Introduction to PassiveHouse principles : the 5 pillars

1. EN-SEED-PHPP - 1 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
Indepth Details : the 5 pillars
Introduction to Passive House Principles
Stefanos Pallantzas, dipl.ing., CPH Designer
Hellenic Passive House Institute

2. EN-SEED-PHPP - 2 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
Efficiency  “A Passive House is a building, for which thermal
comfort (ISO 7730) can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of
the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality
conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.”
Criteria
5 Pillars
Passive House : what is all about?

3. EN-SEED-PHPP - 3 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
It’s about Losses and Gains
Energy Balance = Transmission + Ventilation -  * (Solar + IHG)
QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI)

4. EN-SEED-PHPP - 4 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Losses
 Transmission Losses
 Ventilation Losses
Area of thermal envelope * U-value *
Temperature-correction factor * Heating
degree hours
QT = A * U * bT * Gt
Air volume * Equiv. air change *
Heat cap. of air * Heating degree
hours
QV = V * nequiv. * cp * Gt

5. EN-SEED-PHPP - 5 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
Transmission Losses
 Opaque Elements Walls, Roof, Slab
 Transparent Elements  Windows
HT = bjAjUj + bjjlj + bjj
Areas of thermal linear point
envelope thermal bridges

6. EN-SEED-PHPP - 6 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Gains
Solar gains:
reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation
QS = r * g * A * G

7. EN-SEED-PHPP - 7 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Gains
Internal Heat Gains:
Length heating period * spec. Internal Heat Gains * Treated Floor Area
QI = tHeat * qi * ATFA

8. EN-SEED-PHPP - 8 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Balance
Heat gains,
which cannot
be used

9. EN-SEED-PHPP - 9 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The monthly Balance
Specific Space
heat demand
[kWh/(m²a)
4.3 2.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 4.3 13.6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
SpecificLosses,Gains,
HeatingDemand[kWh/(m²month)]
Sum Spec. Gains Solar + Internal
Spec. Heat Demand
Sum Spec. Losses

10. EN-SEED-PHPP - 10 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Game of Losses and Gains
Distribution
Storage Production
Connection
QS
QV
QT
Energy Demand Calculation
Final energy
(Building boundary)
Primary
Energy
Balance
boundary for the
heated volume
Transport
Conversion
Extraction
QH
QI
Useful energy
(volume boundary = thermal envelope)

11. EN-SEED-PHPP - 11 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Criteria
Space Heating Demand
not to exceed 15kWh annually OR 10W (peak demand) per square
meter of usable living space
Space Cooling Demand
roughly matches the heat demand with an additional, climate-
dependent allowance for dehumidification
Primary Energy Demand
not to exceed 120kWh annually for all domestic applications
(heating, cooling, hot water and domestic electricity) per square
meter of usable living space
Airtightness
maximum of 0.6 air changes per hour at 50 Pascals pressure (as
verified with an onsite pressure test in both pressurised and
depressurized states)
Thermal Comfort
Thermal comfort must be met for all living areas year-round with not
more than 10% of the hours in any given year over 25°C*

12. EN-SEED-PHPP - 12 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
How to achieve criteria??

13. EN-SEED-PHPP - 13 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The Definition
“A Passive House is a building, for which
thermal comfort (ISO 7730) can be
achieved solely by post-heating or post-
cooling of the fresh air mass, which is
required to achieve sufficient indoor air
quality conditions – without the need for
additional recirculation of air.”

14. EN-SEED-PHPP - 14 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
Keep in mind
 The high surface temperatures
inside a Passive House thanks to the
high level of insulation ensure that the
comfort is not restricted due to
 large variations in the operating
temperature
 asymmetric radiant temperature
 cold air descent
 The Window-value should be so that
the surface temperatures are high and
no compensation of ‘cold’ window
areas is required
 The arrangement of the heating
surfaces does not have a significant
effect on the thermal comfort
 The supply-air temperature is at
least 16.5°C (with an efficiency of
heat recovery > 75%) and therefore
does not lead to discomfort.

15. EN-SEED-PHPP - 15 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
How much heat?
 How much heat can be provided by the supply air system?
W/m²10
Wh/K/m³0.33K30m³/h/m²30/30
)
p
c(ρΔ/AVpheating


 
:m²)120inpersons4forncalculatio(exemplaryloadheatingpossibleMaximum
K30ΔΘ:increaseetemperaturpossibleMaximum
C17Θ:HRafterairsupplytheofeTemperatur
C50Θ:airsupplytheforlimiteTemperatur
m²/P35
currentlyGermanyinm²/P30A:occupancyTypical
valuethisexceednotdonm³/h/Perso30V:airsupplytheforconditionHygienic







16. EN-SEED-PHPP - 16 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The small loads…
Example: Room with 24 m2 living area, heating load 240 W,
this can be supplied by:
 Four conventional incandescent lamps (60W)
 One hair-dryer (minimum level)
 24 m³/h supply-air introduced at 50 °C through a jet nozzle
directly below the ceiling (combination of air-heating and radiant
heating)
 Small radiator: HxWxD 900/270/66 mm, Power
approx. 240 W, with FF/RF/IT
55/45/20°C
Can be placed anywhere in the room, e.g. above the door
 Panel heating on the interior wall with 4 K excess temperature

17. EN-SEED-PHPP - 17 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The ideal solution…
TiController
Fresh air
Exhaust air
Extract air
Temperature sensor
for thermostat mode
in suitable reference
room
Supply air
heating coil
air-to-air heat
exchanger

18. EN-SEED-PHPP - 18 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
In Praxis…
fresh air
exhaust
air
extract
air
supply
air
heat generator
cold water
hot water
hot water storage tank
HRAir-to-air plate
heat exchanger
combustionair
chimney
post-heater
oil tank/
deposit
optional:
solar hot
water system
frost
protection

19. EN-SEED-PHPP - 19 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars
The main Tools
… and You!
PHPP – Passive House Planning Package