Three categories of environmental survey for aquaculture were developed ranging from low cost simple surveys to highly detailed surveys

1. Development of 3 categories of
environmental monitoring surveys
Bureau of Fisheries
and Aquatic
Resources
Marine
Environment and
Resources
Foundation
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
1

2. Uses of monitoring
• Check level of impact
• Check extent of impact
• Check if
– production over carrying capacity,
– too many licenses issued
• Check if impact
– getting worse,
– staying the same,
– getting better
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
2

3. Production data
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Number of fish stocked
Present size
Food fed per day
Market size
Culture period
Survival
Food conversion rate
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
3

4. Environmental data
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cage layouts and net sizes
Depth recordings
Current readings
Water dispersion
Condition of the sea bed sediments
Oxygen levels in the water column
Turbidity of the water column
Nutrients in the water column
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
4

5. 3 categories of environmental survey
The project is developing 3 categories of
environmental survey that can identify impacts of
aquaculture.
Category 1. low cost simple survey that can be
undertaken by local Government or farmer
Category 2. Medium level survey that requires some
equipment that can be undertaken by Government
regional offices, Protected Area Management and
other aquaculture management organisations
Category 3. Comprehensive survey (baseline survey)
to be undertaken by Government research Institutes
or similar, scientists for EIA, baseline or detailed
impact studies.
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
5

6. Survey costs
CATEGORY I
CATEGORY II
CATEGORY III
Level
Simple
Intermediate
Full Quantitative
Client
Large
Farmer/LGU
BFAR Regional,
IFARMC, PAMBI
Science + Govt
research Institutes
US $ 1,000
US $10,000
US $ 100,000
US$ 25
US$ 250
US$ 2,500
Equipment
Cost
Consumables
Survey cost
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
6

7. Category 1
Scope: Simple cheap, cost effective survey
Aimed at: LGU/Farmer
This survey measures the following parameters:
• Cage layout and sizes
• Depth recordings (bathymetry) of the area around the
cages
• Current (water movement) – estimate speed and
direction of water movement around the cages
• Condition of the sea bed sediments
• Oxygen levels in the water column
• Turbidity of the water column
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
7

8. Category 1
CATEGORY I
Bathymetry
Lead-line and Map
Turbidity
Secchi disc
Salinity/temp/depth/O2/
Temp/Salinity (hydrometer), O2 test kit
Water col. Nutrients
Water sampler (eg Marpet)
Benthos sampling
Mini-corer
Taxonomy
Sensory/presence/absence
Sediment (physical and
chemical)
Hydrography
--
MET data
--
Waste feed
Tray
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
8

9. Category I - US $ 1000 / 25
Equipment (US $ 440/25)
Price (US$)
Thin rope + marker + weight
10
Secchi + rope + marker
20
Temperature
5
Hydrometer
10
O2 test kit
50
Nutrient test kit
200
Water sampler (cheap)
200
Coring device
75
Feeding tray
20
Ropes
25
Digital camera
250
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
9

10. Classification
Classification
Good
Intermediate
Impacted
Sediment
Animals
present
Light colour
No smell
Some animals
present
Thin black on
top of normal
sediment
Some or no
smell
Little or no
animals
Deep black or
all black layer
strong H2S
smell
Water column
Secchi depth
Secchi depth
less than 3 - 5
m
Secchi depth
less than 3 m
Nutrients NH4
< 0.02
0.02 – 0.05
> 0.05
Nutrients NO2
< 0.05
0.05 – 0.10
> 0.10
Oxygen
Above 6 mg/l
Between 4 and
6 mg/l
Less than 4
mg/l
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
10

11. Equipment for category 1
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
11

12. Category 2
Scope: Can be undertaken by a technician, medium
cost, cost effective survey
Aimed at: Government regional offices, Protected Area
Management and other aquaculture management
organisations
This survey measures the following parameters:
• Cage layout and sizes
• Depth recordings (bathymetry) of the area around the
cages
• Current (water movement) – estimate speed and
direction of water movement around the cages
• Condition of the sea bed sediments (semi-quantitative)
• Oxygen, salinity and nutrient levels in the water column
• Turbidity of the water column
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
12

13. Category 2
CATEGORY II
Bathymetry
Hand-held sounder + GPS
Turbidity
Secchi disc
Salinity/temp/depth/O2/
Temp/Salinity
(hydrometer/refractometer? /O2 (O2 meter)
Water col. Nutrients
Water sampler Niskin
Benthos sampling
Grab (toy) or corer
Taxonomy
Semi quantitative – major taxa
Sediment (physical and
chemical)
Water content/PSA
Hydrography
Drogues CM (cheap)
MET data
MET station/handheld anemometer
Waste feed
Tray
Analysis of results
Semi- Quantitative analysis of aquaculture
impact
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
13

14. Category 2 - US $ 10,000 / 250
Category II
(US $ 7,170/200)
Price (US$)
Handheld sounder
250
GPS
350
Secchi disk + rope
20
Temp/sal/O2 meter
800
5 L Water sampler/Niskin
600
Grab (toy) or corer
800
Drying oven
800
Scales + 0.001
500
PSA sieves (?)0.50, shaker (2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125)
Drogues
Met. Station
2,000
125
1,000
Handheld anemometer
200
Feeding tray
25
Rope
50
Weights
50
Nutrient test kits
200
Storage boxes
500
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
14

15. Equipment for category 2
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
15

16. Category 3
Scope: Comprehensive survey (baseline survey)
Aimed at: Government research Institutes or similar,
scientists for EIA, baseline or detailed impact studies
This survey measures the following parameters:
• Cage layout, sizes and GPS position
• Depth recordings (bathymetry) of the area around the
cages using sonar and GPS
• Current (water movement) – estimate speed and
direction of water movement around the cages
• Condition of the sea bed sediments
• Oxygen, salinity, chlorophyll and nutrient
levels in the water column
• Turbidity of the water column
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
16

17. Category 3
CATEGORY III
Bathymetry
Echo sounder + GPS
Turbidity
Secchi + Turbidity meter
Salinity/temp/depth/O2/
CTDO
Water col. Nutrients
Niskin bottle (field) + lab analysis (any depth)
Benthos sampling
Grab (0.05 m2)/Core + equipment + chemicals
Taxonomy
Quantitative (families)
Sediment (physical and
chemical)
PSA/water content Redox
Redox/LOI
Hydrography
Current meters and Drogues
MET data
MET station
Waste feed
Tray
Analysis of results
Baseline survey. Quantitative analysis of impact
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
17

18. Category 3 – US $ 100,000/2,500
Category III
(US$ 100,000/2,500)
Echo sounder + GPS (integrated)
Price US $
1,500
Secchi disk
20
Turbidmeter + CTDO
16,000
Niskin
600
Chemicals/filters, Lab equipment
200
Grab (0.05 m2), core + sieves + equipment
200
Coultier counter or equivalent
250
Redox meter + probe + sol.
2,000
Muffle furnace
4,000
Current meters (3)
18,000
profiler + frame + batteries
34,000
Mooring equipment
400
Drogues
125
Met. Station
1,000
Feeding tray
25
Storage boxes
500
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
18

19. Equipment for category 3
THEME: Bridging the gaps in the Philippine
Aquaculture “Hotspots”
© www.akvaplan.niva.no
19