11. traGEDY
A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily.
Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious,
universal themes
such as :
right and wrong
justice and injustice
life and death

12. mELODrama
It shows events that follow each other rapidly, but seems
to be governed always by chance.
The characters are victims in the hands of merciless fate.

13. COmEDY
A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers
on a romantic conflict.
boy meets girl boy loses girl boy wins girl

14. FarCE
Farce is a sub-category of
comedy, characterized by greatly
exaggerated characters and
situations.
Farces typically involve mistaken
identities, lots of physical comedy
and outrageous plot twists.

15. musICaL
In musical theater, the story is told not only through dialogue
and acting but through music and dance.
Musicals are often comedies, although many do involve
serious subject matter.

16. traGICOmEDY
It is a play that does not adhere
strictly to the
structure of tragedy. There is a
mix of comedy and
Tragedy side by side in these
types of plays.
It focuses on character
relationships and shows society
in a state of continuous flux.

17. OPEra
Western opera is a
dramatic art form, which
arose during the
Renaissance in an attempt
to revive the classical
Greek drama tradition in
which both music and
theatre were combined.

18. PaNtOmImE
These stories follow in the tradition of fables and folk
tales. Usually there is a lesson learned, and with some
help from the audience, the hero / heroine saves the
day. This kind of play uses stock characters seen in
masque and again commedia dell'arte, these characters
include the villain (doctore), the clown / servant
(Arlechino / Harlequin / buttons), the lovers etc.

19. CrEatIvE Drama
Creative drama includes dramatic activities and games used
primarily in educational settings with children. Its roots in the
United States began in the early 1900s. Winifred Ward is
considered to be the founder of creative drama in education,
establishing the first academic use of drama in Evanston, Illinois.

21. Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who
face a problem or conflict.
Climax
point of highest tension;
Plot: action determines how the conflict will be
Sequence of events that develop resolved
the drama (complications)
Resolution
Exposition conflict is resolved;
characters and conflict are play ends
introduced

22. Conflict is a struggle or
clash between opposing
characters or forces. A
conflict may develop . . .
 between characters who
want different things or
the same thing
 between a character and
his or her circumstances
 within a character who is
torn by competing desires

24. There are three types of Drama Elements.
1. Literary
2. Technical
3. Performance

25. 1. LItErarY ELEmENts
(What is needed to write a script or story?)
 Script
 Plot
 Character
 Story Organization
 Setting
 Dialogue
 Monologue /soliloquy/aside
 Conflict

26. 2. tEChNICaL ELEmENts
(What is needed to produce a play?)
 Scenery
 Costumes
 Props
 Sound and Music
 Make-up

27. 3. PErFOrmaNCE ELEmENts
(What do the actors do on stage to make a character come alive?)
 Acting
 Speaking
 Non-verbal Expression

29. 1. sIzE OF staGE
a) “Thrust” stage The stage extends into the viewing area.
The audience surrounds the stage on three sides.

30. b) “In the round” stage is surrounded by an audience
on all sides.

31. c) “Proscenium” stage is the playing area extends
behind an opening called a “proscenium arch.” The
audience sits on one side looking into the action.
upstage
stage right stage left
downstage

32. 2. sCENE DEsIGN OF staGE
Scene design transforms a bare stage into the world of the play.
Scene design consists of :
a)Sets
b)Lighting
c)Costumes
d)Props

33. a) Sets >> A stage’s set might be
realistic and abstract and
detailed minimal

34. b)Lighting >> A lighting director skillfully uses light to
change the mood and appearance of the set.

35. c) Costumes >> The costume director works with the director to
design the actors’ costumes. Like sets, costumes can be :
minimal
detailed

36. d) Props (short for properties) are items that the characters
carry or handle on stage.
The person in charge of props must make sure that the
right props are available to the actors at the right moments.

38. 1. Protagonist is the main character, usually the
"good" guy in the story. The story mainly
focuses on this character's experiences.

39. 2. Deuteragonist is the second important character
in the story; the first is, of course, protagonist.

40. 3. Antagonist is usually portrayed as the "bad" guy, or the
person that goes against the protagonist and what he’s
trying to do.

41. 4. Tritagonist is the character who follows the
protagonist and deuteragonist in order of importance.

42. Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the
performance, understand the story, and respond to the
characters.

44. PaNtOmImE

45. OPEra

46. musICaL