1. Methods of Motivation for Teachers and Students Jeremy L. McNeal

2. Who is motivated?

4. What is motivation?

5. Direction Reasons Initiation Morality Tension Reduction Altruism MOTIVATION is defined as the reasons for engaging in a particular behavior. Expectations Persistence Homeostasis or Equilibrium Intensity Control Self-worth & Self-efficacy

6. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION CLASSIC Motivation is the result of satisfying biological needs; an automatic consequence of the discrepancy between the current and desired states. Tension reduction Equilibrium

7. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION In students, this is the the need for academic success or the attainment of excellence in an educational setting. Situational (Extrinsic) Vs. Personal (Intrinsic)

8. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION INTRINSIC MOTIVATION Motivation comes from the enjoyment of and interest in an activity for its own sake.

9. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION Motivation comes from the obtainment of some kind of external recognition. Receive praise Avoid punishment

10. INTEREST For motivation to occur, there must be some kind of interest in the outcomes of the tasks undertaken. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

11. SELF-EFFICACY The student must feel that he or she is capable of successfully completing the task at hand. Task difficulty Nearness of results Clarity in the demands THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

12. ATTRIBUTIONS The judgments that students make about their own success or failure. Attributions can be: Internal or External Specific or Global THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

13. Motivation in students

14. Direction Reasons Initiation Morality Tension Reduction Altruism STUDENT MOTIVATION has to do with students’ desire to participate in the learning process. Expectations Persistence ATTITUDES Homeostasis or Equilibrium Intensity Control Self-worth & Self-efficacy

15. Attitudes are influenced by… …home life & upbringing.

16. Attitudes are influenced by… …the social group.

17. Attitudes are influenced by… …past learning experiences.

18. Attitudes are influenced by… …teachers & learning institution.

19. Unmotivated Students

20. Unmotivated Students Attention deficit Behavioral problems Cheating Self-handicapping Low participation Withdrawal TASK AVOIDANCE

21. Some ideas for motivating students…

22. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Ask questions of students. Survey their likes and interests.

23. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Encouragement and positive feedback Try to find at least one positive aspect of a task a student completes.

24. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Make INTERNAL & GLOBAL attributions for success Make students feel that their success comes from within and that it can be stable over time.

25. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Make EXTERNAL & SPECIFIC attributions for failure Make students feel that failures are not necessarily their fault. Failure is task specific, not a trait of the student.

26. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Keep activites SHORT and SWEET, especially presentations. Arrive with a caché of different activities that allows the class to flow.

27. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Selective Task Assignment It isn’t necessary to assign the same tasks to every student in the same way.

28. Some Ideas for Motivating Students Empower students! Let them choose what they want to do—sometimes—and base activities on their interests.

29. And what about teachers?

30. Unmotivated Teachers Lack of Energy Emotional Instability Complaining Behaviors Decline in Participation with Students Depression Hopelessness

31. Unmotivated Teachers

32. JOB DISSATISFACTION Unmotivated Teachers

33. REPEATED STUDENT FAILURES Unmotivated Teachers

34. PERSONAL PROBLEMS Unmotivated Teachers

35. Teacher Motivation

36. Getting Motivated SET REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS Keep in mind the strengths and weaknesses of your current situation.

37. Getting Motivated MONITOR YOUR SUCCESSES Attribute them to INTERNAL and GLOBAL reasons

38. Getting Motivated CONTINUE RECEIVING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

39. Getting Motivated TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF

40. Getting Motivated GET SOCIAL SUPPORT

41. Getting Motivated REMEMBER THAT YOU ARE HUMAN

42. Thank you! Jeremy L. McNeal jmcneal@colomboworld.com