The document discusses the Age of Discovery from the 15th to 16th centuries. Key events included Marco Polo's expedition to China, advances in navigation technology like the caravel and compass, and Portuguese discoveries along the coast of Africa. Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored voyages of exploration. Columbus's voyages for Spain beginning in 1492 opened trade routes to the Americas, bringing both opportunities and devastation as European diseases decimated indigenous populations. The globalization process began as goods, people and knowledge were exchanged between connected parts of the world.

1. THE AGE
OF
DISCOVERY
SEBASTIAN MÜNSTER´S MAP OF AMERICA, 1561

2. SILK ROAD AND SPICE ROUTES TO ASIA
Red: Silk Road
Blue: Spice routes

3. MARCO POLO´S EXPEDITION TO CHINA (1271-1295)

4. GENOESE MAP (1457)
Based on the information provided by the traveller Niccolo da Conti to Asia

5. FRA MAURO´S WORLD MAP (1459)
Made by the Venitian monk Fra Mauro, under a commission by Alphonse V
of Portugal

6. MARTELLUS WORLD MAP (1490)
Inspired on a map drawn in Lisbon in 1485 by Bartolomeo Columbus ,
Christopher Columbus´s brother.

7. THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE (1453)
In 1453 the Ottoman Turks
conquered Constantinople
and closed the terrestrial
route to Asia

8. TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
Portulan charts were maps of the coasts,
which included indications to use the
compass and the estimated distances
between different places
PORTULAN CHART
COMPASS QUADRANT ASTROLABE

9. -They existed before the 15th century
-Advantages:
- more spacious, because they didn
´t need oarsmen. This left
more space for cargo and
allowed longer voyages
- Faster: they moved with wind.
CARAVEL

10. PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES
The Portuguese were the first to try to find a
new route to Asia.
Prince Henry sponsored voyages to the
coast of Africa and financed navigators and
cartographers (map-makers )
As a result of these investments, the
Portuguese discovered several
PRINCE HENRY THE
archipelagoes in the Atlantic Ocean and NAVIGATOR (1394-1460),
territories on the African coast: PATRON OF
PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
-1420: Madeira Islands
-1427: Azores Islands
-1434: the Portuguese reached Cape
Bojador
-1455-56: Cape Verde Islands
-1462: exploration of the Gulf of Guinea

11. The Portuguese mapped the coast of Africa
and were very interested in having control
over these territories, especially for trade. They
created trading posts along the African
coasts.
1479: Treaty of ALCAÇOVAS: Castile and
Portugal signed an agreement that recognized
the Castilian sovereignty over the Canary
Islands, but gave the exclusive exploration of
the African coasts to Portugal.

12. 1488: Bartolomeu Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope
1498: Vasco da Gama reached Calicut in India.

13. PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES

14. CASTILIAN DISCOVERIES
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS´S PROJECT
Christopher Columbus notes on
his copy of The travels of Marco Polo
Columbus miscalculated the diameter of the Earth and he thought that the
Earth was smaller than it is. This is why he had a lot of problems
to find the money he needed for his exploration voyage to the Indies.

15. COLUMBUS´S IDEA OF THE WORLD, INSPIRED ON TOSCANELLI´S MAP

17. COLUMBUS´S MAP, DRAWN IN 1490

18. Finally, the Catholic Monarchs agreed
on financing Christopher Columbus´
voyage and they signed a contract
with him, the Capitulations of Santa
Fe:
If Columbus reached the Indies, he would
receive some rewards:
THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS - Viceroy and governor of the discovered
lands
- 20% of the wealth discovered
- Admiral of the Ocean Sea.
CAPITULATIONS OF SANTA FE

19. COLUMBUS ´S VOYAGES

20. FIRST VOYAGE (August- October 1492)

21. SECOND VOYAGE (September 1493-June 1496)

22. THIRD VOYAGE (May 1498- November 1500)

23. FOURTH VOYAGE (May 1502- November 1504)

25. JUAN DE LA COSA´S MAP, 1500
It included Columbus´s and Vasco da Gama´s discoveries. It´s the oldest
representation of America

26. JUAN DE LA COSA´S MAP, 1500

27. THE FIRST CIRCUMNAVIGATION VOYAGE
MAGELLAN-ELCANO EXPEDITION

28. BEGINNING OF THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS
Relationships between different
parts of the world, which shared
products, people and knowledge.

29. PRE-COLUMBIAN PEOPLES
The Europeans came into contact
with different indigenous
civilizations.
They were called Amerindians
(American Indians), but at present
they are called Pre- Columbian
peoples.
AZTEC CIVILIZATION: Present Mexico
MAYA CIVILIZATION: Yucatan Peninsula
INCA CIVILIZATION: Andes Mountains

30. DISEASES BROUGHT BY THE EUROPEANS TO AMERICA
SMALLPOX
CHICKENPOX MEASLES
These diseases became lethal for the indigenous
peoples at the beginning of colonization and a
demographic catastrophe took place, especially in
Central America and the Caribbean Sea. The
Europeans started bringing black slaves from Africa
to replace the dead.

31. KNOWLEDGE AND PRODUCTS´ EXCHANGE
PRODUCTS BROUGHT FROM AMERICA

32. PRODUCTS BROUGHT FROM EUROPE TO AMERICA

33. OVERSEAS EMPIRES
The Europeans created
colonial empires and
imposed their supremacy
over the new lands
discovered.