2. Sunflower
Scientific Name : Helianthus annus
Family : Asteraceae
Composition of Sunflower Seed
Constituent
Hull
21- 27
Oil
48-53
Protein
14-19
Soluble Sugar
7 -9
Crude Fiber
16-27
Ash
12/19/2013
Composition ( %)
2-3
2
3. Area of Cultivation
Zone
States
North
Punjab, Haryana
Western
Gujarat
Southern
Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu & Karnataka
Central
Maharashtra
* Yellow coloured area on map shows sunflower cultivation in India
12/19/2013
3
4. Focus Area
State :Gujarat
District : Kachchh
Taluka : Abdhasa
Sr. No
Expected acerage
1
Lala
1000
2
Prajau
1000
3
Gadhvada
500
4
Khirsara
700
5
Dumra
500
6
Kothara
1000
Total acerage
12/19/2013
Name of the villages
4700
4
5. Activities For Campaigning
Before Sowing
• Farmers Meeting
• Jeep Campaigning
• Road Show
• Local news paper advertise
• Product demonstration
• Pictorial difference between seed verities
• Some gift Boucher scheme
12/19/2013
During Crop Period
• Educate the farmers with POPs
• Farmers meeting at 15 days interval
• Farmers training related to inputs for that
area
• ICM Training
• Product demonstration
• Frequent visit of FO
• Training for harvest & marketing
5
6. Campaign Calendar
Sr.No
Activities
1
Farmers Meeting
2
Jeep Campaigning
3
Local news paper advertise
4
Product demonstration
5
Pictorial difference between seed verities
6
Some gift Boucher scheme
7
Other activities
8
Activities during crop period
9
Activities during crop period
12/19/2013
Date
Person responsible
6
7. Seed Variety
•
•
PAC 361 : Late sowing, Duration : > 105 days
Syngenta 275
12/19/2013
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
7
8. Sunflower Growth cycle
The first few leaves are opposite
each other. As more leaves develop, the leaves
are arranged in an alternating
pattern up the stem
Emergence of 2 to 3
leaves per week.
Alternate leaf arrangement
after initially starting
as an opposite arrangement.
Germination & Emergence
Bud formation
Seed coat & Hypocotyl arche
Sunflower
Head Development initiation
12/19/2013
8
9. Agronomic Practices
Climatic Condition : Require hot and humid weather with the relative humidity of 50 – 85%.Sunflower
can be grown in dry areas too.
Soil Type
Sunflower can be grown in sandy loams, black soils and alluvial.
pH range : 5.7 – 8
Sunflower performs well in well drained, fertile soils with good moisture holding capacity
Land Preparation
Deep ploughing up to 12’’ – 18’’ followed by 2-3 harrowing & planking, collect the stubbles of previous crop and prepare
clean seedbed. Mixed 3-4 tonn FYM/acre in to the soil at the time of last harrowing.
Crop Rotation
2 or 3 seasons/years crop rotation with traditional crops (cereals/pulses/millets) will improve soil fertility. Legume or groundnut crops
are the best for rotation. Sunflower should not be followed after mustard, beans, peas (as they act as hosts for diseases)
12/19/2013
9
10. Sowing
Sowing Time
Early sowing : Mid Dec- Mid Jan
Late Sowing : Jan Last week to Feb Last week
Sowing Distance : Spacing 60 cm x 30 cm
Method of Sowing
: Dibbling method with furrow sowing
Seed Rate : 2-3 Kg /acre
Seed Treatment : Seeds should be treated with captan or ceresan @ 3 g/kg seed under dry land conditions
Thinning :
Remove unhealthy & and vigorous seedling in each hole on 10th day of sowing. Keep healthy one.
Fertilizer Management :
12/19/2013
10
11. Fertilizer & Irrigation Management
•FYM or Compost 3-4 ton/acre prior to sowing
•Basal dose kg/acre- DAP – 75 + MOP-25
•Top dressing kg/acre
or
SSP-200 + MOP-25 + Urea 20 kg
1st Top Dressing:
Urea-40 + MOP-25 (25 DAS) ;
2nd Top Dressing: Urea-40 (40 DAS).
(Follow need based application of Sulphur and Boron which are vital for seed wt. and flower opening)
Critical stage for Irrigation
Button stage : 35 to 50 DAS
Flowering : 55 to 65 DAS
Grain Filling stage : 70 to 85 DAS
Black soil:
3-4 irrigations (12-15 days interval)
Red Loamy:
Kharif: 5-6 irrigations (8-9 days interval)
Summer 8-9 irrigations (7-8 days interval)
12/19/2013
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
11
12. Sunflower stage Development
Fertilizer application
Irrigation Stage
Physiological maturity
Weed control
12/19/2013
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
12
13. Harvesting
•Sunflower attain its physiological maturity in 100-120 Days
•Harvesting should be done when the back of the head turns from green to lemon yellow colour and the
bottom leaves start drying and withering
•At the physiological maturity, the seed attains maximum weight and oil concentration and harvesting at this
stage, results in highest seed and oil yield.
•10 percent of heads should turn brown and florets attached to the seed drop naturally.
•Delay in harvesting cause reduction in seed yield due to lodging of plants and more damage due to birds,
rodents and termites attack.
•Harvesting should be done by adopting proper method.
• Mechanical thresher should be used to separate seeds from flower which is labour saving and economical.
•Avoid harvesting during adverse weather condition i.e. rain and overcast weather.
12/19/2013
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
13
14. Some facts about Sunflower
Sunflower is very sensitive to wind damage in the seedling stage and for this reason, cultivation on
light-textured soils susceptible to wind erosion, should be avoided unless wind erosion is being
combated successfully.
Sunflower is very sensitive to water logging.
Sunflower is very sensitive to high aluminium levels and should not be planted in soils with a pH
lower than 4.6.
The sunflower plant has a deep and finely branched tap-root system which can utilise water from
deep soil layers, even deeper than 2 m. Consequently, the crop often performs well even during a dry
season, especially in deeper soils or in soils with a high water-table.
12/19/2013
14
15. Important tips to be remember
Avoid extremely high temperatures during planting time, as well as the possibility of frost
damage.
Compared to grain crops, sunflower utilises soil nutrients exceptionally well. The main reason
for this is the finely branched and extensive root system. The roots come into contact with
nutrients which cannot be utilised by other crops.
Young plants are very sensitive to strong weed competition and cannot develop fast enough to
form a full shade covering which can suppress weed seedlings. Therefore, the first six weeks
after planting are a critical period for the crop. Yield can be increased significantly by keeping
fields free of weeds during this time.
Harvesting should commence as soon as 80 % of the sunflower heads are brown in order to
minimise losses caused by birds, lodging and shattering.
Sulphur and boron application are vital for seed wt. and flower opening
12/19/2013
15
16. Insects : Seedling Feeders in Sunflower
Stunted crop growth due to feeders
Molecules can be used :
1…….
2……..
3……..
12/19/2013
Brands available in market
1…….
2……..
3……..
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
16
17. Sunflower Defoliators
Sunflower Beetle
Molecules can be used :
1…….
2……..
3……..
12/19/2013
Weber
Thistle Caterpillar
Grasshoppers
Brands available in market
1…….
2……..
3……..
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
17
18. Sunflower Seed Feeder
Head clipper weevils chew holes around the stem, effectively girdling
it. It breaks over, and could be mistaken for hail injury.
Molecules can be used :
1…….
2……..
3……..
12/19/2013
Sunflower midge is a pest, usually in the northern plains, that causes the head
grow in a distorted way (folding, convoluted). It could mimic hail damage
under the right circumstances
Brands available in market
1…….
2……..
3……..
Agrocel Industries Ltd( Agri Service Division)
18
