Recommendations of the committee of experts headed by Oommen V. Oommen on Kasturirangan report on Western Ghats

1. IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän nÀt±-i-§sf kw_-Ôn¨
hnZKv[ kanXn dnt¸mÀ«v

2. hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS Ipdn¸v
IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän dnt¸mÀ«n tIc-f-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Imcy-§Ä Ah-tem-Iw
sNbvXv nÀt±-i-§Ä X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-mbmWv tIcf kÀ¡mÀ aq¶wK hnZKv[ kanXnsb
ntbm-Kn-¨-Xv. dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnv hnZKv[ kanXnbv¡v nc-h[n hyàn-I-fpsS Id-bä
klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-§Ä e`y-am-bn-«p-­v. _lp. tIcf apJya{´n {io.D½³ Nm­n, I½n-änbpsS cq]o-I-cWw apX dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xp-h-sc-bpÅ Hmtcm L«-§-fnepw hnZKv[
kan-Xn-bp-am-bpÅ IqSn-¡m-gvN-IÄ¡v kabw Ap-h-Zn-¡p-Ibpw th­ nÀt±-i-§Ä XcnIbpw sNbvXp F¶ Imcyw µn-tbmsS kvacn-¡p-¶p. kan-Xn-bpsS sXfn-sh-Sp-¸p-I-fp-am-bn
_Ôs¸«v th­ kuI-cy-§Ä sN¿p-¶-Xnmbn A[n-ImcnIÄ¡v nÀt±-i-§Ä ÂImpw
_lp. apJy-a{´n kabw Is­-¯n F¶Xv ]cn-Øn-Xn-tbmSpw P-§-tfm-Sp-apÅ At±-l¯nsâ {]Xn-_-²X shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p.
_lp. ]cn-Øn-Xn-h-Ip¸v a{´n {in. Xncp-h-©qÀ cm[m-Ir-jvW³, _lp. kmwkv¡m-cnI
þ {Kma-hn-Ik hIp¸v a{´n {io. sI.-kn. tPmk^v, AUojWÂ No^v sk{I-«dn
{io.]n.sI.saml´n F¶n-hÀ kan-Xn-bp-ambn ]e-X-hW Bi-hn-n-abw S-¯n.
tI{µ a{´n-amÀ, Fw.-]n.-amÀ, No^v hn¸v, Fw.-FÂ.-F.-amÀ, PnÃmþt»m¡vþ{Kma
]©m-b¯v {]Xn-n-[n-IÄ, ]cn-ØnXn hnZ-Kv[À, ]cn-ØnXn {]hÀ¯-IÀ, IÀjI
kwL-Sm {]Xn-n-[n-IÄ, aXm-[y-£-·mÀ, tNw_À Hm^v tImtagvkv {]Xn-n-[n-IÄ,
hym]mcn kwL-S--IÄ, km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb ]Ýn-a-L« nhm-kn-IÄ XpS-§n Dt±iw
30,000 BÄ¡mÀ X§-fpsS nÀt±-i-§-Ä kan-Xn-¡p-ap-¼msI tcn«pw tcJm-aqehpw
ÂInsb¶ hkvXpX µn-tbmsS kvacn-¡p-¶p.
hnhn[ PnÃ-I-fn S-¯nb sXfn-sh-Sp¸pIÄ `wKn-bmbn ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡m³
AXmXv PnÃm If-IvSÀamcpw dhyqþhwþt]meokv hIp-¸p-tZym-K-Ø-cpw {][m ]¦v
hln-¨n-«p-­v. kan-Xn-bpsS sXfn-sh-Sp-¸p-I-fn-seÃmw h³tXm-Xn-epÅ P-{]m-Xn-n-[y-amWp-­m-b-Xv. X§-fpsS Bi-¦-Ifpw nÀt±-i-§fpw kan-Xn-bv¡p-ap-¼msI Ah-X-cn-¸n¡p-¶Xnmbn kz´w tPmen-IÄt]mepw amän-h¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ mm-X-e-§-fn-Â
{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ P-§Ä F¯n-t¨À¶p.
hnZKv[ kan-Xn-¡pth­ ASn-Øm kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡Â, bm{X-I-fpsS {Iao-I-cWhpw S-¯n-¸pw, IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ae-bmf XÀÖa X¿m-dm-¡Â,
CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« sl¸v Ukv¡nsâ kwLm--Sw, nÀt±-i-§-fp-sSbpw ]cm-Xn-I-fpsSbpw t{ImUo-I-cWw, dnt¸mÀ«p X¿m-dm-¡Â F¶o Imcy-§-fn kwØm ssPsshhn-hn[y t_mÀUnse DtZym-K-Ø-cp-sS nÊo-a-amb kl-I-cWw e`n-¨n-«p-­v. kwØm
ssPh-ssh-hn[y t_mÀUv sa¼À sk{I-«dn tUm.-sI.-]n.-em-em-Zm-kv, kon-bÀ AUvan-nkvt{S-änhv Hm^o-kÀ sI.-an-n, kbân-^nIv Hm^o-kÀ Pn.-F-kv.-D-®n-¡r-jvW³, hn.-in-ht-i³, kn.-Pn.{]Zo-]v, Bim-eX FÂ.-BÀ., sI. sI. PnXn³ F¶n-h-cpsS tkhw
{]tXyIw kvacn-¡p-¶p.
tUm.-D-½³ hn. D½³
]n.-kn. kndn-bIv
tUm.-hn.-F³.-cm-P-ti-J-c³]n-ff
I¬ho-À
AwKw
AwKw

3. DÅ-S¡w
w.
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DÅ-S¡w
dnt¸mÀ«nsâ kw£n]vXw
BapJw
KmUvKn I½nän dnt¸mÀ«pw IkvXqcncwK³ I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«pw
hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS cq]o-I-cWw
kan-Xn-bpsS sXfn-sh-Sp¸v
temI-k`mw-K-§fpsSbpw nb-a-k-`mw-K-§fpsSbpw tbmKw
I½nän S-¯nb knänwKpI-fpsS hnhcw
s]mXp-P--§-Ä D¶-bn¨ {][m A`n-{]m-b-§Ä
{]Xn-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw
Ap-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw
k¶² kwLSI-fpsS tbmKhpw Dcp-¯n-cnª nÀt±-i-§fpw
hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS s]mXp-hmb ImgvN-¸mSv
aq¶wK hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±-i-§Ä
]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§fpsS Is­-¯Â
Irjn kw_-Ô-amb Bi-¦-IÄ
]cn-ØnXn ZpÀ_e {]tZ-i-hp-ambn (EFL – Ecologically Fragile
Land) _Ô-s¸-«pÅ Bi¦
]«-b- hm-KvZmw kw_-Ôn¨v Bi-¦-IÄ
kwtbmPn-X-¡rjn
mS³ Imenk¼-¯nsâ ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡Â
GI-hn-f-¡rjn
hy-ar-K-§-fpsS D]-{Zhw
]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse BZn-hmkn kaq-l-¯nsâ PohnXw
aÕy-_-Ôw
]cn-ØnXnteme -{]-tZ-i-§-fnse Sqdnkw
kzIm-cy-`q-an-bnse acwsh«Â
]cn-ØnXn kwc-£-IÀ¡pÅ t{]mÕm-lw
]mdJw
aWÂhm-cÂ
Ipg¡n-W-dp-I-fpsS nÀamWw
sI«nS nÀamWw
sdUv Imä-Kdn hyh-km-b-§Ä
Su¬jn-¸p-I-fpsS nÀamWw
ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^­v
]cn-ØnXn Imh kwLw
t]Pv w.
i-iv
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4. IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän nÀt±-i-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ hnZKv[ kanXn dnt¸mÀ«v
(kw-£n-]vX-cq-]w)
]Ýn-a-L« ae-n-c-IÄ temIs¯ 8 AXn-Xo{h ssPh-ssh-hn[y taJ-e-I-fnÂ
(Hottest Biodiversity Hotspots) H¶mWv. `mc-X-¯nse BsI kv]ojo-kp-I-fpsS 27 iXamw ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp¶p. ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯n ImÀjnIhnf-I-fpsS nc-h[n hy_-Ôp-¡-fp-ap-­v. Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Gew, amhv, ¹mhv, hmg F¶n-h-bpsS hy-_-Ôp-¡Ä CXnÂ
DÄs¸-Spw. Ht«sd Pem-i-§-fpsS DÂ`-h-Øm--hp-amb ]Ýn-a-L-«s¯ 25 tImSn-bn-tesd
P-§Ä IpSn-sh-Å-¯npw Irjn¡pw B{i-bn-¡p¶p­v. `mc-X-¯nsâ Imem-h-Ø-bnepw
]Ýn-a-L« ae-n-c-IÄ nÀWm-b-I-amb kzm[ow sNep-¯p-¶p-­v. hne-s¸« Cu ]cn-ØnXn
k¼-¯p-I-fpsS io-I-c-Whpw aen-o-I-c-Whpw Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw Ap-h-Zn-¡m-m-hp-¶X-Ã. AtX-kabw Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn Irjnbpw aäv sXmgn-ep-Ifpw D]-Po-h--amÀK-am-¡nb
kmamyP-§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡p¶ Hcp S-]-Sn-bpw D­m-Impw
]mSn-Ã. Cu ImgvN-¸m-tSm-sS-bmWv hnZKv[ kanXn IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ dnt¸mÀ«p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v
P-§-fp-sSbpw P-{]-Xn-n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw A`n-{]mbw kzcq-]n-¨Xpw AXn---k-c-W-ambn
nÀt±-i-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xpw.
kan-Xn-bpsS {][m nÀt±-i-§Ä Ch-bm-Wv:þ
 C.-F-kv.-F. Bbn IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½n-än Is­-¯nb {]tZ-i-§-fnepw ESZ1, ESZ2
F¶n-h-bmbn KmUvKn I½nän Is­-¯nb {]tZ-i-§-fnepw ^oÂUvXe kÀth
(^n-kn-¡Â shcn-^n-t¡-j³) S¯n XÂØnXn Is­-¯-Ww. C§s P-hm-ktI-{µ-§fpw, Irjn-Øepw tXm-«-§-fpw, hhpw thÀXn-cn-¡-Ww. Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
ne-hn-epÅ P-km-{µX ]cn-tim-[n-¡mpw I½n-än ip]mÀi sN¿p-¶p. ]Ýn-a-L-«¯nse aäp {Kma-§-fn ]e-bn-S¯pw kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ h-`q-anbpw, Imhp-Ifpw,
]pÂta-Sp-Ifpw, sam«-¡p-¶p-Ifpw, ]md-s¡-«p-Ifpw D­v, Ahsbbpw Is­¯n ]cnØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn kwc-£n-¡p-I. P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§-fpw, Irjn-Ø-e-§fpw,
tXm«-§fpw am{Xw E.S.A-bn n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡pI;
 ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te¡v tcn«v {]th-in-¡p-¶Xnp]-I-cw tI{µ-K-h¬saâv t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p¶ ‘KpUv A{Kn-IĨ-d {]mIvSn-kkv’ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-I. Ime-{I-taW
]qÀW ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te¡v amdm³ Chsc t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw cmk-¡r-jnbn n¶pw ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯--L-«-¯n (10 hÀjw) IÀj-IcpsS km¼-¯nI jvSw ]qÀW-ambpw kÀ¡mÀ nI-¯p-Ibpw thWw.
i

5.  C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw AXnsâ Dt±-i-e-£y-§Ä ]t­ tSn-¡-gnª ØnXn¡v
Cnta C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw Ap-k-cn¨v BcpsS `qanbpw Gsä-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯-hn[w nbaw d±p sN¿p-I. ]t£ Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn tImS-Xn-bn S-¡p¶
tIkp-I-fn nb-a-a-p-k-cn¨v tImSXn Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡-s«.
 ne-hn-epÅ Irjn-I-fn n¶p-apÅ hcp-amw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnpw IÀj-Isâ
km¼-¯nI kpc£ Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnpw th­n ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn kwtbm-PnX-¡rjn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-I.
 k¦-c-bnw ]-ip-¡Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xnv ntcm-[--ap-­m-hcp-Xv. {]Xn-Iqe Imem-hØsb sNdp-¡m³ sIev]pÅ mS³ I¶p-Imenbn-§Ä t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-Ww.
 bq¡m-en-]väkv, At¡-jy, tX¡v XpS§nb GI-hnf¡rjn-IÄ ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§fnse hmXnÀ¯n-bn ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
 d_À, Im¸n, tXbne XpS-§nb mWyhn-f-Isf GI-hnf ntcm-[w _m[n-¡n-söv
kÀ¡mÀ hyà-am¡n D¯-chv ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨v IÀj-IcpsS Bi¦ AI-ä-Ww.
 ap-jy-sbpw Irjn-sbbpw hy-Po-hn-IÄ B{I-an-¡p-¶Xp XS-bm-mbn V BIr-Xnbn 2 aoäÀ Bghpw 4 aoäÀ hoXn-bp-apÅ s{U©p-Ifpw kutcmÀÖ then-Ifpw
Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn D­m¡Ww. hy-ar-K-§-fp-­m-¡p¶ Irjn-m-i-¯nv Ct¸mÄ
ÂIp¶ [-k-lmbw ]cym-]vX-amtWm F¶Xv ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
 hm-h-Im-i-n-b-a-{]-Im-chpw ]mc-¼-cy-ambpw ]«n-I-hÀK-¡mÀ¡v ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i§-fn e`n-¨n-«p-ÅXpw ssIhiw h¨-p-`-hn-¨phcp-¶Xp-amb ]mÀ¸n-S-w, Irjn, D]-Pohw F¶nhbv¡v Cu dnt¸mÀ«v XS-Ê-am-h-cp-Xv.
 Ub-m-anäpw aäv kvt^mSI -h-kvXp-¡fpw cmk-]-ZmÀ°-§fpw (-©v apX-embh) D]tbm-Kn-¨pÅ aÕy-_-Ôw ]qÀW-ambpw ntcm-[n-¡p-I. A[n-n-thiaÕy-§Ä
kwc-£nX {]tZ-i-§-fnse Pem-i-b-§-fn nt£-]n-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw IÀi--ambn
nb-{´n-¡p-I.
 hntmZ k©mckwcw-`-§sf ]cn-ØnXn kulr-Z-]-c-amb coXn-bn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n¡pI hgn ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£Ww Dd-¸m-¡mpw H¸w IÀj-I-cpsS km¼-¯nI nehmcw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯mpw km[n-¡pw. kap{Znc-¸n n¶pw 500 aoä-dn IqSp-X Dbc-apÅ Ge-t¯m-«-§-fnepw Ipcp-ap-fIv tXm«-§-fnepw aäpw hntm-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS
Xma-k-¯npw aäp-ambn nÀ½n¡p¶ sI«n-S-§-fpsS D-bcw 8 aoä-dn ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp¯-Ww.
ii

6.  ]Ýn-a-L-«- {]tZ-i¯v am{X-a-Ã, tIc-f-¯nsâ aäv {]tZ-i-§-fnepw kzImcy `qanbnepÅ ac-§Ä apdn-¡p¶-Xnv Ap-hmZw Bh-iy-anà F¶ Xocp-amw Kh¬saâv
Xe-¯n FSp-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.
 ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£W {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-¯p-¶-hÀ¡v B tkh--¯nsâ {]Xn-^-eambn kwc-£-W-tk-h--th-Xw ÂtI-­-Xp-­v.
 ]Ýn-a-L«¯nse Ct¸mÄ Jw S-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-§-fn XÂØnXn ]cn-tim-[n-¨tijw h-ambn kwc-£n-t¡-­ {]tZ-i-¯n-p-Ånem-sW-¦n DSs Jw Ahkm-n-¸n-¡-Ww. CXn-p-th­n nb-a-{]-Imcw tm«okv ÂIn Izmdn ssek³kv d±p
sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
 ]Ýna-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn Ap-aXn IqSmsX {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶Xpw Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
h-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¶-Xp-amb Izmdn-IÄ DSs nÀ¯-em-¡-m³ IÀi S-]Sn FSp¡Ww. ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯n h-ambn kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ {]tZ-i-§-Ä¡v ]pd¯v IzmdnIÄ Ap-h-Zn-¡p-¶Xv hm-XnÀ¯n-bn n¶pw 500 aoäsd¦nepw AIew ]men¨mbncn-¡-Ww. Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn S¯p¶ J {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡v
SEIAA
bpsS ¢nb-d³kv nÀ_-Ô-ambpw hm§-W-sa¶v njv¡Àjn-¡-Ww.
 ]e dnkÀthm-b-dp-I-fnepw aW ASn-ªp-Iq-Sp-¶-Xnsâ ^e-ambn Ch-bpsS kw`cWtijn Ipd-bp¶p­v. AXn-m CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv[-cpsS A`n-{]m-b¯npw kmâv HmUn-än§npw hnt[-b-ambn Chn-S-§-fn n¶pÅ aW FSp¯v
ymb-amb hnebv¡v Bh-iy-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ S-]Sn Kh¬saâv Xe¯n D­m-I-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn An-b-{´n-X-ambpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-ambpw Ipg¡n-W-dp-IÄ
Ipgn-bv¡p¶ kml-Ncyw Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-pth­ nb-{´-W-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v DNn-X-amb
Xocp-am--§Ä kÀ¡mÀ FSp-t¡­-Xm-Wv.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-ta-J-e-bn kap-t{Zm-]-cn-X-e-¯n n¶pw 500 aoä-dnv ta Db-capÅ
Øe-§-fnÂ, `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-¯n n¶pw sI«n-S-§-fpsS D-bcw 8 aoädmbn ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn P-Po-hn-X¯nv Bh-iy-amb Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, hnZym-e-b§Ä, tZhm-e-b-§Ä `£y kpc-£sb _m[n-¡p¶ ]m kwkv¡-cW bqWn-äpIÄ
F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« t{]mP-IvSp-IÄ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W ÂIn ntcm[¯n n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡Ww. aäv hnI-k {]hÀ¯--§Ä SEIAA ¢nbd³knv
hnt[-b-ambn am{Xw Ap-h-Zn-¡p-I.
iii

7.  ]cn-ØnXnkulrZ hnI-k-w, ]cn-Øn-Xn-bv¡n-W-§-p¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ Pe-e-`y-X,
]mc-¼-tcy-Xc DuÀP t{kmX-Êp-I-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, hn³Uv anÂ, ]c-¼-cm-KX ]cnØnXn kulrZ sI«n-S-§Ä XpS-§n-bh DÄs¸-Sp¯pwhn[hpw, aen-o-I-c-Whpw
]cn-ØnXn io-I-c-Whpw ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-¡n-s¡m-­p-am-bn-cn-¡Ww Cu {]tZ-i-§fnse ]©m-b-¯p-I-Ä amÌÀ ¹mp-IÄ X¿m-dm-t¡-­-XmWv.
 sehn C-¯n e`y-am-Ip¶ XpI Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW Øm]--§-fnsebpw kwØm-¯n-sâbpw ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^­n nt£-]n¨v _n.-Fw.-kn. (ssPh-ssh-hn[y
]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-) bpsS taÂtm-«-¯n ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-£W {]hÀ¯-§Ä¡v hnn-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn nb-a-§Ä, N«-§Ä, hnÚm-]--§Ä F¶nh ewLn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ FÃm
S]Sn-Ifpw ]cn-ØnXn timjW {]hÀ¯--§fpw A[n-Im-cn-Isf Ad-nbn-¡m-pÅ
Npa-Xe ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]me kan-Xn-IÄ¡m-Wv. Cu kan-Xn-IÄ¡v IqSp-XÂ
{]hÀ¯ kuI-cy-§Ä ÂIn Chsb imào-I-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv Ã-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
 1977 Pp-hcn 1 v apt¼ `qan-bpsS ssIh-im-hImi-ap-Å-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS ]n³KmanIÄ¡pw ]«bw ÂIm-sa¶v ÂIn-bn-«pÅ hmKvZmw DSs S-¸n-em-¡p-I.
 C.-F-kv.-F. {]tZ-i-¯nv ]pd-¯pÅ h-{]-tZ-i-§-sfbpw, Imhp-I-sfbpw, ]pÂta-SpI-sfbpw Is­¯n kwc-£n-¡-Ww. Cu kml-N-cy-¯n C.-F-kv.-F.¡v 10 In.-ao.
_^À tkm¬ nÀW-bn-t¡­ Imcy-a-Ã.
iv

8. IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän nÀt±-i-§sf kw_-Ôn¨
hnZKv[ kanXn dnt¸mÀ«v
1. BapJw
lnam-ebw Ign-ªm ]Ýn-a-L-«-amWv `mc-X-¯nse Gähpw {][m ]Àh-X-n-c.
cmPy-¯nsâ Imem-h-Ø, iotXmjvW ØnXn, a®nsâ ^e-`q-bn-jvT-X F¶o Imcy-§fn ]Ýn-a-L«w nÀWm-b-I-amb kzm[ow sNep-¯p-¶p. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-¯nsâ Ieh-d- IqSn-bmb ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nsâ X-Xmb ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw ssPhsshhn-[yhpw `mc-X¯nsâ ne-n¸nv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
`qan-bnse Pohsâ ASn-Øm--amWv ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw. ssPh-ssh-hn-[y irwJ-ebpsS Gähpw {][m- I®n hnth-I-apÅ ap-jy³ Xs¶-bm-Wv. Cu hne-s¸« ssPhssh-hn-[ys¯ kwc-£n-¡m-pÅ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw ap-jy-p-­v. Cu irwJ-e-bpsS
Hmtcm I®nbpw jvS-s¸-Sp-t¼m-Ä AXv ap-jysâ ne-n¸v Xs¶ A]-I-S-¯n-em¡pw. ssPhssh--hn[yw hyXykvX am-§-fpÅ k¦oÀW-amb Hcm-i-b-amWv. hnj-b¯nsâ k¦oÀWX DÄs¡m­p-sIm-­mWv ½Ä ]Ýn-a-L« kwc£Whp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« {]iv-§sf kao-]n-t¡-­-Xv.
2. KmUvKn I½nän dnt¸mÀ«pw IkvXqcncwK³ I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«pw
hyXy-kvX-amb Bhm-k-hy-hØI-fp-sSbpw Poh-Pm-e-§-fp-sSbpw Cuän-Ã-amb
]Ýn-a-L«
ae-n-c-I-fnÂ
amp-jn-I-
CS-s]-S-ep-IÄsIm­v
ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-¯nÂ
timjWw D­m-Ip-¶-Xmbn hnhn[ Kth-jW dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ kqNn-¸n-¨p. CtX-¯p-SÀ¶v
tI{µ Kh¬saâv, s{]m^.am[hv KmUvKn A[y-£-mbn ]Ýn-a-L-«- hnZKv[ kanXnsb (WGEEP) nb-an-¨p. ]ÝnaL«-¯nse Ct¸m-gs¯ AhØ Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯p-I,
1986þse ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£Wnbaw Ap-im-kn-¡pw-{]-Imcw ]Ýn-a-L«w DÄs¸-Sp¶
{]tZ-i-§-fnse ]cn-ØnXn hnteme taJeI-fpsS AXnÀ¯n tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n hnÚm]w sN¿p-I, P-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯msS ]ÝnaL«-w kwc-£n-¡mpw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n¡mpapÅ ip]mÀi-IÄ ÂIp-I F¶o Dt±-i-§-tfm-sS-bmWv Cu I½nän cq]o-I-cn-¨Xv. KmUvKn I½nän 2010 amÀ¨v 30 v {]hÀ¯w Bcw`n¨p. 2011 BK-Ìn tI{µ ]cnØnXn hw a{´m-e-b-¯n-p-ap-¼msI I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n-¨p. ]Ýn-a-L« taJesb ]cn-Øn-Xn-bpsS ZpÀ_-em-hØ IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v ESZ 1, ESZ 2, ESZ 3 F¶n-
1

9. §s aq¶v taJ-e-I-fmbn Xncn¨v Hmtcm hn`m-K-¯nepw hyXy-kvX-amb nb-{´-W-§Ä
GÀs¸-Sp-¯m³ KmUvKn I½nän ip]mÀi sNbvXp.
F¶m Cu dnt¸mÀ«p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v kwØm Kh¬saâp-I-fp-sSbpw
s]mXp-P--§-fpsSbpw
`mK-¯p-n¶v
]cm-Xn-IÄ
DbÀ¶-Xn-s-¯p-SÀ¶v
tI{µ
Kh¬saâv, Cu kan-Xn-bpsS ip]mÀi-IÄ ka-{K-ambn ]p-c-h-tem-Iw sN¿p-¶-Xnpw
ip]mÀi-IÄ
S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ
B£³
¹m³
X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnpw
17.08.2012þse Kh¬saâv D¯-chv {]Imcw tUm.-sI.-I-kvXqcn cwK³ A[y-£-mbn
Hcp D¶-X-Xe {]hÀ¯I kanXnsb (Highlevel Working Group) nb-an-¨p. ]Ýn-a-L-«¯nse k¼p-jvS-amb ssPh-ssh-hn-[yhpw ]cn-Øn-Xnbpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-pw ChnSs¯ teme-amb BhmkhyhØ tcn-Sp¶ timjWw XS-bp-¶-Xn-papÅ nÀt±-i§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯pI F¶ e£y-hp-am-bmWv I½n-änsb nb-an-¨-Xv. ]cn-ØnXn, ssPhssh-hn[yw F¶n-h-bpsS kwc-£-Wt¯msSm¸w ChnsS ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Ign-bp¶
P-k-aq-l-¯nsâ, {]tXy-In¨v Zcn-{Z- Phn-`m-K-§-fpsS Xmev]-cy-§ÄIqSn kwc-£n¡pw-hn[apÅ ka-z-b-]-c-amb kao-]w kzoI-cn-¡m-mWv Kh¬saâv B I½n-äntbmSv Bh-iy-s¸-«-Xv. CXn-eqsS Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn P-§-sf-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯ns¡m­pÅ kpØnchnI-khpw P-k-aq-l-¯nsâ D¶-a-hpwIqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡Wsa-¶m-bn-cp¶p Kh¬saânsâ ImgvN-¸m-Sv.
IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän 2013 G{]n 15 v Kh¬saânv dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n-¨p.
Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ, ]Ýn-a-L«¯nse 40 iX-am--t¯mfw hcp¶ {]tZiw ESA
(Ecologically Sensitive Area) Bbn thÀXn-cn¨v kwc-£n-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-«p. tIc-f¯nse 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fmWv C§s ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fmbn {]Jym-]n-¡m³
IkvXqcncwK³ I-½n-än nÀt±-in-¨-Xv. ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZiw Is­-¯m³ KmUvKnÂ
I½nän nÀt±-in¨ b-¯n IkvXqcn cwK³ I½n-än Nne yq-X-IÄ Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨p.
(using criteria with incomplete back-up information, identifying ESZs without taking
into account human cultural component which is part of biodiversity, livelihood and
development needs of human population and the large grid size used for zonation –
Page 46 of the report).
Cu yq-X-IÄ ]cn-l-cn¨v Iptd-¡qSn bpàn-k-l-hp-w imkv{Xo-b-hp-amb hn[¯n ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§Ä nÀW-bn-¡m-m-bn-cp¶p, IkvXqcncwK³ I½n-änbpsS Xocp-am-w. CXn-p-th­n B I½nän D]-{Klw D]-tbm-Kn¨v dntam«v sk³kn§v
kmt¦-XnI hnZy {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯n. AXp-t]mse, ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw, h-§-fpsS
2

10. Xp­p-h¡-cWw apX-em-b-hsb¸än-bpÅ hnh-c-§Ä C´ym Kh¬saâv iqy-Imi
hIp-¸v, _tbm-sS-Ivtm-fPn hIp¸v F¶n-hn-S-§-fn n¶v tiJ-cn-¨p. hn]p-e-amb hnhc-ti-Jcw (data base) D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§Ä Is­-¯n.
]Ýn-a-L-«s¯ ‘Natural Landscape’, ‘Cultural Landscape’ F¶v c­mbn hn`Pn-¨p. h-§-fpw, kwc-£n-X-{]-tZ-i-§-fpw, h-§Ä t]mse kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ aäv
{]tZ-i-§-fp-amWv
‘Natural
Landscape’.
AXp-t]mse
Pm-[n-hm-k-tI-{µ-§-fpw
IrjnØe-§fpw tXm«-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶Xm-Wv ‘Cultural Landscape’. C§s m¨pd emâvkvtI¸v Bbn Is­¯nb Øe-§Ä ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fmtWm
F¶v nÀW-bn-¡p-¶-Xnv Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ LS-I-§-fpsS ØnXnIqSn I½nän ]cn-K-Wn-¨p;
ssPh-ssh-hn[y k¼p-jvS-X, Xp­p-Xp-­m-bn-¡n-S¡m¯ h{]tZ-i-§Ä, Ipdª Pkm-{µ-X, kwc-£n-X-h--§-fp-sSbpw temI-ss]-XrI tI{µ-§-fp-sSbpw kmao-]yw, BIfpw ISp-h-Ifpw k©-cn-¡p¶ h CS-m-gn-I-fpsS kmao]yw F¶o LS-I-§Äs¡mtcm¶npw nÝnX aXn¸v ÂIn AXnsâ ASn-Øm--¯n-emWv ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZi-§-sf IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän I­¯nbXv.
Hcp hntÃ-Pnse 20 iX-amw {]tZisa¦nepw ]cn-ØnXnteme-ambn I­mÂ, B
hn-tÃ-Pns apgp-h-mbn ]cn-ØnXnteme-ambn IcpXpI F¶ bhpw IkvXqcn cwK³
I½nän kzoI-cn-¨p.
dnt¸mÀ«v ]d-bp¶p, “This approach is much more conservative
and indeed meaningful than treating an entire Taluk as ESA” (Page – 57). C§-sbmWv 123 hntÃ-Pp-Isf ]cn-Øn-Xn-tem-e-ambn (ESA) {]Jym-]n-¡m³ IkvXq-cn-cw-K³
I½nän ip]mÀi sNbvX-Xv. Cu XXz-a-p-k-cn¨v hnhn[ kwØm--§-fn m¨p-dÂ
emâvkvtI¸v Bbn I½nän nÀW-bn¨ Øe-§-fp-sS-bpw, AXn ]cn-ØnXntemew
F¶p Is­-¯nb Øe-§-fp-sSbpw hnkvXoÀWw tm¡p-I.
3

11. aäv kwØm--§-fnse ]cn-ØnXn teme {]tZ-i-§-fpsS hnkvXrXn Ahn-Sps¯
Natuaral Landscapeþsâ hnkvXr-Xn-sb-¡mÄ Ipd-hm-Wv. ]t£ tIc-f-¯nÂam{Xw
Natuaral Landscapeþsâ hnkvXoÀWs¯¡mÄ IqSp-X-emWv ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i¯nsâ hnkvXr-Xn. At¸mÄ, P-hm-k-tI-{µhpw Irjn-Ø-ehpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ Cultural
Landscapeþsâ Hcp `mKw ]cn-ØnXnteme-ambn FSp-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p F¶À°w.
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw hfscb[nIw ]cm-Xn-IÄ¡v CXv CSw ÂIn. KmUvKn dnt¸mÀ«nse
]cn-Øn-Xn-tem-e-{]-tZ-is¯¸än ]cm-aÀin-¡th, IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän S-¯nb
hnaÀi--§Ä Ct¸mÄ IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½n-än-s¡-Xn-cmbn IqSp-X iàn-tbmsS P§Ä D¶-bn-¡m³ XpS-§n.
I½n-än-bpsS dnt¸mÀ«v ]pd-¯p-h-¶-Xn-s-¯p-SÀ¶v B {]tZ-i§fnse P-k-aq-l¯n n¶v, {]tXy-In¨v IÀj-Icn n¶v Ht«sd ]cm-Xn-IÄ D­mbn. dnt¸mÀ«nÂ
]cm-aÀin¨ {]Imcw Cu {]tZ-i-§sf ]cn-ØnXntemeambn hnÚm]w sNbvXmÂ
hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ nb-{´-W-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-cmbn Pohn-t¡-­n-h-cp-sa-¶pw, ChnSs¯ hnI-k ]²-Xn-IÄ¡v {]Xn-_-Ô-§Ä D­m-Ip-sa¶ s]mXp-hmb Bi-¦bpw
D­m-bn. AhnsS {]t£m`w XpS-§n. B kml-N-cy-¯n 21.10.2013 v _lp. apJy-a{´n
{io. D½³ Nm­n hnfn-¨p-Iq-«nb kÀh-I£ntbmK-¯n dnt¸mÀ«nse A]m-I-X-Ifpw
CXv kw_-Ôn¨pÅ ]cm-XnIfpw ]cnl-cn-¡-W-sa¶v P-{]-Xn-n-[n-IÄ Bh-iy-s¸-«p.
3. hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS cq]o-I-cWw
IkvXqcncwK³ kan-Xn-bpsS ip]mÀi-IÄ _m[n-¡p¶ 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fnse P{]-Xn-n-[n-IÄ, k¶² kwL-S--IÄ, s]mXp-P-§Ä F¶n-h-cn n¶pw A`n-{]m-b§Ä Bcmªv Ah IqSn ]cn-K-Wn¨v Bh-iy-amb nÀt±-i-§Ä kaÀ¸n-¡mmbn Hcp
kan-Xnsb cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW¶v apJy-a{´n Adnbn¨p.
Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯n tIcf kÀ¡mÀ 29.10.2013þse 162/13/]cn. (km-[m) ¼À
D¯-chv {]Imcw ssPhsshhn[y t_mÀUv sNbÀam³ tUm.-D-½³ hn. D½³ I¬ho-dm-bpw, tIcf imkv{X kmt¦-XnI Iu¬kn FIvkn-Iyq-«nhv sshkv {]kn-Uâv
tUm.-hn.-F³. cmP-ti-J-c-]n-Å, ap³ d_À t_mÀUv sNbÀam-mb {io.]n.-kn. kndnbIv
F¶n-hÀ AwK-§-fp-am-bpÅ Hcp aq¶wK kan-Xn¡p cq]w ÂIn. tI{µ ]cnØnXnþhw a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ IcSv hnÚm-]-hpw ip]mÀiIfpw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn¨v,
dnt¸mÀ«nse ip]mÀi-IÄ _m[n-¡p¶ kwØms¯ 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fnse P-{]-Xn-n[n-IÄ, Cu hnj-b-¯n cq]o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ P-Iob kan-Xn-IÄ, ]cn-ØnXn kwLS--IÄ, IÀjI kwL-S--IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS CXv kw_Ôn¨ A`n-{]mbw Ad-nªv,
4

12. Ah IqSn ]cn-K-Wn¨v IcSv hnÚm-]w kw_-Ôn¨v kwØm kÀ¡m-cnv tI{µkÀ¡m-cns Adn-bn-¡m-pÅ A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-m-hiy-amb hni-Z-amb Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n-¡m-mWv kan-Xn-tbmSv Bh-iy-s¸-«-Xv.
dnt¸mÀ«n-s-¡p-dn-¨v P-§Ä¡v icn-bmb Ah-t_m-[-ap-­m-¡m³ CXnsâ aebmf
]cn-`mj
kwØm
ssPh-ssh-hn[y
t_mÀUv
X¿m-dm-¡-n
t_mÀUnsâ
sh_vssk-än {]ko-²o-I-cn-¡Wsa¶pw ]pkvX-I-cq-]-¯nem¡n Bh-iy-¡mÀ¡v e`yam-¡Wsa¶pw _lp.-ap-Jy-a{´n Bh-iy-s¸-«p.
4. kan-Xn-bpsS sXfn-sh-Sp¸v
tUm.-D-½³ hn. D½³, tUm. cmP-ti-J-c³]nÅ, {io. ]n.-kn. kndn-bIv F¶n-hÀ
]s¦-Sp¯ D¶-X-Xe hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS BZytbmKw 8.11.2013 v cmhnse 11 aWn¡v
ssX¡mSv Kh¬saâv KÌvlukn tNÀ¶p. Cu tbmK-¯nÂ, ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§Ä
kµÀin¨v P{]Xn-n-[n-I-fpsSbpw IÀj-I-kw-L-§-fp-sSbpw ]cn-ØnXn kwL-SI-fpsSbpw IÀj-I-cp-sSbpw aäv Pkaq-l-§-fp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-§Ä Bcm-bm³ Xocp-amn-¨p. CXn-mbn ]¯-w-Xn-«, tIm«-bw, XriqÀ, ae-¸p-dw, CSp-¡n, hb-m-Sv, tImgn-t¡mSv, I®qÀ, ]me-¡mSv, sImÃw, Xncp-h--´-]pcw PnÃ-I-fn sXfn-sh-Sp¸p S-¯mpw,
_Ô-s¸« PnÃm If-IvSÀamÀ hgnbpw ]{Xam[y-a-§Ä hgnbpw hym]-I-amb {]N-cWw
ÂImpw hnZKv[ kanXn Xocp-am-n-¨p.
CXn-n-S-bn 13.11.2013 epw 16.11.2013 epw IkvXqcn cwK³ I½n-än-bpsS ip]mÀiIÄ AwKo-I-cn-¨-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-¡p¶ Hmtcm Hm^okv D¯-c-hpIÄ tI{µw hw ]cnØnXn a{´m-ebw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨p. ip]mÀi-IÄ FÃmw ne-hn h¶p Ignªp
F¦n tIc-f-kw-Øm--¯nsâ Cu hnZKv[kan-Xnbv¡v {]k-àn-bpt­m F¶
tNmZyw DbÀ¶p-h-¶p. AXn-s-¯p-SÀ¶v tIcf apJy-a{´n tI{µkÀ¡m-cp-ambn _Ôs¸-«v, CXv kw_-Ôn¨ Bt£-]-§-fpw kwØm kÀ¡m-cnsâ ip]mÀi-Ifpw kaÀ¸n¡m³ kmh-Imiw tSn-sb-Sp-¯p.
kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw IkvXq-cncwK³ I½nän dnt¸m-À«n tIc-f-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸«
`mK§Ä
XÀÖa
sN¿p-Ibpw
ssPh-ssh-hn[y
AXns
t_mÀUnse
kwØm
DtZym-K-ØÀ
t{ImUo-I-cn¨v
ssPhsshhn[y
t_mÀUnsâ
www.keralabiodiversity.org F¶ sh_vssk-än t]mÌv sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp
e£-t¯mfwt]À sh_vsskäv kµÀin-¨p. IqSmsX Cu dnt¸mÀ«v, t_mÀUnse DtZymK-ØÀ ]pkvXIcq]-¯n X¿m-dm¡n 10,000 tIm¸n-IÄ Bh-iy-¡mÀ¡v
kuP-y-
ambn e`y-am-¡n. dnt¸mÀ«v kw_-Ôn¨v P-§-fpsS kwi-b-§Ä Zqco-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn
5

13. XpS-§nb 24 aWn-¡qdpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ 4 sSen-t^m¬ ¼-dp-I-fn-embn 40,000
t¯mfw t]À _Ô-s¸-Sp-Ibp­mbn. kwØm ssPh-ssh-hn[y t_mÀUnse DtZymKØ-cmWv Cu 24 aWn-¡qÀ t^mWn-eqsSbpÅ tkhw P-§Ä¡v e`y-am-¡nb-Xv.
kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw dnt¸mÀ«v kw_-Ôn¨ Bi-¦-IÄ Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn
]{X-am-[y-a-§Ä hgn t_mÀUv CXv kw_-Ôn¨v hym]-I-amb {]N-c-Whpw ÂInbncp¶p. I½n-än-bpsS sXfn-sh-Sp¸p-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]N-cWw, kwLm-Sw, sXfn-sh-Sp¸p-I-fn Dcp-¯n-cnª A`n-{]m-b-§-fpsS t{ImUo-I-c-Ww, A´na dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p¶-Xnv
kan-Xn¡pth­
klmbw
F¶n-h-sbÃmw
kwØm
ssPh-ssh-hn[y
t_mÀUmWv nÀh-ln-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
]Ýn-a-L«¯nse ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§sf {]Xn-n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶ temIvk`mwK§Ä, nb-a-k-`mw-K-§Ä, k¶² kwL-S--IÄ XpS-§n-b-h-cp-ambpw CXv kw_Ôn¨ NÀ¨-IÄ S¯n A`n-{]m-b-§Ä Bcm-bm³ Xocp-am-n-¨p. CX-p-k-cn-¨pÅ
{]hÀ¯--§-fp-ambn kanXn apt¶m-«p-t]m-bn. _lp. apJy-a{´n {io. D½³ Nm­n-bpambn ]e-X-hW NÀ¨- S-¯m³ I½n-än¡v Ign-ªp. ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc£Ww Dd¸m-¡p-t¼mįs¶ kmamyP§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡m-¯
hn[-¯n ]Ýn-a-L«w kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ nÀt±-i-§-fmWv th­-sX¶v
_lp.
apJy-a{´n hyà-am-¡n.
5. temI-k`mw-K-§fpsSbpw nb-a-k-`mw-K-§fpsSbpw tbmKw
sk{I-«-dn-tb-änse ZÀ_mÀlmfn 13.11.2013 cmhnse 10.30 vv tNÀ¶ tbmK¯nÂ
IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän dnt¸mÀ«nt·epÅ hnZKv[kanXn I¬ho--À s{]m^. D½³ hn.
D½³ A[y-£-X- hln-¨p. hnZKv[kan-Xn-bw-Kamb {io.]n.-kn. kndn-bIv ]s¦-Sp-¯p.
Fw.-]n.-amÀ, No^v hn¸v, Fw.-FÂ.-F.-amÀ F¶n-h-cpÄs¸sS 26 t]À tbmK-¯n k¶nln-X-cmbn X§-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n. tI{µ a{´n-amÀ tcJm-aqew X§fpsS A`n-{]m-b-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n.
P-{]-Xn-n-[n-IÄ D¶bn¨ {][m nÀt±-i-§Ä Xmsg-¸-d-bp-¶p:
 dnt¸mÀ«n ]cn-ØnXnteme (ESA) {]tZ-i-§-fmbn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-h an¡hmdpw Pkm{µX IqSnb {]tZ-i-§fpw Irjn-t¯m-«-§fpw B-b-Xn-m Ahsb
Hgn-hm-¡-Ww.
 sNdp-InS Xma-k-¡mÀ¡v hoSv, aäv nÀ½m-W-{]-hÀ¯§Ä F¶nh sN¿m-mIm¯ ØnXn- Hgn-hm-¡-Ww.
6

14.  dnt¸mÀ«p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v hw-h-Ip¸v kzoI-cn-¡p¶ ntcm-[ S-]-Sn-IÄ
nÀ¯n-h-bv¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn teme {]tZ-i-¯nsâ AXncv nÀW-bn-¡m³ hntÃPv, UoamÀt¡-j³
bqWnäv Bbn FSp-¯n-«pÅXv amä-Ww.
 h-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n tm¡n C.-F-kv.-F.-bpsS AXncv nÀWbn-¡-Ww.
 1.1.1977 ap¼v Ap-`-h-¯n-ep-ÅXpw ]«bw sImSp-¡p-sa¶v hmKvZmw ÂIn-bn-«pÅ- Hcp Øehpw ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-S-cp-Xv.
 hw-h-Ip-¸nsâ nb-{´-W-¯n-epÅ Øe-§Ä tm«nss^ sN¿-Ww
 Ct¸mÄ S-¡p¶ nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯--§Ä nÀ¯nhbv¡cpXv.
 NXp-c-{i-In-tem-ao-ädnv 100þpta P-kwJy F¶ am-ZWvUw ]men-¨v A{Xbpw
Pkm{µ-X-bpÅ hntÃ-Pp-Isf ]qÀ®-ambpw Cu ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-¯nsâ
]cn-[n-bn n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡Ww.
 ]-cn-ØnXnkulrZ KrlnÀ½mW ]²-Xn (Ecofriendly Housing Scheme) kw_Ôn¨v hyàX thWw.
 Bscbpw IpSn-sbm-gn-¸n-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
 ]md-s]m-«n-¡Â, a-WÂ Jw XpS-§n-bh s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn-em-¡m³ Ign-bptam
F¶ Imcyw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
 {]mtZ-inIamb hnI-k {]hÀ¯--§Ä ]mSnà F¶ ip]mÀi amä-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn-se {]hÀ¯--§Äs¡Ãmw {Kma-k-`-bpsS ap³Iq-«nbpÅ F³.-H.-kn. thW-sa¶ ip]mÀi- amä-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L«w F´p- hn-e-sIm-Sp¯pw kwc-£n-¡-Ww.
 Nph¸v Imä-K-dn-bn DÄs¸-Sp¯n-bn-«pÅ hyh-km-b-§Ä, sXÀa ]hÀ t{]mPIvSp-IÄ apX-em-bh XS-b-Wsa¶v dnt¸mÀ«n ]d-bp-¶-XpsIm­v IÀj-IÀ¡v
tZmjsa¶pw hcn-Ã.
 h-t¯mSv tNÀ¶v 100 aoäÀ _^Àtkm¬ D­m¡n ]cnØnXn kwc-£n-¡Ww.
 ssPh¡rjn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-Ww.
7

15. 6. I½nän S-¯nb knänwKpI-fpsS hnhcw
w.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
XobXn
26.11.2013
26.11.2013
26.11.2013
26.11.2013
27.11.2013
27.11.2013
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
27.11.2013
28.11.2013
28.11.2013
28.11.2013
28.11.2013
28.11.2013
29.11.2013
29.11.2013
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
03.12.2013
03.12.2013
03.12.2013
03.12.2013
04.12.2013
04.12.2013
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
04.12.2013
07.12.2013
07.12.2013
07.12.2013
09.12.2012
26.
27.
28.
09.12.2013
12.12.2013
13.12.2013
29.
18.12.2013
30.
18.12.2013
Øew
Bdfw ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, I®qÀ
sIm«n-bqÀ ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, I®qÀ
sNdp-h-t©-cn, ]mSyw ]©m-b¯v
am-´-hmSn ]©mb¯v I½yq-Wnän lmÄ, hb-mSv
Iev]ä If-IvS-tdäv, hb-mSv
tImS-t©cn ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv ]cn-k-cw, acn-b³
Ieym-W -a-WvU]w, tImgn-t¡mSv
Xncp-h-¼mSn Ap-cmKv BUn-täm-dnbw, tImgn-t¡mSv
Imhne¼md ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, tImgn-t¡mSv
Iqcm-¨p­v ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, tImgn-t¡mSv
ne-¼qÀ apn-kn-¸m-enän, ae-¸pdw
Imfn-Imhv I½yq-Wnän lmÄ, ae-¸pdw
Icp-hm-c-¡p­v ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, ae-¸pdw
a®mÀ¡mSv t»m¡v ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, ]me-¡mSv
s·md ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, PWD sdÌv lukv,
]me-¡mSv
ASn-amen ]©m-b¯v Su¬ lmÄ, CSp¡n
tZhn-Ipfw Xmeq¡v Hm^okv, CSp¡n
sSp-¦­w Xmeq¡v Hm^okv, CSp¡n
h{io HmUn-täm-dn-bw, Ipanfn, CSp¡n
I«-¸ Su¬lmÄ, CSp¡n
sNdp-tXmWn (C-Sp¡n If-IvS-tdäv þ ss]mhv),
CSp¡n
sXmSp-]pg apn-kn-¸Â lmÄ, CSp¡n
Iq«n-¡Â ]©m-b¯v, tIm«bw
Cucm-äp-t]« t»m¡v Hm^okv, tIm«bw
]¯-w-Xn« If-IvS-tdäv
A¼qcn, amen-¸-d-¼n sat½m-dn-b lmÄ, Xncp-h-´-]pcw
sX·e ]©m-b¯v Hm^okv, sImÃw
Nme-¡p-Sn ]cn-bmcw I½yq-Wnän lmÄ XriqÀ PnÃ
kb³kv Bâv sSIvtm-fPn ayqknbw lmÄ (]-cnØnXn {]hÀ¯-IÀ am{Xw)
imkv{X `h³, Xncp-h--´-]pcw (]-cn-ØnXn {]hÀ¯IÀ am{Xw)
AUoj-W No^v sk{I-«-dn, A{Kn-¡Ä¨À s{]mU£³ I½o-j-WÀ F¶n-h-cp-am-bpÅ aoänwKv
8

16. I½nän hnhn[ PnÃ-I-fn S-¯nb knänw-Kp-I-fn h³tXm-Xn-epÅ P-]-¦m-fn¯hpw {]Xn-I-c-W-hp-amWv D­m-b-Xv. 30,000 t¯mfw t]À knän-wKp-I-fn ]s¦-Sp¯v
X§-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-§fpw ]cm-Xn-Ifpw tcn«d-nbn-¨p. 8976 ]cm-Xn-IfmWv tcJm-aqew
e`n-¨Xv. e`n¨ At]-£-I-fpsS Ah-tem-Iw Xmsg tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶p:
DISTRICTWISE DETAILS OF COMPLAINTS RECIEVED
3500
3000
3131
2500
2000
1856
1500
1437
1000
500
0
1038
33
26
233
292
272
443
165
50
7. s]mXp-P--§-Ä D¶-bn¨ {][m A`n-{]m-b-§Ä
7.1. {]Xn-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw
 Irjn-`q-anbpw P--hmktI{µ-§fpw ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme taJ-e-I-fn DÄs¸-«n-«pÅXv Hgn-hm-¡-Ww.
 as®m-en¸v
XS-bm³
imkv{Xo-b-amb
ap³I-cp-X-temsS
Irjn
sN¿p¶
{lkzIme hnf-IÄ¡v nb-{´Ww ]mSn-Ã.
 Irjn, km[m-cW P-Po-hnXw F¶n-hbv¡v nb-{´-W-§sfm¶pw ]mSn-Ã.
 IÀj-I-cpsS hcp-amw hÀ²n-¸-n¡m-pÅ kwhn-[mw D­m-¡-Ww.
 t^mdÌv P­-bn«v AXnÀ¯n nÀWbn-¨n-«pÅ h-{]-tZ-i-§Ä am{Xw ]cnØnXn ZpÀ_e {]tZ-i-§-fn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bm aXn.
 N.-In.-ao-ä-dnv 100 t]cn IqSp-X P-km-{µ-X-bpÅ hntÃ-Pp-Isf asämcp am-ZÞhpw tm¡msX ]cn-ØnXnteme- ta-J-e-bn n¶pw Hgn-h-m¡-Ww.
9

17.  dntam«v sk³knwKv kmt¦-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-sIm-­pÅ C.-F-kv.F. nÀWb-¯n IrXy-X-bn-Ã. IrXy-amb ^oÂUv kÀth S¯n AXnÀ¯n nÀW-bn¡p-I.
 InWÀ, Ipfw F¶nh Ipgn-¡m³ ]cn-Ø-nXn hIp-¸nsâ Ap-aXn thWsa¶
n_-Ô Hgn-hm-¡-Ww.
 a®v kwc-£W {]hÀ¯--§-Ä IÀj-Isâ ]c-¼-cm-KX Ad-nhp-h-¨p-sIm­v
sN¿p-¶-Xnv nb-a-X-SÊw ]mSn-Ã.
 sNdp-InS ma-am{X IÀj-IÀ¡v hoSv nÀan-¡mmbn kz´w `qan-bn n¶pw
IÃpw aWepw FSp¯v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶Xnv nb-{´Ww ]mSn-Ã.
 hfÀ¯p-ar-K-]-cn-]m-e--¯nv nb-{´W§Ä D­m-h-cp-Xv.
 ]c-¼-cm-KX aÕy-_-Ô--¯nv XSÊw D­m-I-cp-Xv.
 kz´w Irjn-Ø-e¯v acw hfÀ¯p-¶Xpw apdn-¡p-¶Xpw IÀj-Isâ Ah-Im-iambn ne-nÀ¯-Ww.
 Pem-i-b-§fn XS-bW nÀan-¡p-¶-Xnpw ag-¡p-gn-IÄ nÀan-¡p-¶-Xnpw nb{´-W-§Ä D­m-h-cp-Xv.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse Hcp {]tZ-i¯pw Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ t]mepÅ s]mXp-Øm-]-§Ä¡pw, tdmUv, ]mew nÀ½m-W-¯npw hnI-k ]²-Xn-I-fpsS S-¸m-¡enpw XS-Ê-ap-­m-I-cp-Xv.
 `qan-bpsS {Ib-hn-{I-bw, hmbv]-sb-Sp-¡Â F¶n-hbv¡v XSÊw D­m-I-cp-Xv.
 P-§sf
IpSn-sbm-gn-¸n-¡p¶tXm,
AsÃ-¦nÂ
ZpÊ-l-amb
nb-{´-W-§Ä
ImcWw kzbw IpSn-sbm-gnªv t]mIm³ nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-Itm DÅ kml-Ncyw
D­m-h-cp-Xv.
 1977 Pp-hcn 1þv ap¼v Ap-`-h-¯n-en-cn-¡p¶ `qan-IÄ¡v ]«bw ÂIp-hm-pÅ
Xocp-am--¯nv dnt¸mÀ«v XS-Ê-am-I-cp-Xv.
 C.-F-^v.-FÂ. (]-cn-ØnXn ZpÀ_e taJ-e) nbaw þ 2003 d±m-¡-Ww.
 C.-F-kv.-F. `mhn-bn C.-F-^v.-FÂ. Bbn amäp-I-bnà F¶ Dd¸p ÂI-Ww.
 Pkm{µX IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xnv 2011 sk³k-kns B{i-bn-¡-Ww.
 IÀj-IÀ, hw nb-a-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-ambn kz´w Øe¯v Pohn-¡pIbpw
Irjn sN¿pIbpw thW-sa-¶pÅ n_-Ô D­m-I-cp-Xv.
 IÀj-IÀ Ap-hÀ¯n-¡p¶ {]IrXn, ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£-W {]hÀ¯--§sf
ImWm-Xn-cn-¡-cp-Xv.
10

18.  ne-hn ImSp kwc-£n-¡mpw mSp c£n-¡mpw [mcmfw nb-a-§Ä DÅt¸mÄ ]pXn-bh krjvSn-¡p-I-b-Ã, DÅ-hbpsS Imcy-£-aamb S-¯n-¸mWv
Bh-iyw.
 30 Un{Kn-bn IqSp-X Ncn-hpÅ {]tZ-i-§-fn X¶m­v hnf-IÄ am{Xta
Irjn sN¿mhq F¶ ip]mÀi; ChnsS a®v kwc-£W S-]SnIÄ (tIm-­qÀ
_­v) ssIs¡m-­n-«mWv Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv F¶ Imcyw a-Ên-em-¡m-sX-bmWv
ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
 bq¡m-en]vävkv t]mepÅ GI hnf-IÄ ]mSnà F¶ ip]mÀi d_À, Im¸n,
tXbne, Gew apX-emb mWyhnf-I-fpsS Irjnsb _m[n-¡pw.
 C.-F-kv.-F. {]tZ-i-§-fpsS _^À tkmWnsâ hoXn 10 In.ao. F¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡pI.
 hhpw Irjn-`q-anbpw X½n hyà-amb thÀXn-cnhv D­m-¡-Ww. hm-XnÀ¯nbn tkmfmÀ s^³knwKv/ Ce-Iv{SnIv s^³knwKv GÀs¸-Sp¯n AXnÀ¯n,
skIyq-cnän t^mgvknsâ taÂtm-«-¯n-em-¡-Ww (Environmental Policing).
hy-ar-K-§-Ä hm-XnÀ¯n-bn n¶pw ]pd-¯p-I-S-¡p-¶Xv XSªv Ah-bpsS
B{I-a-W-¯n n¶pw P-§sf c£n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£W {]hÀ¯--§Ä {Kma-k-`-bn NÀ¨ sNbvXv ]©m-b¯nsâbpw P-Iob ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw tXr-Xz¯n S-¸m-¡-Ww, Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw hw ]cn-ØnXn hIp-¸nv Npa-Xe
ÂI-cpXv.
 60 hb-Êp-I-gnª IÀj-IÀ¡v {]Xn-amkw 3,000 cq]-sb-¦nepw s]³j³
ÂIWw.
7.2.
ApIq-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw
 Aan-Xhpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-hp-amb Icn-¦Â Jw DcpÄs]m-«enp Imc-W-am-Ip¶-Xn-m CXv ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn¡v XI-cm-dp-­m-¡p¶ bq¡m-en-t]m-epÅ hr£-§Ä «p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn nb-{´Ww thWw.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-{]-tZ-i-§-fn aW Jw nb-{´n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn kwc£Ww P-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯msS S-¸m-¡p-I.
 kwc£W {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡v oÀ¯-Sm-[n-jvTnX kao-]w kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.
11

19.  ]©m-b¯v amÌÀ ¹m³ cq]o-I-c-W-¯nv {Kma-]-©m-b-¯p-IÄ ssPh-ssh-hn[y
t_mÀUv cq]o-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ sSIvn-¡Â kt¸mÀ«v {Kq¸pÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hnZ-Kv[-·mcpsS tkhw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯Ww, CXv P-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯msS X¿m-dm-¡-Ww.
 am-Z-WvU-§Ä {]Imcw ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn DÄs¸-Sp-t¯-­n-bncp¶ Nne {]tZ-i-§Ä dnt¸mÀ«n DÄs¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-«nÃ, CXv ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn DÄs¸-Sp-¯m¯ {]tZ-i-§-fnepw A-[n-IrX
Jw apX-em-bh ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXnteme
{]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
DÄs¸-Sp¶
h-{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ
ap-jysâ
IS¶p Ib-ä-§Ä; ]pXnb tdmUp-IÄ, AW-s¡-«p-IÄ, sI«n-S-§Ä XpS-§n-bh
Ap-h-Zn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
 dnt¸mÀ«p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Am-h-iyamb `oXn ]c-¯p-¶-hÀs¡-Xnsc IÀi-amb S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I.
 C.-F-kv.-F.bn IoS-m-in-n-bpsS D]-tbmKw L«wL«-ambn Ipd-bv¡p-I, CXnmbn FÃm ]©m-b¯pIfnepw t]mfn-lukn ]¨-¡dn¡rjn- -S-¸m-¡-Ww.
 C.-F-kv.-F. bn 20,000 N.-ao-äÀ hym]vXn-bpÅ sI«n-S-§fpw, 50 G¡À hsc-bpÅ Su¬jn¸p-Ifpw Ap-h-Z-o-b-am-sW¶ hyhØ ]px-¸-cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXn BLm-X-ap-­m-¡p¶ sP.-kn.-_n. t]mepÅ b{´-§-fpsS D]-tbmKw
]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn am{X-aà aän-S-§-fnepw nb-{´n-¡-Ww.
 an-d hm«À tiJ-cn¨p hn¡p¶ kwcw-`-§Ä ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
nb-{´n-¡-Ww.
 hml--§fpsS F®¯nv nb-{´-Ww GÀs¸-Sp-¯Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse 63 iX-amw {]tZ-is¯ IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän kmwkvImcnI `q{]-tZ-i-ambn Is­-¯nbn-«p-­v. Chn-S-§-fnse ]cn-ØnXn NqjWw kw_Ôn¨ hnh-c-§-sfm¶pw dnt¸mÀ«n Cà F¶Xv yq-X-bm-Wv.
 Umw nÀam-Ww, hyh-km-b§Ä, Jw F¶nh ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse Pe-t{km-XÊp-IfpsS h³tXm-Xn-epÅ -tim-j-W-¯nv hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶p-­v. CXnv XS-bn-«nsÃ-¦n cq£-amb Pe-£m-a-¯n-te¡v tIcfw o§m-n-S-bp-­v.
8. k¶² kwLSI-fpsS tbmK§fpw Dcp-¯n-cnª nÀt±-i-§fpw
]cn-ØnXn taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kÀ¡m-tcXc kwL-S--Ifn n¶pw
A`n-{]mbw kzcq-]n-¡p¶Xnmbn 13.12.2013 v {]nb-ZÀinn ¹n-täm-dnbw lmfn h¨pw
18.12.2013  imkv{X-`-h-n h¨pw knänwKv S-¯n. 13 kwL-S--I-fpsS {]Xn-n-[n-IÄ
12

20. tbmK-¯n ]s¦-Sp-¯p. IqSmsX nc-h[n kwL-S--IÄ t_mÀUv Hm^o-kn tcn«pw
CXv kw_-Ôn¨ A`n-{]m-b-§Ä kaÀ¸n-¨n-«p-­v. {]ikvX ]cn-ØnXn hnZ-Kv[-cmb
{ioa-Xn. kpK-X-Ip-amcn, tUm.-BÀ.-hn.-Pn. tatm³, tUm.-hn.-F-kv. hnP-b³, s{]m^. Fw.sI.- {]-kmZv F¶n-hcpw kwØm imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn-j¯v {]Xn-n-[nbpw tcns«¯n nÀt±-i-§Ä kaÀ¸n-¨p. {][m--s¸« nÀt±-i-§Ä NphsS tNÀ¡p-¶p.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-{]-tZ-i-§-fn Pn-X-I-amäw hcp-¯nb hnf-IÄ Ap-h-Zn-¡-cp-Xv.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-{]-tZ-i-§-fn ¹mÌnIv D]-tbmKw 3 hÀj-¯n-Iw ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
 Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnse tdmUv hnI-kw ]cn-ØnXn BLmX ]T--¯nsâ ASnØm--¯n-Â am{X-am-IWw.
 sI«nS nÀ½mWw ]cn-ØnXn kulr-Z-]-c-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
 kutcmÀÖw t]mep-Å ]cn-ØnXnkulrZ sshZyp-tXm¸m-Zw t{]mÂkm-ln¸n-¡-Ww.
 kzIm-cy-`q-an-I-fn kzm`m-hnI kky-Pm-e-§Ä ne-nÀ¯p-¶-Xnv km¼-¯nI
t{]mÕm-lw ÂI-Ww.
 cmk¡rjn-bn n¶pw ssPh-¡r-jn-bne¡v amdp-¶-hÀ¡v km¼-¯nI BpIqeyw ÂI-Ww.
 c­v ]ip-¡-sf-¦nepw DÅ-hÀ¡v _tbm-Kymkv ¹mâv nÀ½n-¡m³ km¼-¯nI
klmbw ÂI-Ww.
 ]cn-ØnXnkulr-Z-§-fmb
Irjn
t]mepÅ
kwcw-`-§Ä
S-¯p-¶-hÀ¡v
tkhthXw ÂI-Ww.
 C.-F-kv.-F.-I-fn J-w, ]md-s]m-«n-¡Â, aW Jw F¶nh ]qÀW-ambpw
ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
 XS-b-W-IÄ nÀ½n-¡m³ IÀj-IÀ¡v km¼-¯nI klmbw ÂI-Ww.
 Jw sIm­v in¨ Zn-I-fpsS Ccp-I-c-I-fnepw kwc-£-W- kwhn-[mw nÀan¡-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse ]cn-Øn-Xn-tem-e-amb sÃm-cp- ]¦v {]tZ-ihpw kmwkvIm-cnI
`q{]-tZiw F¶ ]«n-I-bn DÄs¸-Sp¯n Hgn-hm-¡mmWv IkvXq-cn-cw-K³
kanXn {ian¨n-«p-Å-Xv. kmwkv¡m-cn-I- `q{]-tZiambn nÀWbn-¨n«pÅ ssPhssh-hn[y k¼p-jS- {]tZ-i-§-fn h³tXm-Xn Jw t]mepÅ {]hÀ¯-§Ä S-¡p-¶p. CXv IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ kanXn ]cn-tim-[n-¨n-«n-Ã, adn¨v Cu io-IcW {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡v ]¨-s¡mSn ImWn-¡p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv.
13

21.  D]-{Kl
XnI¨pw
kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy
D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n
sXäm-Wv.
{]tZ-i-¯nsâ
Hcp
C.-F-kv.F.sb
]mcn-ØnXnI
thÀXncn-¨Xv
kwth-Z£aX
(Ecological sensitivity) nÀW-bn-¡p-¶-Xn B {]tZ-i-¯nsâ Ncn-hv, `qan-bpsS
InS¸v F¶nh hfsc {][m--am-sW-¶n-cns¡ IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ kanXn CsXm¶pw
]cn-K-Wn-¨n-«n-Ã.
 ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn 20,000 NXp-c{i aoäÀ hsc-bpÅ sI«n-S-§Ä
Ap-h-Zn¡mw F¶ ip]mÀi bpàn¡v nc-¡m-¯-Xm-Wv.
 {Kma-k`-I-fn NÀ¨sN¿m-sX-bmWv dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡n-bXv F¶-Xn-m Cu
{]tZ-i-§-fnse XÂØnXn nÀW-bn-¡p-¶-Xn k-anXn ]cm-P-b-s¸-«p.
 ]cn-Øn-Xn¡pw ap-jypw hncp-Zv[-amb Cu dnt¸mÀ«v ncm-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw,
kwtbm-PnX ImgvN-¸m-tSm-Sp-IqSn imkv{Xobambn X¿m-dm-¡-s¸« KmUvKn I½nddn dnt¸mÀ«v CXpambn _Ô-s¸-«-h-tcmSv; {]tXy-In¨v {Kma-k-`-I-fnÂ, NÀ¨
sNbvXp S-¸n-em-t¡-­-Xpam-Wv.
 ]cn-ØnXn kwc£-W-¯nepw hnI-k--{]-hÀ¯--§-fnepw thÀXn-cn-hp-­m¡n
P-§Ä¡n-S-bn ssiYneyw D­m-¡-cp-Xv.
 IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän dnt¸mÀ«n nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ ]ÝnaL« ]cn-ØnXn
AtXm-dn-än-bpsS {]hÀ¯w IqSp-X ià-am-¡m³ hyhØ sN¿-Ww.
 P-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯m-sS-bpÅ
]cn-ØnXn
kwc-£Ww
F¶
Bi-b-¯np
KmUvKn I½nän ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ {]mapJyw ÇmL-o-b-am-Wv.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse ocp-d-h-Ifpw Pe-t{km-X-Êp-Ifpw kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sm-¯-Xp-Xs¶-bmWv tIcfw tcn-Sp¶ PeZuÀe`y-¯n-pÅ apJy-Im-c-Ww.
 Ing-§p-hÀK-§Ä Hcp apJy `£y-hn-f-bmbn tIc-f-¯n D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-h-cp-¶p.
ac-¨on t]mepÅ hnf-IÄ tIc-f-¯nse Ncnª {]tZ-i-§-fn Irjn
sNbvXphcp¶Xv
C¯cw
hnf-I-Ä
ÂIp¶
`£y-kpc£m
{]m[myw
ap¶n¡-­m-Wv. AXn-m Ncnª {]tZ-i-§-fn C¯cw hnf-I-fpsS Irjn
ntcm-[n-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
 ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§-sf-¸-än-bpÅ Bi-¦bv¡v {][m--Im-cWw ]cn-ØnXn
ZpÀ_e nb-a-¯n³Io-gn (EFL) hw-h-Ip¸v sNdp-InS IÀj-I-cpsS `qan jvS]-cn-lmcw sImSp-¡msX Gsä-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv. Cu nb-a-¯nsâ Bhiyw Ah-kmn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. IÀj-IÀ am{X-aà {]apJ ]cn-ØnXn hnZ-Kv[À DÄs¸sS
C¡mcyw Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨n-«p-­v. AXn-m C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw d±v sN¿-Ww.
14

22. 9. hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS s]mXp-hmb ImgvN-¸mSv
]cn-ØnXn kulrZþkpØnchnI-k-w F¶ Bi-b-¯nv temI-s¯-¼mSpw
{]m[m-y-tadn hcn-I-bm-Wv. hnIk {]hÀ¯--§Ä kmamyP-§-fpsS PohnXnehm-c-¯n D¶-aw D­m-¡-Ww, AtX kabw hne-s¸« ]cn-ØnXn k¼-¯p-I-fpsS
io-I-c-Whpw aen-o-I-c-Whpw Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw Ap-h-Zn-¡m-m-hp-¶-Xp-a-Ã. ]cnØnXn hn`ht{kmX-Êp-I-fpsS Aan-X-amb NqjWw `mhnXe-ap-d-bpsS kzØ-amb
Pohn-X-s¯bpw `£ykpc-£-sbbpw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡psa¶pÅ kXyhpw mw
Xncn-¨-dn-tb-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AtX-kabw Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn Irjnbpw aäv sXmgn-ep-Ifpw
D]-Po-h--amÀK-am-¡nb kmamyP-§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡p¶
Hcp S-]-Sn-bpw D­m-Impw ]mSn-Ã.
ImÀjn-I-hr¯n ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Ap-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ ae-tbm-c-ta-J-e-bnse
IÀjIcpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-¯mÂ, Ch-cpsS ]qÀhn-IÀ AXy-²zm--¯n-eqsSbmWv X§-fpsS
{]tZ-i-§Ä C¶p-Im-Wp¶ coXn-bn ^e-`q-bn-jvT-amb Irjn-`q-an-bm¡n amän-b-sX¶p
a-Ên-emIpw. BZy-Ime IÀj-IÀ¡v ae-¼n XpS-§nb {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-§-tfmSv
Gäp-ap-t«-­n-h-cp-Ibpw, an¡ IpSpw-_-§-fnepw ]e AwK-§fpw ac-W-¯nv Iogvs¸-tS­n-h-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-­v. AXp-sIm-­p-X-s¶ Ct¸m-gs¯ Xe-ap-d-bv¡v Cu `qan-bpambn sshIm-cn-I-amb _Ôap­v. IqSmsX ]Ýn-a-L«s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v D¶-X-Xe
hÀ¡nwKv I½n-än X¿m-dm-¡nb dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸m-¡n-bm ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
hkn-¡p¶ P-§fpw, nb-{´-W-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯m¯ ]cn-kc {]tZ-i-§-fn Ign-bp¶-hcpw X½n kmaqly Ak-aXzw DS-se-Sp-¡m-n-S-bp-­v. c­m-as¯ hn`m-K-¯nv
Ap-h-Z-o-b-amb ]eXpw BZy hn`m-K-¯nÂs]« P-§Ä¡v {]m]y-a-Ãm¯ ØnXn
kwPm-X-am-tb-¡pw. CXv X¯p-ey-amb Ah-Imiw F¶ `c-W-L-Sm]c-amb Ah-Im-i¯n-p-Xs¶ hncp-²-ambn `hn-t¨-¡mw.
IÀj-IÀ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ P-hn-`m-K-§Ä ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£-W-¯nepw ssPhssh-hn[y kwc-£-W-¯nepw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb ]¦v hln-¡p-¶p-­v. tIc-f-¯nse
]ÝnaL« {]tZ-i-§-fn sÃmcp ]¦pw kpK-Ô-hy-RvP--§fpw tXm«-hn-f-Ifpw Irjn
sN¿p¶ taJ-e-I-fm-Wv. tXbn-e, Gew, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Im¸n, d_À F¶n-h-bmWv CXnÂ
apJyw. Cu tXm«-hn-f-I-sfÃmwXs¶ h-kamamb A´-co£w {]Zmw sN¿p-¶p.
ImÀ_¬ Bhm-lw (Carbon Sequestration), ssPh-ssh-hn-[y kwc-£Ww--, A-´co£ ipNo-I-cWw XpS-§nb cwK-§-fn Cu Irjn-t¯m-«-§Ä Ah-bp-tS-Xmb ]¦p-hln-¡p-¶p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcp slIvSÀ hnkvXr-Xn-bn-epÅ Im¸n-t¯m«w 6 apX 10
S¬ ImÀ_¬ Hcp hÀjw kw`-cn-¡p-¶p-­v. aäv kwØm--§-fn n¶pw hn`n-¶-ambn
tIc-f-¯n ho«p-h-f-¸nse Irjn-bpw ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Ap-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. ho«p-h-f15

23. ¸nse C¯cw ]c-¼-cm-KX kwtbm-PnX Irjn-bn-S-§Ä ImÀjn-I -ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y¯nsâ Xne-I-¡p-dn-I-fmWv. ]e-bnw hnf-IÄ, Hmtcm hnf-bn-sebpw hyXy-kvX-amb
C-§Ä, I¶p-Im-en-IÄ, hfÀ¯p-]-£n-IÄ F¶nh ho«p-h-f-¸n kwc-£n-¡-s¸Sp¶p. IqSmsX aÕy-¡r-jn, tXo¨ hfÀ¯Â, Huj-[-k-ky-¡r-jn F¶n-hbpw ho«p-hf-¸p-I-fn {]Nm-c-¯nep-­v. C§s {]Ir-Xym-epÅ ssPh-Nw-{IaWw km[y-am-Ip-¶p.
]Ýn-a-L«w IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ kwØm--§-fn P-km-{µX Gähpw IqSp-X-epÅXv tIc-f-¯n-em-Wv. 1991  tIc-f-¯n NXp-c{i In.-ao. v P-km-{µX 749 Bbncp¶Xv 2001  819 Dw 2011  859 Bbn hÀ²n-¨p. Btfm-lcn `qan 32.5 skâpw, Irjn`qan 25 skâpw (sk³kkv Hm^v C´y) BWv. C¯-c-¯n maam{X-amb Btfmlcn`qan am{X-apÅ kwØm-¯v ImÀjn-tImÂ]m-Zw hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI F¶ kp{]-[m
e£y-t¯m-sS-bmWv AXm-Xp-Im-es¯ `c-W-Iq-S-§Ä IÀj-Isc ae-tbmctaJ-e-bnte¡v B-bn-¨Xv. c­mw temI alm-bp-²-Im-e¯v `£y-£maw ]cn-l-cn-¡m-mbn
‘t{Km tamÀ ^pUv’ F¶ ]²Xn sIm­p-h-¶p. A²zm-n-¡m³ k¶-²-cm-b-hsc
ssltd-©n-te¡v sN¶v Irjn sN¿m³ `c-W-IqSw t{]cn-¸n-¨p. AhÀ Ahn-sS-sb¯n
Ic-sÃpw Ing-§p-hÀK-§fpw kar-²-ambn hnf-bn¨v £maw Hgn-hm¡n. 1950-þ-I-fnÂ
kÀ¡mÀ Xs¶ Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nv 5 G¡À hoXw `qan ÂIn ssltd-©n-te¡v IpSntb-dm³ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨p. Npcp-¡-¯n A[n-Ir-X-cpsS Ap-hm-Z-t¯msSbpw
t{]mÕm-l--t¯m-sSbpw IpSn-tb-dn-b-hcmWv C¶n-hn-sS-bpÅ P-§-fn -`q-cn-]-£hpw.
kpK-Ô-hy-RvP Irjn¡v Ap-tbmPyamb Imem-h-Ø-bpÅ ae-tbmc {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
Irjn-sN-bvXv Cu IÀj-IÀ hntZ-i-m-Wyw tSn-¯¶p. BZy-Im-e-§-fn {]Xn-Iqe
Imem-h-Ø-tbmSpw Npäp-]m-Sp-I-tfmSpw aÃn-«mWv IÀj-IÀ Cu ae-tbm-c-{]-tZ-i-§sf
Idp¯s]m¶pw aäpw hnf-bp¶ h-k-am--amb Irjn-t¯m-«-§-fm¡n (Agroforestry
systems) amän-bXv. Cu {]tZ-i-§Ä ]cn-ØnXnteme-ambn {]Jym-]n¨v nb-{´-W§Ä¡v hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-¡m³ AhÀ nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-Ip-t¼mÄ Xe-ap-d-IÄsIm­v
tSn-b-sXms¡ jvS-s¸-Sptam F¶ Bi¦ AhcpsS a-Ên DS-se-Sp-¡p-¶Xv kzm`mhnIw am{X-am-Wv. IkvXqcncwK³ dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸m-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu IÀj-I-cpsS PohnXs¯ HcpX-c-¯nepw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡-cp-sX-¶m-Wv kan-Xn-bpsS ImgvN-¸m-Sv.
h-kw-c-£-W-¯nepw, h-n-b-a-§fpsS S-¯n-¸nepw hfsc njv¡ÀjX
]peÀ¯p¶ kwØm--amWv tIcfw. C´y-bnse icm-icn h-hn-kvXrXn 21.5 iX-am-ap-Å-t¸mÄ tIc-f-¯n CXv 29.1 iX-am--am-Wv (MoEF). tIc-f-¯n ne-hn 5 mjW ]mÀ¡p-Ifpw 17 kwc-£nX {]tZ-i-§fpw Hcp I½yq-Wnän dnkÀhp-w D­v. tIc-f¯nse sam¯w hhnkvXr-Xn-bmb (lcn-Xm-h-cWw þ Green Cover) 11309.5032 N.-In.-ao.
(29.101%) N.-In.-ao-ä-dn 3213.24 N.-In.-ao. (28.41%) kwc-£n-X-h--am-Wv (kwØm hw-h16

24. y-Pohn hIp¸v). tIc-fw P-§Ä Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ kwØmam-sW-¦nepw aäv kwØm-§sf At]-£n¨v -ChnsS h-¯nsâ Xp­p-h¡-cWw (Fragmentation) Ipd-hm-Wv.
kwØm- hw-h-Ip¸v, h-kw-c-£Ww hfsc IÀi--am-bn¯s¶ nÀh-ln-¡p-¶p-­v.
]t£, ]cn-ØnXn kwc£Whpw apjycpsS D]-Po-h-hpw X½n hnth-N-m-]qÀWamb Hcp ka-zbw D­m-tI-­-Xp-­v.
hnZKv[ kanXn S-¯nb Hmtcm lnb-dn-§nepw qdp IW-¡n-m-fp-IÄ aäv ]WnI-sfÃmw amän-h¨v HmSn-sb¯n ]cmXn kaÀ¸n-¨-Xp-Xs¶ Ah-cpsS a-Ên-epÅ Bi-¦I-fp-sSbpw `b-¯n-sâbpw {]Xn-^-e--am-bn-cp-¶p. FÃm ]cm-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n¨v
hnZKv[ kanXn Nne nÀt±-i-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nbn«p­v.
kanXnbpsS lnb-dn-§n ]s¦-Sp¯v nth-Zw kaÀ¸n-¨-h-cn an¡-h-cp-sSbpw
Gähpw henb Bi¦ X§-fpsS hntÃPv apgp-hpw (P--hmktI{µhpw Irjn-Øehpw DÄs¸-sS) IkvXqcn cwK³ I½nän ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-ambn {]Jym-]n-¨-Xmbn-cp-¶p.
Hcp {]tZiw ]cn-ØnXnteme taJ-e-bmbn amdp-t¼mÄ AhnsS ]e-hn[ sXmgnep-IÄ sN¿m³ nb-{´-W-§Ä D­m-Ipw. At¸m-Ä AhnsS `qan-bpsS hne Ipd-bmnSbp­v. ssIh-i-ap-Å BkvXn-bpsS aXn¸v Ipd-bp-¶Xv Bcpw kln-¡p-I-bn-Ã-tÃm. nb{´-W-§Ä¡p hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶Xpw kt´m-j-I-c-amb Ap-`-h-am-In-Ã-.
Øew, ]cn-Øn-Xn-temew F¶v {]Jym-]n-¨-tXmsS Øew hn¸ apS-§n. AXn-s-¯pSÀ¶v hnhmlw apS-§epw aäv km¼-¯nI {]iv-§fpw ]e-bn-S-§-fnepw D­m-bn. ]cnØnXnteme-ambn Hcp {]tZ-is¯ {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-p-ap¼v ssIs¡m-tÅ­ bkao]--s¯-¸än ¹mnwKv I½n-j³ AwK-am-bn-cp¶ {]W_v sk³ sNbÀam-m-bn-cp¶
I½nän ÂIn-bn-cp¶ ip]mÀi-IÄ ChnsS {]k-à-amWv.
Pranab Sen, etc., Committee:The committee knew that the eco-sensitive areas identified by it “would receive
protection under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA)”. This awareness had two
major implications. First, a balance had to be struck between the protection of ecologically
sensitive areas and the needs of national development, particularly in the context of a country
like India, with low levels of income & high levels of poverty. Therefore the parameters had
to be selected and defined in such a manner that they represented only the critical elements of
ecological preservation and did not impinge unduly on the process of development and
efforts at eradication of poverty.
17

25. “The nuances of ecological sensitivity are such that excessive rigidity on this count
could defeat the very purpose of this exercise, which seeks to strike a balance between
preservation of our ecological endowments and the needs of development.”
The Pranab Sen etc.. has stressed the importance of “wide public consultation on the
nature and manner of regulation of economic activities in the identified areas” before
notifying the areas under the EPA, 1986. “In view of the limited knowledge base that exists at
present, it is preferable to err on the side of caution and be liberal” in notifying sensitive
areas.
Npcp-¡-¯nÂ, ]c¶ NÀ¨-IÄ¡pw ]cn-Nn-´--¯np tijw am{Xta P-PohnXw nb-{´-W-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡p¶ ‘ESA’ {]Jym]w S-¯mhq F¶v
{]Wm_v sk³ hyà-am-¡p¶p.
IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän C¡mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p. AXp-sIm-­mWv apgp-h³ ]Ýn-aL-«-s¯bpw aq¶v hn`m-K-¯n-epÅ ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn KmUvKn I½nän
{]Jym-]n-¨-t¸mÄ, ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nsâ 40 iX-amw `mKw am{Xw ]cn-ØnXnteme-ambn
IcpXn kwc-£n-¨m aXn, F¶v AhÀ Xocp-am-n-¨-Xv. X§-fpsS Xocp-amw bpàn-k-lam-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶v nÝ-bn¨ B I½n-än ]Ýn-a-L-«s¯ ‘Natural Landscape’,
‘Cultural Landscape’ F¶v c­mbn hn`-Pn-¨p. h-§-fpw, kwc-£n-X-{]-tZ-i-§-fpw, h§Ä t]mse kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ aäv {]tZ-i-§-fp-amWv ‘Natural Landscape’. AXpt]mse
Pm-[n-hm-k-tI-{µ-§-fpw
IrjnØe-§fpw
tXm«-§fpw
DÄs¸-Sp-¶XmWv
‘Cultural Landscape’.
Ch c­pw thÀXn-cn-¡m-mbn IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän D]-{K-l-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨pÅ Remote sensing technique BWv D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv. ]t£, dntam«v sk³kn-§nÂ
]e-t¸mgpw Im¸n-t¯m-«tam Ge-t¯m-«tam ImSp-t]mse tXm¶n-¸n-¡p-sa¶pw A§s
‘Natural Landscape’ sâ `mK-ambn Icp-Xm-n-S-bp-s­¶pw IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän
dnt¸mÀ«n¯s¶ ]d-bp-¶p­v. ‘The Committee took note of the environmentally
friendly practices in coffee plantations, Kodagu and Cardamom Plantations in Idukki
and Wayanad, where integration of natural landscape with human settlement exists.’
(IkvXqcncwK³ I½n-än-bpsS apJ-hp-c-bn n¶v).
dnt¸mÀ«nsâ 96-þmw t]Pn ]d-bp¶p “The remote sensing derived vegetation
maps are not without limitations. For instance Understory plantations (for eg.
18

26. Cardamom) or naturalized forest plantations cannot be discriminated” AXm-bXv D]{Klw hgn-bpÅ dntam«v sk³kn§v am¸n§v S-¯p-t¼mÄ Nne A]m-I-X-IÄ D­mIm-w F¶v.
R§-fpsS kµÀi--th-f-bn P-§Ä Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ ]e-Ø-e-§-fpw, IrjnØ-e-§fpw h{]tZ-i-ambn IcpXn (‘Natural Landscape’) ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§fpsS ]«n-I-bn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv tcn«v I­v t_m[y-s¸-Smpw Ah-k-c-ap­mbn.
Hcp sXäp-an-ÃmsX P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§-fpw, Irjn-Ø-e-§-fpw, tXm«-§-fpw,
hhpw, hw t]mse kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ aäv Øe-§fpw IrXy-ambn Xncn-¨-dn-bm³
Htc-sbmcp hgn am{X-am-Wp-Å-Xv, Øew tcn«v I­v t_m[y-s¸-Sp-I. AXp-sIm­v
C.F-kv.-F. Bbn IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän Is­-¯nb 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fnepw E.S.Z.1,
E.S.Z.2 F¶n-h-bmbn KmUvKn I½nän Is­-¯nb qän Ccp-]-tXmfw ]©m-b¯pIfnepw ^oÂUp-Xe kÀtÆ (^nkn-¡Â shcn-^n-t¡-j³) S¯n, XÂØnXn
Is­-¯-W-sa-¶mWv aq¶wK kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±iw. C§s P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§fpw,
Irjn-t¯m-«-§-fpw, hhpw 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fnepw, qän Ccp-]-tXmfw ]©m-b-¯pIfnepw
thÀXn-cn-¡-Ww. ta¸-dª hntÃIfnepw ]©m-b-¯p-I-fnepw Imhp-IÄ, Ipf-§Ä,
]pÂta-Sp-IÄ, sam«-¡p-¶p-IÄ F¶nh ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn IcpXn h-t¯msSm¸w kwc-£n-¡-Ww.
AtX-k-abw
P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§fpw
Irjn-Ø-e-§fpw
tXm«-§fpw
]cn-
ØnXntem-e- {]-tZ-i-§-fpsS (ESA) ]cn-[n-bn n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
10. aq¶wK hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±-i-§Ä
10.1. ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-§fpsS Is­-¯Â
 IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän, Hcp hntÃ-Pnse ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZiw B hntÃPnsâ 20 iX-am--¯n IqSp-X Ds­-¦n B hntÃ-Pns apgp-h³ ]cnØnXn ZpÀ_-e-ambn Icp-Xn. At¸mÄ, tijn-¡p¶ 80 iX-amw {]tZ-ihpw Kc-h¡r-X-am-sW-¦nÂt¸mepw B hntÃPv apgp-h³ ]cn-Øn-Xn-tem-e-am-sW¶v
nÀW-bn-¡p-¶Xv ymbo-I-cn-¡m³ {]bm-k-am-Wv.
 tIc-fs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v hntÃ-Pp-IÄ `c-W-]-c-amb kuI-cy-¯n-p-th-­n-bpÅ
Hcp hn`-Pw am{X-am-Wv. F¶m aäv kwØm--§-fn Hmtcm {Kma¯nepapÅXv {]tXyI kmaqlyþkmwkvIm-cnI ]Ým-¯-e-apÅ Pkaql-am-Wv.
19

27.  ]cn-ØnXnteme taJe (ESA) thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn hntÃ-Pp-IÄ ASn-Øm
bqWn-ämbn
ImWp-¶Xv
aäv
kwØm--§sf
kw_--v[n¨v
A]m-I-X-bn-Ã.
AhnS§fn hntÃ-Pp-Ifpw K-c-§fpw hhpw X½n à AIehpw thÀXncnhpw D­v. ]t£ tIcfwt]mse P§Ä Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ kwØm-¯v K-c§fpw {Kma§fpw CS-I-eÀ¶p ImWp-¶-p. tIcfw Hcp Rural Urban Continuum
BWv. ChnsS hntÃPv ASn-Øm--am-¡n-bpÅ thÀXn-cnhv A{]-k-à-am-Wv.
 tIc-f-¯n IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän ]cn-Øn-Xn-tem-e-ambn nÀW-bn¨ ]e {Kma§-fnepw F©n-o-b-dn§v tImtf-Pp-IÄ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ henb hnZym-`ymk
Øm]--§fpw Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw ne-hn-ep-­v. an¡ hntÃ-Pp-Ifpw K-c-§sft¸mse `mKn-I-ambn K-c-h¡-cn-¡-s¸-«-h-bm-Wv. aq¶mÀ, Ipan-fn, I«-¸-, sSp¦­w apX-emb Su¬ {]tZ-i-§Ä CXn-p-Zm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv. _m¦p-I-fpw, henb
hym]mc Øm]--§fpw, ImÀ tjmdq-ap-I-fpw, henb hnZym-e-b-§fpw, tlm«-ep-Ifpw,
_kvÌmâp-Ifpw,
tZhm-e-b-§fpw
ØnXn
Ft¸mgpw Xnc-t¡-dn-b-h-bm-Wv. ChsbÃmw
sN¿p¶
Cu
K-c-§Ä
DÄs¸-Sp¶ {]tZiw ]cn-ØnXn
kwc-£W nb-ahpw hnb-ahpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ nb-{´-W-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am¡p-¶Xv A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw oXo-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-Xp-am-Wv. Chn-Ss¯ P§Ä, X§-Ä tSn-sb-Sp¯v Ignª DbÀ¶ PohnXnem-hmchpw `uXnIkuIcy-§fpw ne-nÀ¯m³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶Xv kzm`m-hnIw am{X-am-Wv.
 Gew, Ipcp-ap-fIv, d_À, Im¸n, IpS-¼pfn XpS-§nb tXm«-hn-f-IÄ Irjn-sN-¿p¶
Øe-§Ä D]-{Kl am¸nw-Kn ImSmbn sXän-²-cn¨v ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZiw
(ESA) F¶ ne-bn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-«p-­v.
 IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän, hntÃPv ASn-Øm LS-I-ambn FSp¯v ]cn-ØnXn
ZpÀ_e {]tZ-i-§Ä nÀW-bn-¡p-¶Xv ASn-Øm b-ambn Icp-Xn-sb-¦nepw
Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ {Kma-§-fn Cu b-¯nv hncp-²-ambn P-km-{µX N.-In.-ao-ä-dnv
100  Xmsg-bp-Å h-{]-tZ-i-§Ä DÄs¸-Sp¶ Nne hntÃ-Pp-IÄ ESA bnÂ
DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«nà F¶ hkvXpXbpw I½n-änbv¡v t_m[y-s¸-«n«p­v. hmK-a¬,
tImS-tÈ-cn, ae-bm-äqÀ, ]o¨n, hmgmn F¶n-h-bmWv Nne DZm-l-cW§Ä.
 ]Ýn-a-L«w IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ kwØm§fn h¨v P-km-{µ-X-bn Gähpw
ap¶n-epÅ kwØmw tIcfamWv. ]cn-ØnXnteme hntÃ-Pp-IÄ (ESA)
Gähpw IqSp-X-epÅ CSp¡n PnÃ-bnÂt]mepw 2011þse sk³kkv {]Imcw N.In.-ao-ä-dnv 254 F¶ tXmXnemWv P-km-{µ-X. 2001þÂ CXv N.-In.-ao-ä-dnv 259
Bbn-cp-¶p. F¶m Hcp N.-In.-ao-ä-dn 100þ IqSp-X P-km-{µXbpÅ {]tZ-
20

28. i-§Ä ESA Bbn {]Jym-]n-¡m³ ]mSnà F¶ HLWG nÀt±iw tIc-fs¯
kw_-Ôn¨v ]qÀW-ambn ]men-¨n-«n-Ã.
 ESA Ifmbn Is­-¯p¶ {]tZ-i-§fpsS 10 Intem-ao-äÀ Npä-f-hv _^À tkm¬
Bbn IcpXn ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£W nb-a-¯n³Iogn sIm­p-h-cp-¶-Xv, ]e
henb K-c-§-sfbpw ^e-¯n ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn Icp-Xmpw,
AXnsâ ^e-ambn Ahn-S-§-fn Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ P-§-fpsS ASn-Øm
kuIcy hnI-kw apc-Sn-¨p-t]m-Ip-sa¶ Bi-¦ Ah-cn D­m-Impw Imc-W-amIp¶p. Cu Bi-¦bpw XÅn-¡-f-bm-m-In-Ã.
 qdp-I-W-¡nv hÀj-§Ä ]g-¡-ap-ÅXpw ssPh-¡rjn t]mepÅ ]cn-ØnXn
kulrZ Irjn-co-Xn-IÄ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb tXbnet¯m«-§sf C.-Fkv.-F. ]cn-[n-bn n¶v Hgn-hm-¡-W-sa¶v I®³ tZh³ ¹mtâ-j³ Atkm-kntb-j³ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ ]e kwL-S--Ifpw FtÌ-äp-Ifpw Bh-iy-s¸-«n-«p-­v.
 Gew Irjn-¡mÀ I«-¸--bn S¶ sXfn-sh-Sp-¸n I½n-än¡v ap¼msI
kaÀ¸n¨ nthZ¯n n¶p hyà-am-Ip-¶Xv, Ge-t¯m-«-§-fn ac-§Ä
IqSp-X-embn «pÅ Hcp ImÀjnI h-h¡rX Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-bmWv
(Agroforestry Ecosystem) ne-hn-ep-Å-sX-¶m-Wv. Cu tXm«-§-fn ]cn-ØnXn
kulrZ Pe kwc-£Ww, a®v kwc-£Ww F¶n-h-sbÃmw Ap-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶p-­v. Im¸n-t¯m-«-§sfbpw Ge-t¯m-«-§-sf-bpw-]än IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän
dnt¸mÀ«n Xs¶ ]cm-aÀi-ap-­v. F¶m D]-{Kl am¸n-§n Ch h-ambn
sXän-²-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xn-mÂ
]cn-ØnXnteme-
{]tZ-i-ambn
(ESA)
nÀW-bn-¡-
s¸«ncn¡p-I-bm-Wv.
“The Working Group also took note of the environmentally friendly practices in
coffee plantations in Kodagu and cardamom plantations in Idduki and Wayanad
where integration of natural landscapes with human settlements exists. Indeed, it is
because of this harmony between people and nature in the Western Ghats, the
HLWG recommended policies to incentivize green growth that promotes sustainable
and equitable development across the Western Ghats region.” (Kasthuri Rangan
Committee Report - Preface page iii)
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 IkvXqcn cwK³ I½nän dnt¸mÀ«v ]Ýn-a-L« taJ-esb, ImSpÄs¸-Sp¶ {]IrXn
`qhn-`m-K-§-fmbpw (Natural Landscape) P-§Ä Xma-kn-¡p-Ibpw Irjn-sN-¿pIbpw sN¿p¶ kmwkv¡m-cnI `q{]-tZ-i-§-fmbpw (Cultural Landscape) thÀXncn-¨Xv kzmK-XmÀl-am-Wv. F¶m Cu thÀXn-cnhv S-¯nbXv D]-{Kl am¸nw-Kn21

29. eq-sS-bm-sW¶v hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v (thmfywþ1 t]Pv 52. 5.3. Methodologies).
C§s Irjn-Ø-ehpw ImSpw thÀXn-cn-¨-Xn Nne A]m-I-X-IÄ D­m-Imsa¶v
IkvXq-cn-c-cw-K³
I½n-än
Xs¶
dnt¸mÀ«nÂ
kqNn-¸n¨n«pap­v
(dnt¸mÀ«nsâ 96-þmw t]Pv).
 ta¸-dª hn[-apÅ ]mI-¸n-g-IÄ ]cn-l-cn¨v h-`q-anbpw, P-hmktI{µ§fpw, Irjn-`q-anbpw IrXy-ambn thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ GI-amÀKw Cu {]tZ-i§Ä
tcn«pI­v
XÂØnXn
Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-
F¶p-ÅXm-Wv.
AXn-mÂ
IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fmbn (ESA) Is­-¯nb 123
hntÃ-Pp-I-fnepw KmUvKn I½nän Is­¯nb ]cn-ØnXn hnteme tkm¬ 1, 2
F¶n-h-bn DÄs¸-Sp¶ qän Ccp-]-tXmfw ]©m-b-¯p-I-fnepw tcn-«pÅ Xn«s¸-Sp-¯Â S¯n Natural Landscape sbpw Cultural Landscape sbpw
thÀXn-cn-¡mpw, ne-hn-epÅ P-km-{µX ]cn-tim-[n-¡mpw hnZKv[ I½nän
ip]mÀi sN¿p-¶p. C§s sN¿p-¶-Xn-eqsS Hmtcm {]tZ-i-s¯bpw hhpw
(Natural Landscape) P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§fpw Irjn-`q-anbpw (Cultural Landscape)
hyà-ambn I­v kwi-b-an-Ãm¯ coXn-bn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯mw. IqSmsX CXn-eqsS
ssPh-ssh-hn-[yhpw Irjnbpw F{X-t¯mfw Ap-]q-c-I-ambn S-¡p¶p F¶v
hyà-am-IpIbpw sN¿pw.
CXp-kw-_-Ôn¨ kan-Xn-bpsS nÀt±-i-§Ä NphsS tNÀ¡p-¶p.
1. IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän E.S.A-bn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ 123 hntÃ-PpIfnÂ
XÂØnXn ]cn-tim-[n¨v Is­¯n P-hm-k-tI-{µ-§-fpw, Irjn-Ø-e-§fpw,
tXm«-§fpw am{Xw E.S.A-bn n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡pI; Cu 123 hntÃ-PpIfnepÅ
hhpw kwc-£n-X-ta-J-ebpw kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ ]cn-Øn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i§fpw kwc-£Ww Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-mbn E.S.A-.bn DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-I.
2. ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse E.S.Z1, E.S.Z2 F¶o taJ-e-I-fn-epÅ aäv {Kma-§-fn ]e-bnS¯pw kwc-£n-¡s¸-tS­ h-`q-anbpw, Imhp-Ifpw, ]pÂta-Sp-Ifpw, sam«-¡p¶p-Ifpw, ]md-s¡-«p-Ifpw D­v. Ahsbbpw Øe-]-cn-tim-[--bn AS-bm-f-s¸Sp¯n ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn kwc-£n-¡p-I.
3. CsXÃmw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn S-¸n-em-¡m³ tcn-«pÅ ^oÂUvXe ]cntim[-
Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXn-p-th­n Xmsg ]d-bp-¶-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp¶ Hcp kwLw
KmUvKn I½n-än- Is­-¯nb E.S.Z1, E.S.Z2 {Kma-§fpw IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ I½nän
E.S.Abn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ {Kma-§fpw kµÀin-¡Ww.
22

30. 1. ]©m-b¯v {]kn-Uâv, sa¼ÀamÀ, ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kanXn
(Biodiversity Management Committee) AwK-§Ä
2. hntÃPv Hm^o-kÀ
þ Revenue Department
3. hw hIp¸v {]Xn-n[n þ Forest Department
4. Irjn hIp¸v {]Xn-n[n þ Agriculture Department
Cu kwLw IkvXqcncwK³ I½nän ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fmbn (ESA)
Is­-¯nb 123 hntÃ-Pp-I-fnepw KmUvKn I½nän Is­¯nb ]cn-ØnXn
hnteme tkm¬ 1, 2 F¶n-h-bn DÄs¸-Sp¶ qän Ccp-]-tXmfw ]©m-b-¯p-Ifnepw Physical Verification Htc-k-a-b¯n sNbvXp XoÀ¡Ww. XÀ¡-§Ä
DÅXv X¡mew Revenue Department sâ Xocp-amw Ap-k-cn¨v amÀ¡v
sN¿-Ww.
4. Cu hntÃPpI-fnse Verification maps & data, Cu Expert committee bpsS
dnt¸mÀ«nsâ `mK-am-bn Icp-X-s¸-SWw.
 C¯-c-¯n ^oÂUvXe kÀth-bn-eqsS kwc-£n-¡-s¸-tS­ {]tZ-i-§-fmbn
Is­-¯p¶ CS§fn (Natural Landscape) hy-ar-K-§Ä¡pw, P-hm-k-tI{µ-§fn (Cultural Landscape) ap-jyÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS D]-Po-h--¯npw
imiz-X-amb ne-n¸v km[y-am-Ipw-hn-[-apÅ kwhn-[m--§Ä iàn-s¸-Sp-t¯­-Xm-Wv. kwc-£nX taJ-e-I-fn `mhn-bn h-I-t¿äw D­m-Im-¯-hn[w
ià-amb Kh¬saâv b-§-fpw, nb-a-§fpw, ne-hnepÅ nb-a-§-fpsS S¸m-¡epw Dd-¸m¡-Ww.
 C.-F-kv.-F.¡v ]pd-ta-bpÅ {Kma-§-fnepw tcn«v Øe-]-cn-tim-[ S¯n AhnS-§-fn-epÅ Irjn-Ø-e-§-sfbpw ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-sfbpw thÀXn-cn¡pIbpw, Ahn-sS-bp-Å kwc-£Ww Bh-iy-apÅ Imhp-I-sfbpw, ImSp-I-sfbpw, ]pÂta-Sp-I-sfbpw aäpw thÀXn-cn¨v C.-F-kv.-F.sb kwc-£n-¡p-Ipbpw
sN¿p¶ kml-N-cy-¯n C.-F-kv.-F. ¡v ]pdta 10 In.-ao. _^À tkm¬ F¶
Bi-b-¯nv {]k-àn-bn-Ãm-Xm-hp-¶p. AXp-sIm­v P-§-fnÂn¶v ià-amb
FXnÀ¸p-­m-bn-«pÅ ‘_^À tkm¬’ Dt]-£n-¡m³ ip]mÀi sN¿p-¶p.
 Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn-epÅ tXbn-e-t¯m-«-§fpw Im¸n-t¯m-«-§fpw Ge-t¯m-«-§fpw
hf-sc-¡m-e-ambn DÅ-h-bm-Wv. ssPh-¡rjn, Pe-kw-c-£-Ww, a®v kwc-£Ww
XpS-§nb {]hÀ¯--§Ä ChÀ amXr-Im-]-c-ambn sNbvXp-h-cp¶p F¶v kanXn¡v t_m[y-s¸-«n-«p-­v. am{X-aà ChnsS D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ ImÀjnI Dev]-¶§Ä kwØm--¯nv km¼-¯nI t«hpw hntZi mWyhpw tSn-¯-cp-¶p.
23

31. tcn-«pÅ
]cn-tim-[--bn-eqsS
Irjn-t¯m-«-§fpw
hhpw
thÀXn-cn-
¡s¸Spt¼mÄ Cu tXm-«-§Ä kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kwc-£nX {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-s¸Spw F¶-Xn-m CXv kw_-Ôn¨ Bi-¦-IÄ Zqco-I-cn-¡-s¸Spw.
 FÃm hntÃ-Pp-I-fn-ep-apÅ Phmk tI{µ-§fpw Irjn-Ø-e-§fpw tXm«-§fpw
C.-F-kv.-F.-bnÂ
n¶v
Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-tXmsS
C.-F-kv.-F.-bpsS
n_-Ô--
IÄ¡v hnt[-b-ambn PohnXw bn-t¡-­n-h-cp-¶-Xn-s-¸-än-bpÅ P-§-fpsS
Bi-¦-IÄ o¡m³ km[n-¡pw.
10.2. Irjn kw_-Ô-amb Bi-¦-IÄ
 ]Ýn-a-L«w IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ {]tZ-i-§-fnse P-km-{µ-X-bpÅ {]tZ-i-§fnÂ
sÃm-cp-]¦pw `mc-X-¯nsâ k¼-ZvL-S--bn nÀWm-b-I-amb kzm[ow sNep¯p-¶-h-bm-Wv. AXn-]p-cm-X Imew apX¡v tdmam km{am-Py-¯nepw a[y
]uckvXy cmPy-§-fnepw tIcfw Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv ChnsS D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶
kpKÔhyRvP--§fpsS
t]cn-emWv.
ae-_mÀ
Ipcp-ap-f-Iv,
Be¸n
{Ko³
t_mÄUv Gew XpS-§n-bh A´ÀtZ-iob hn]-Wn-bn ap´nb {]nb-apÅ
kpKÔhyRvP--§fm-Wv. Ipcp-ap-fIv, Gew, d_À XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS DÂ]m-Z-¯nepw Ib-äp-a-Xn-bnepw H¶mwØmw tIc-f-¯n-m-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse kpK-Ôhy-RvP--§-fn `qcn-`m-Khpw ]Ýn-a-L«¯nv kao-]-apÅ P-km-{µX IqSnb
ae-tbmc {]tZ-i-§-fnemWv hnf-bp-¶-Xv. am{X-aÃ, hb-mSv t]mepÅ {]tZ-i-§fn hnf-bp¶ Im¸n, cpNn-bp-sSbpw, aW-¯n-sâ-bpw, KpW-ta-·-bp-sSbpw Imcy¯n temI-It¼m-f-¯n Gähpw {]nb-ap-Å-Xm-Wv.
 IkvXqcncwK³ dnt¸mÀ«v {]Imcw GI-hn-f-Irjn coXn-IÄ nÀ¯-em-¡n-bmÂ
B hyhØ tXbne, d_À, Im¸n XpS-§nb tXm«-§sf _m[n-¡pw. AXv IÀjIsc am{X-aà kwØm--¯nsâ k¼-ZvL-S--sb-¯s¶ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n¡pw. CXns {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶-sXm¶pw dnt¸mÀ«nsâ `mK--ambn S-¸m¡p-¶Xv A`n-Im-ay-a-Ã.
 cmk-¡rjn Dt]-£n¨v ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ cmk-Io-S-m-inn-IÄ¡v X¯pey _Z-ep-IÄ Cnbpw Irjn-bn-S-¯n-se-¯n-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«nÃ
F¶-sXm-cp ]cn-an-Xn-bm-W-v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn CSp-¡n-bnse Ge-t¯m-«-§-fn IoS-io-I-c-W-¯np D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-h-cp¶ cmk-Io-S-m-in-n-IÄ¡v _Z-embn ssPhIoS-m-in-n-IÄ Cnbpw Is­-¯m-m-bn-«n-Ã-. -tI{µ Kh¬saânsâ Iogntem
kwØm Kh¬saânsâ Iogntem ssPh-¡r-jn-¡m-bpÅ Kth-j-W-Øm-]-§tfm hIp-¸p-Itfm C¶p th­-{X-bnà F¶Xpw
24
ne-hn-epÅ Øm]--

32. §tfsdbpw
D¸m-Z
hÀ²-hv
e£y-am-¡n-bpÅ
cmk-Ir-jn-sb-bmWv
t{]mÕm-l-n¸n¡p¶Xv F¶Xpw ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv. C§-s-bmWv ØnXnsb¶ncns¡ ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te¡v s]s«-¶pÅ amäw IÀj-Is km¼-¯nI jvS¯n-te¡v bn-¡pw.
 AXyp¸m-Z--ti-jn-bpÅ hnf-bn--§Ä ]ÝnaL« -{]-tZ-i-§-fn «p-]n-Sn¸n¡p¶Xn nb-{´Ww hcpw F¶ Bi¦ IÀj-IÀ¡n-S-bn ne-hn-ep-­v.
DÂ]m-Z--tijn Ipdª mS³ C-§Ä Irjn-sN-¿m³ X§Ä nÀ_-Ôn-X-cmIp-sa¶pw CXv Irjn jvS-¯n-em-¡pw F¶pw ChÀ `b-s¸Sp-¶p.
 Iym-Ip-amcn PnÃ-bn Xan-gvmSv Kh¬saânsâ D¯-chp {]Imcw, do¹mânwKv
t]mepw Ap-h-Zn-¡m-¯-hn-[-¯n dºÀ tXm«-§Ä ]qÀW-ambpw kz-Imcy-h-ambn (Private Forest) ap{Z-Ip¯-s¸« ØnXn-bp-­v. dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸m-¡p-I-bm-sW¦n tIc-f-¯nepw Cu AhØ D­m-Ip-sa¶v dºÀ IÀj-IÀ¡v Bi-¦-bp-­v.
 Ncnª
{]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
IÀj-Isâ
CjvSa-p-k-cn¨v
`£yhnf-IÄ
Irjn
sN¿m³ km[n-¡n-sö DXv¡WvT IÀj-IÀ¡p-­v.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 kmc-amb ]cn-Ø-nXn XI-cm-dpIÄ D­m-¡p¶ J-hpw ]cn-ØnXn kulr-Z-]-camb Irjnbpw ap-jy-cpsS CS-s]-SÂ BsW-¦nepw, Ch c­pw Hcp-t]mse
ImWm³ ]mSn-à F¶-XmWv kan-Xn-bpsS ImgvN-¸mSv. Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnse IÀjIÀ ]cn-ØnXn t_m[-ap-Å-hcpw `qan kwc-£-W-¯n {]tXyI {i² sNep-¯p¶-h-cp-am-bXnm Landscape Farmers F¶ hn`m-K-¯n DÄs¸-Sp¯n ]cnØnXn kulrZ Irjn sN¿m³ ]c-am-h[n t{]mÕm-l-hpw km¼-¯nI klmbhpw ÂI-Ww. kznävkÀeân ssPh-k-¼p-jvT-amb ]Àh-X-§-fpsS {]m´
{]tZi-§-fn Irjn sN¿p-¶-hÀ¡v “emâvkvtI¸v ^mÀtagvkv” F¶ Ømw
ÂIn ]cn-ØnXn kulrZ Irjn-bn-te¡v Ahsc BIÀjn-¡m-³ Ht«sd
klm-b-]-²-Xn-IÄ S-¸n-em-¡n-h-cp-¶p-­v.
 Good Agricultural Practices (KpUv A{Kn-IĨ-d {]mIvSo-kk)v:- {]mtZ-inI
`c-W-Iq-S-§-fp-sSbpw IÀj-I-cpsSbpw ]qÀW k½-X-t¯m-sSbpw ]¦m-fn-¯t¯m-sSbpw,
{ItaW
cmk-h-f-§-fp-sSbpw
cmk-Io-S-m-in-n-I-fpsS-bpw
D]tbmKw Ipd-bv¡p¶ S-]-Sn-IÄ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡Ww. ssPh-¡r-jn-bn-te¡v
tcn«v {]th-in-¡p-¶Xnp]-I-cw tI{µ-K-h¬saâv t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p¶ ‘KpUv
A{Kn-IĨ-d {]mIvSo-kkv’ (cmk-h-f-§Ä IoS-m-in-n-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS D]tbmKw ]c-am-h[n Ipd¨pÅ IrjncoXn) ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn {]N-cn-¸n-¡p25

33. ¶Xv ¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. temlhnjmwiw Is­¯p¶Xn-pÅ a®v ]cn-tim-[-,
KpW-ta-·-bp-Å- hn-¯nsâ D]-tbmKw, ip]mÀi sNbvX Af-hn am{X-ap-Å cmk-h-f-§-fp-sSbpw IoS-m-in-n-I-fp-sSbpw D]-tbm-Kw, aen-o-I-cWw D­m¡m¯ shÅ-¯nsâ D]-tbm-Kw, hnf-sh-Sp-¸p-Im-e¯np apt¶m-Sn-bmbn IoS-minn D]tbmKw Hgn-hm-¡Â, If-I-fpsS `uXnI nb-{´-Ww, kwtbm-PnX IoSn-b-{´-Ww XpS-§n-bhbneqsS ]cn-ØnXn¡v henb BLmXw D­m-¡m¯
Irjn-co-Xn-IÄ Ap-hÀ¯n-¡pI F¶-XmWv KpUv A{Kn-¡Ä¨-d {]mIvSokkv
F¶ Bi-b-¯nsâ k¯. X¡mew IÀj-Isc Cu coXn Ah-ew-_n-¡m³
t{]cn-¸n-¡p-I.
 ssPh-Ir-jn¡v klmbw:-þ Ime-{I-taW IÀj-Isc ]qÀW ssPh-¡r-jn-bnte¡v amdm³ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw, cmk-¡r-jn-bn n¶pw ssPh-¡r-jn-bnte-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯--L-«-¯n (10 hÀjw) IÀj-I-cpsS km¼-¯nI jvSw
]qÀW-ambpw kÀ¡mÀ nI-¯p-Ibpw thWw. Cu jvSw nI-¯m-pÅ ]Ww
Kh¬aâv o¡n-h¨v, IÀj-IÀ¡v AXv e`y-am-¡p¶ ]²-Xn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v
S-¸n-em-¡nbm am{Xta e£yw tSm³ Ignbq. CXn-pÅ ^­v tI{µ
Kh¬saân n¶pw Bh-iy-s¸-Smw. CXnv Bh-iy-amb {]mtbm-KnI kmt¦XnIhnZy-IÄ IÀj-I-cpsS ]¡Â F¯n-¡m³ Irjn DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hIp-¸p-Ifnse DtZym-K-Øsc {]m]vX-cm-¡p-Ibpw thWw. ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn-epÅ
tIc-f-¯nse ]¨-¡dn D¸m-Z tI{µ-§-sf (DZm: h«-h-S) ssPh-¡r-jn-bnte¡v ]cn-hÀ¯w S-¯m³ km[n-¨m tIc-f-¯n ip²hpw hnj-c-ln-X-hpamb ]¨-¡dn D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnv AXv klm-bn-¡pw. Ct¸mÄ tIc-f¯nse
hn]-Wn-bn Ay-k-Øm--§-fn F¯p¶ ]¨-¡-dn-I-fn sÃm-cp-]¦pw AhinjvS hnjmwiw DÅ-h-bm-sW-¶v tIcf ImÀjn-I-kÀh-I-em-ime DÄs¸-sSbpÅ Øm]--§Ä Is­-¯n-bn-«p-­v.
 ssPthm¸-¶-§-fpsS {_mânwKv:þ Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn hnf-bp¶ ssPthm¸¶-§Ä¡v sa¨-s¸« {_mânwKpw AXn-eqsS anI¨ hnebpw In«p¶ kml-Ncyw
D­m-bm am{Xta IÀj-IÀ CXn-te¡v Xncn-bp-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡m-m-Iq.
ssPthm¸-¶-§Ä ymb-hn-ebv¡v kw`-cn¨v Imcy-£-a-ambn amÀ¡äv sN¿mpÅ kwhn-[mw Kh-¬saâv taJ-e-bn Xs¶ sNt¿-­-Xp-­v. BXy-´n-Iambn ssPh-¡rjn Cu tXm«-§-fnse a®n-sbpw, ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-t¯bpw,
hnf-hn-s-bpw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p¶tXm-sSm¸w hcp-am--hÀ²-hpw D­m-¡p-sa¶v
IÀj-IÀ¡v D¯-a-hn-izm-k-ap-­m-¡pw-hn[amhWw CXv kw_-Ôn¨ S-]-Sn-I-fpambn apt¶-td-­-Xv. ne-hn tIc-f-¯nse ae-tbmc {]tZ-i-§-fn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ IoS-m-in-nIÄ kw_-Ôn¨v Hcp A]-{K-Yw S-¯p-Ibpw Xmc-X-tay Ah-injvS
26

34. hnjmwiw Ipd-ªh D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xnv IÀj-I-sc t{]cn¸n¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI. Ah-injvS hnjmwiw IqSnb IoS-m-in-n-IÄ Ahbpambn nc-´cw
k¼À¡-¯n hcp¶ IÀj-I-cpsS Btcm-Ky-s¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-sa¶pw, CXv Iym³kÀ t]mepÅ hym[n-IÄ D­m-¡p-sa-¶p-apÅ hkvXpXIÄ
IÀjIÀ¡n-S-bn {]N-cn-¸n¡m³ t_m[-h¡-cW {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-¯-Ww.
hnjmwiw IqSnb Ømbn-bmb
IoS-m-in-n-IÄ (persistant pesticides - ]cn-
Øn-Xn-bn ZoÀL-Imew hnL-Sn-¡msX InS-¡p-¶-h) Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn n¶pw
L«w-L-«-ambn
Hgnhm-¡p-¶-Xn-v
Irjn-h-Ip-¸n-sâ-bpw-aäpw
tXr-Xz-¯n-epÅ
t_m[-h¡-cW {]hÀ¯--§Ä klm-b-I-c-amIpw.
 Im¸n-t¯m-«-§fpw aäpw ]e-bnw ]£n-IÄ, jUv]-Z-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS
Bhmk tI{µ-§-fm-Wv. am{X-aà Im¸n-t¯m«w t]mepÅ ImÀjnI h-h¡cW Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-I-fn sI«n-bn-cn-¡p¶ sN¡vUm-ap-Ifpw (a®v sIm­p­m-¡nb Mud Bunds) aäpw Pe-kw-`-c-W-¯n Ah-bp-sS-Xmb kw`m-h--IÄ
ÂIp-¶p-­v. Cu tXm«-§-fn mS³ ac-§Ä h¨p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw, oÀ¨m-epIfpw sN¡vUmap-Ifpw D­m-¡p-¶Xpw kÀ¡mÀXe-¯n t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨mÂ
Ch h-§Ä¡v kam--amb {]tbm-Pw ]cn-Øn-Xn¡v e`y-am¡pw. CXnv
klm-b-I-c-amb ]²-Xn-IÄ S-¸n-em-¡-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L«
ae-tbmc{]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
AXy¸m-Z--ti-jn-bpÅ
hn¯n--§Ä
Irjn-sN-¿p-¶-Xn bmsXmcp nb-{´-Whpw ]mSn-Ã. AtX-k-abw Pn-XI ]cnhÀ¯w S-¯nb hnf-IÄ (Genetically Modified crops) Hgn-hm-¡p¶ {]ivw
kÀ¡mÀ NÀ¨ sNbvXv Bhiyamb nb-a-§fpw b-§fpw Kh¬saâv Xe¯n Dcp-hm-¡pI. mS³ hnf-bn--§Ä Ign-bp-¶{X Irjn-bn-S-§-fn hym]n-¸n¡p-¶-Xn-mbn Ch-bpsS {]m[m-ys¯¸än-bpw, anI¨ k¦cbn-§Ä krjvSn¡p-¶-Xn-epÅ Ch-bpsS ]¦n-s-¸-än-bpw, {]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-Øsbbpw kmlNcy§-sfbpw XcWw sN¿m-pÅ Ch-bpsS AXn-Po-h tijnsb¸änbpw
IÀj-I-cn t_m[-h¡-cWw --S-¯Ww. tUm.-Fw.-F-kv.-kzm-an-m-Y-s-t¸mepÅ imkv{X-ÚÀ ]d-bp-¶-Xv, P-XnI ]cn-hÀ¯w S-¯nb hnf-I-sfbpw
`£y-kp-c-£-sb-¡-cpXn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶m-W-tÃm.
 Ncnª {]tZ-i§fn a®n-f¡n {lkz-Ime hnf-IÄ Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ
Gähpw Ipä-aä coXn-bn-epÅ tIm­qÀ _­p-I-fp-­m-¡nbpw, ag-shÅw kzoIcn-¡m-pÅ shÅ-¡p-gn-Ifpw aäpw kÖ-am¡nbpw as®m-en¸v ntÈjw XSªmWv tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-IÀ ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Irjn sN¿p-¶-Xv. F¦n-epw, 30
iX-am--¯n-e-[nIw Ncn-hpÅ `qan-bn {lkz-Im-e-hn-f-bn n¶pw ZoÀL-Im-ehn-f-bn-te¡v amdp-¶-hÀ¡v, ‘C³skâohv’ ÂIp-I.
27

35. 10.3. ]c-nØnXn ZpÀ_e {]tZ-i-hp-ambn (EFL – Ecologcally Fragile Land) _Ôs¸-«pÅ Bi¦
 IkvXqcn cwK³ I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«p-k-cn¨v thÀXn-cn-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-§sf (ESA),
`mhn-bn ]cn-ØnXn ZpÀ_-e-{]-tZ-i-§-fm¡n (EFL) amäp¶ ØnXn kwPm-X-amtb¡mw F¶ Bi¦ IÀj-IÀ¡n-S-bn ]c-¶n-«p­v. X§-fpsS `qan jvS-]-cnlmcw t]mepw ÂImsX ]nSn-s¨-Sp¯v h-am-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ØnXn CXn-eqsS `mhnbn kwPm-X-am-tb¡mw F¶nhÀ kwibn¡p-¶p-. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ kwib§sf Du«n Dd-¸n-¡pw-hn[w DtZym-K-Ø-X-e-¯n Nne sXämb S-]-Sn-IÄ (C.F-kv.F. Bbn {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p F¶ ImcWw ]dªv Icw kzoI-cn-¡m-Xn-cn¡p-I, Icw cko-Xn Nph¶ ko ]Xn-¡p-I, `qan {Ib-hn-{Ibw S-¯p-¶-Xnv
F³.-H.-kn. thW-sa¶ sXän-²m-cW Df-hm-¡p-I XpS-§n-b-h) D­m-bn-«p-­v.
 EFL nb-a-ap-k-cn¨v sNdp-InS IÀjIcpsS `qan Hcp jvS-]-cn-lm-chpw
ÂImsX hw-h-Ip¸v Gsä-Sp¯v nc-h[n IÀj-Isc hgn-bm-[m-c-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v.
AhÀ ]ecpw kan-Xn-bpsS ap¼n-se¯n ]cmXn ]d-ªp. C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw
Ime-l-c-W-s¸«p Ignªp F¶pw CXv d±m-¡-W-sa¶pw ]cn-ØnXn {]hÀ¯-IÀ
t]mepw kan-Xn-bpsS ap¼msI samgn ÂIn.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw AXnsâ Dt±-i-e-£y-§Ä ]t­ tSn-¡-gnª ØnXn¡v
Cnta C.-F-^v.-FÂ. nbaw Ap-k-cn¨v BcpsS `qanbpw Gsä-Sp-¡m³ Ignbm-¯-hn[w nbaw d±p sN¿p-I. ]t£ Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn tImS-Xn-bn S¡p¶ tIkp-I-fn nb-a-a-p-k-cn¨v tImSXn Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡-s«.
10.4. ]«-b- hm-KvZmw kw_-Ôn¨v Bi-¦-IÄ
 1.1.1977 v ap¼v Irjn sNbvXn-cp¶ ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse `qan-IÄ¡v kÀh-I-£ntbmK Xocp-am--¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n kÀ¡mÀ ]«bw hmKvZmw sNbvXn-cp¶p. IkvXqcn cwK³ I½n-än dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸n-em-¡n-bm ]«bw In«msX hcpsa¶ Bi¦ hym]n¨n«p-­v.
28

36. nÀt±-i-§Ä
 1977 Pp-hcn 1 v ap¼v ssIh-i-¯nencp¶ ae-tbm-c-ta-J-e-bnse `q-an-bv¡v
DS³Xs¶ ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xn-pÅ Xocp-am--sa-Sp¯v ]«-b-hn-X-cWw ]qÀ¯n-bm¡-Ww.
 h-¯m Npä-s¸«v IpSp-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ Nne ]«-b-`q-an-I-fp-­v. Cu `qan h-kw-c£-W-¯nv Bh-iy-am-sW¶v Icp-Xp-s¶¦n ymb-amb jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂIn
Ah Kh¬saâv GsäSp¡-Ww.
 hy-ar-K-§Ä¡v Hcp kt¦-X-¯n n¶pw asämcp kt¦-X-¯n-te¡v t]mIm³
Bh-iy-amb hy-arK CS-m-gn-IÄ e`y-am-¡p¶ Imcyhpw IkvXq-cn-cw-K³
I½nän NÀ¨ sNbvXn-«p-­v. C§s B-¯m-c-IÄ¡pw ISph CS-m-gn-IÄ¡pw
Irjn-Ø-ehpw aäp-amb {]tZ-i-§Ä Bh-iy-ap-s­-¦n B Øew ymb-amb
jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂIn ]p-c-[n-hmk ]²-Xn-bn³Io-gn kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-¡-s«.
10.5. kwtbmPn-X-¡rjn
 GI-hn-f-¡rjn
ntcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-p-]-Icw
Huj-[-k-ky-§Ä¡v
{]mapJyw
ÂIn CS-hn-f-¡r-jn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-Ww, Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn Huj-[-kky
kwc-£-W-]-²-Xn-IÄ S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw Huj-[-k-ky-§-fpsS kw`-cW¯neqsS
Xt±-i-k-aq-l-¯n-v km¼-¯nIt«w Dd-¸m-¡pIbpw thWw XpS-§n-b A`n{]mb-§Ä kwØm Huj-[-kky t_mÀUv D-¶-bn¨n-«p-­v.
 IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ ip]mÀi-IÄ ne-hn h¶m Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnse P-§-Ä
Irjn-s¡m¸w S-¯n-t¸m¶ apJy D]-Po-h amÀK-§-fn H¶mb arK-]-cn-]m-es¯ AXv tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n¡psa¶ DXv¡WvT IÀj-IÀ¡n-S-bn nen¡p-¶p. ]ip-h-fÀ¯-env ntcm-[w hcpw, ]pÂta-Sp-I-fnse I¶p-Imen
ta¨n Ap-h-Zn-¡nà F¶n-h-bmWv IÀj-I-À kan-Xn-¡p-ap-¼msI D¶-bn¨
{][m Bi-¦-IÄ.
-nÀt±-i-§Ä
 kwtbm-Pn-X-¡r-jn-bpsS `mK-ambn Huj-[-¡r-jn-bpsS, {]tXy-In¨v A]qÀh
Huj[ kky-§-fpsS Irjn Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡m-pÅ ]²-XnIÄ S-¸n-em-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
29

37.  IrjnØe-§fpw IÀj-I-cpsS BhmktI{µ-§fpw kwc-£n-X-ta-J-ebv¡v ]pd¯m-Ip-¶-tXmsS I¶p-Imen hfÀ¯Â kw_-Ôn¨ IÀj-I-cpsS Bi-¦-IÄ
Ah-km-n-¡p-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡mw.
 Ct¸mÄ ne-hn-epÅ Irjn-I-fn n¶p-apÅ hcp-amw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnpw
IÀj-Isâ km¼-¯nI kpc£ Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnpw th­n ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§fn I¶p-Imen hfÀ¯Â, tlmÀ«n-¡Ä¨À, ]pjv]-¡r-jn, tXo¨ hfÀ¯Â
XpS-§n-bh {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡m³ IÀj-Isc t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw AXn-pÅ
[-k-lmbw e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw. ]äp-¶{X Øe-§-fn Irjn, arK-kw-c£-Ww, tImgn-h-fÀ¯Â, aÕy-¡rjn XpS-§n-bh DÄs¸-Sp-¯ns¡m-­pÅ
kwtbm-PnXIrjncoXn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-t¡-­-Xp-­v.
 2014 IpSpw-_-Ir-jn-bpsS hÀj-ambn (Year of Family Farming) Bbn sFIy-cmjv{S-k` sXc-sª-Sp-¯n-«p-­v. CXv ap³nÀ¯n s{]m^.-Fw.-F-kv. kzman-m-Y³
`mc-X-¯n IpSpw-_-¡rjn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn ‘]©-io-enÂ’ S-¸m¡-W-sa¶v Bh-iy-s¸Sp-I-bp-­m-bn. Pe-tk-N--¯n-pÅ shÅw, kmt¦-XnI
hnZybpw D¸m-Z-tm-]m-[n-Ifpw, hmbv], hn]-W kuI-cyw, amt-Pvsaâv Fnh-bm-Wv ]©-ioe¯nsâ A©v LS-I-§Ä.
 Irjn-bn-S-§-fn¯s¶ ]p¡rjn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡m³ ]²Xn S-¸m-¡-Ww.
10.6. mS³ Imenk¼-¯nsâ ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡Â
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯n {]tZ-i-§-fn k¦-c-bnw I¶p-Im-en-Isf ntcm-[n-¡p-sa¶pÅ Bi¦ IÀj-IÀ¡n-S-bn ne-hn-ep-­v. CXv X§-fpsS km¼-¯nI `{ZX
XIÀ¡p-sa¶v AhÀ kwi-bn-¡p-¶p.
-nÀt±-i-§Ä
 k¦-c-bnw ]-ip-¡Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xnv ntcm-[--ap-­m-hcp-Xv. CXv kw_-Ôn¨
Bi-¦-IÄ Zpco-I-cn¡pIbpw thWw. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Bi-¦-IÄ P-k-aq-l¯n-ep-­m-Ip-¶Xv
]mep¸m-Z--¯nÂ
Ct¸mÄ
Xs¶
hfsc
]n¶n-epÅ
kwØm-s¯ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡m-n-S-bp-­v.
 {]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-Øsb sNdp-¡m³ sIev]pÅ mS³ I¶p-Imenbn-§Ä
t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-Ww. mS³ I¶p-Im-en-I-fmb sh¨qÀ ]ip, ImkÀtKmUv
UzmÀ^v, sNdp-hÅn ]ip, Ip«-m-S³ Fcp-a, A«-¸mSn Idp¯ BSv, A¦-amen
]¶n, ae-_mdn BSv, Ip«-m-S³ Xmdm-hv, t¡Uv s¡v tImgn XpS-§n-bh
30

38. tIc-f-¯nse
BÀ{Z-amb
A´-co-£-hpw,
NqSpw,
PeZuÀe-`yhpw
XcWw
sN¿m³ sIev]p-Å-h-bm-sW¶v imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfnbn-¨n-«p-­v. Ch-bpsS ]cn]m-ew sNehv Ipd-ª-Xp-am-Wv. Cu mS³ C-§sf ]cn-]m-en-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS
½psS mSnsâ ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw, Pn-X-Isshhn[yw F¶nh ne-nÀ¯m³
km[n-¡pw. I¶p-Im-en- hfÀ¯-ens B{i-bn¨pÅ ssPh-hm-XI¯nsâbpw
ssPh-h-f-¯n-sâbpw D¸m-Z¯nv Bh-iy-amb t{]mÕm-lw ÂI-Ww.
10.7. GI-hn-f-¡rjn
 ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn kao-]-Ø-e-§-fn At¡-jy, tX¡v, bq¡m-en-]väkv
F¶o ac-§Ä h³tXm-Xn h¨p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ {]h-WX I­p-h-cp-¶p­v. CXv
Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnse ]cn-Øn-Xn-sbbpw Irjn-sbbpw Hcp-t]mse {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn
_m[n--¡p-¶p. C¯cw hnf-IÄ 10 aoäÀ Bg-¯n hsc-bpÅ `qKÀ`Pes¯
h³tXm-XnÂ
hen-s¨-Sp-¡p-Ibpw
CXn-eqsS
cq]-s¸-Sp¶
hc­
ASna®v
`qKÀ`Pew ho­pw Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn nd-bp¶ kml-Ncyw XS-bp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. IqSmsX C¯cw A[n-n-thihr£-§Ä as®m-en-¸v, a®n n¶pÅ
t]mj-I-jvSw, ssPh-ssh-hn[ytimjWw F¶n-hbv¡v Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw
sN¿p-¶p. hnf-IÄ¡v kao-]¯v aäv hnf-IÄ hf-cm¯ ØnXn-hn-ti-jhpw
(Allelopathy) D­m-Ip-¶p-­v. ASn-¡m-Sp-IÄ sh«n C¯cw hr£-§Ä «p-]n-Sn¸n-¡p-¶Xv, hy-ar-K-§Ä th¡m-e¯v Blm-c¯npw shÅ-¯n-p-ambn
]c¡w ]mbp¶ ØnXn-hn-ti-j-¯nv Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p. shÅhpw `£-Whpw
ASn-¡m-Sp-I-fn n¶pw In«m-sX-h-cp-t¼mÄ Ch Irjn-bn-S-§-fn-te¡v Cd-§pIbpw Irjn in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. B-I-fpsSbpw ]¶n-I-fp-sSbpw B{Ia-W-amWv C¯-c-¯n apJy-ambpw D­m-Ip-¶-Xv.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 bq¡m-en-]väkv
XpS§nb
GI-hnf¡rjn-IÄ
ncp-Õm-l-s¸-Sp-¯-W-sa¶v
KmUvKn I½n-änbpw IkvXqcn cwK³ I½n-änbpw Bh-iy-s¸-«n-«p-­v. At¡-jy,
bq¡m-en]väkv, tX¡v F¶o GI-hn-f-¡r-jn-IÄ ntcm-[n-¡mw. hw-h-Ip¸v Ch
Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv Ã-Xm-Wv. hw hIp-¸nsâ GI-hn-ft¯m-«-§-fpsS Øm¯v kzm`m-hn-I-hw hf-cm--p-h-Zn-¡-Ww. At¸mÄ ASn¡m-Sp-IÄ Xg¨p hfÀ¶v hy-ar-K-§Ä¡v AhnsS A`bw In«pw. Bq¡m-en]väkv apX-emb GI-hn-f-IÄ ]mSnà F¶ {]tbmKw, `mhn-bn d_À, Im¸n,
31

39. tXbne XpS-§nb mWyhn-f-Isf _m[n-¡n-söv kÀ¡mÀ hyà-am¡n D¯chv ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨v IÀj-IcpsS Bi¦ AI-ä-Ww.
10.8. hy-ar-K-§-fpsS D]-{Zhw
 hm-XnÀ¯n-I-fn Xma-kn-¡p¶ P-§fpsS Irjn¡pw Pohn-X-¯npw hy-arK-§-fpsS ieyw h³tXm-Xn D­m-Ip-¶-Xmbn kan-Xn-bpsS {i²-bnÂs¸-«n-«p­v. sXfn-sh-Sp-¸n ]s¦-Sp¯hÀ; P-§Ä¡pw Irjn-bn-S-¯npw hyarK-§fpsS B{I-a-W-¯n n¶pw kwc-£Ww ÂI-W-sa-¶pw, hy-ar-K-§Ä
Irjn in-¸n-¨m jvS-]-cn-lmcw ÂI-W-sa¶pw, Ah Irjn-Ø-e-t¯¡v
IS-¡mXncn-¡m-pÅ S-]-Sn-IÄ ssIs¡m-Å-W-sa¶pw Bhiys¸-«n-«p-­v.
 IÀj-Ipw Irjn¡pw hy-ar-K-§Ä Hcp `oj-Wn-bmbn XoÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.
hhpw h-t¯m-sSm¸w kwc-£n-t¡­ {]tZ-ihpw Hmtcm ]Ýn-a-L« {Kma¯nepw Is­¯n Ønc-ambn kwc-£n-¡m³ km[n-¡p¶ ØnXn-bp-­m-Ipwhsc h-¯n-epÅ arK-§sf AXn--I-¯p-Xs¶ kwc-£n¨p nÀt¯­ ISabpw hw-h-Ip-¸n-sâ-Xmbn Xocp-¶p.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ap-jy-sbpw Irjn-sbbpw hy-Po-hn-IÄ B{I-an-¡p-¶Xp XS-bm-mbn
V
BIr-Xn-bn 2 aoäÀ Bghpw 4 aoäÀ hoXn-bp-apÅ s{S©p-Ifpw kutcmÀÖ
then-Ifpw D­m¡Ww. CXnv sXmgn-ep-d¸p ]²-Xn-bpsS km[y-X-IÄ D]-tbm-Ks¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
 hy-ar-K-§-fp-­m-¡p¶ Irjn-m-i-¯nv Ct¸mÄ ÂIp¶ [-k-lmbw ]cym]vX-amtWm F¶Xv ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
 Im«p]¶n-t]m-epÅ hwi-m-i-`o-jWn ne-hnenÃm¯ hy-ar-K-§sf HmSn¨v
Irjnbpw Pohpw kwc-£n-¡m³ IÀj-IÀ¡v kzmX{´yw ÂI-Ww.
 Ipc-§p-Ifpw aäpw `£Ww tXSn m«n-te-¡n-d-§p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡m³ h-¯n-pÅn ^e-hr-£-§Ä «p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡m³ hw-h-Ip¸v {]tXy-I-w Xm¸-cy-sa-Sp-¡Ww.
32

40. 10.9. ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse BZn-hmkn kaq-l-¯nsâ PohnXw
 ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn Ign-ªp-h-cp-¶ BZn-hm-kn-IÄ, AhcpsS Pohn-X-s¯bpw D]-Po-h--s¯bpw IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ dnt¸mÀ«v tZmj-I-c-ambn
_m[n-¡p-sa¶pw
AhÀ
IpSn-bn-d-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶p-sams¡
DXv¡-WvT-s¸-Sp-¶p.
AtX-k-abw kmaq-ln-I-ambpw km¼-¯n-I-ambpw hfsc ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bnepÅ Hcp P-k-aq-l-am-Wn-Xv.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 hm-h-Im-i-n-b-a-{]-Im-chpw ]mc-¼-cy-ambpw ]«n-I-hÀK-¡mÀ¡v ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZi-§-fnÂ
e`n-¨n-«p-ÅXpw
ssIhiw
h¨-p-`-hn-¨phcp-¶Xp-amb
]mÀ¸n-S-w,
Irjn`qan, D]-Po-hamÀK-§Ä F¶nhbv¡v Cu dnt¸mÀ«v XS-Ê-am-h-cp-Xv.
 ]Ýn-a-L« kwc-£n-X-{]-tZ-i-§fnse ]cn-ØnXn kulrZ hnI-k-{]-hÀ¯--§fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Xocp-am--§Ä FSp-¡p-¶-Xn ]Ýn-a-L« Ducp-Iq-«-§-fnse
{]Xn-n-[n-I-sf-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
 s]mXpth ssPh-¡rjn Ap-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ BZn-hmkn P-hn-`m-K-§sf Cu
taJ-e-bn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ ]²-Xn-Ifpw, Ch-cpsS ssPthm¸-¶§Ä¡v ymb-hne e`n-¡p¶ kml-N-cyhpw Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
 ]Ýn-aL«¯nse BZn-hmkn taJ-e-I-fn S-¸m-¡p¶ ]cn-ØnXn kulrZ
Sqdnkw ]²-Xn-I-fn BZn-hm-kn-IÄ¡p-IqSn sXmgn Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
10.10. aÕy-_-Ôw
 ]Ýn-a-L«{]-tZ-i-§-fn NneÀ Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw ]cn-ØnXn¡v BLm-X-ap-­m¡p-¶-Xp-amb aÕy-_-Ô--coXn Ap-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-­v. ssUm-an-äv, kvt^mS-Ih-kvXp-¡Ä, ©v F¶nh D]-tbm-Kn¨v aÕyw ]nSn-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw Pem-i-b§-fnse ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-¯n timj-Wap­m-¡p-¶p-­v. {]tXy-In¨v aÕy§fpsS {]P- Ime-¯v C¯cw aÕy-_-Ô--co-Xn-IÄ Ap-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv
aÕy-k-¼-¯nÂXs¶ Ipd-hp-­m-¡p-¶p.
-
33

41. nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ssU-m-anäpw aäv kvt^mSI -h-kvXp-¡fpw cmk-]-ZmÀ°-§fpw (-©v apXembh) D]-tbm-Kn-¨pÅ aÕy-_-Ôw ]qÀW-ambpw ntcm-[n-¡p-I. A[n-nthiaÕy-§Ä kwc-£nX {]tZ-i-§-fnse Pem-i-b-§-fn nt£-]n-¡p¶
kml-Ncyw IÀi--ambn nb-{´n-¡p-I.
10.11.
]cn-ØnXnteme -{]-tZ-i-§-fnse Sqdnkw
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nv kao-]-¯pÅ P-§-fpsS apJy km¼-¯nI t{kmX-Êp-IfnÂs¸Sp-¶-h-bmWv
]cn-ØnXn
hntmZk©m-cw
(Ecotourism),
ImÀjnI
hntmZ k©mcw (Farm Tourism) XpS-§nbh. dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸n-em-¡p-¶Xv C¯c-¯n-epÅ
hntm-Z-k-©m-c-¯n-p-ta nb-{´-W-ap-­m-Im³
hg-nsbm-cp-¡p-
sa¶pw CXv Cu taJ-e-bnse P-§-fpsS km¼-¯nI jvS-¯np hgn-sbm-cp¡p-sa-¶p-apÅ
Bi¦
ne-hn-ep-­v.
AtX-k-abwXs¶
h³InS
Sqdnkw
dntkmÀ«p-IÄ hw It¿dn sI«n-S-§fpw aäpw ]WnXv ]cn-Øn-Xn¡v BLm-X-ap­m-¡p¶ ØnXnhnti-jhpw ne-hn-ep-­v.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 C¯cw hntmZ k©mckwcw-`-§sf ]cn-ØnXnkulr-Z-]-c-amb coXn-bnÂ
t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡pI hgn ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£Ww Dd-¸m-¡mpw H¸w IÀj-IcpsS km¼-¯nI ne-hmcw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯mpw km[n-¡pw. kap{Znc-¸nÂ
n¶pw 500 aoä-dn IqSp-X Db-c-apÅ Ge-t¯m-«-§-fnepw Ipcp-ap-fIv tXm«-§fnepw aäpw hntm-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS Xma-k-¯npw aäp-ambn ]cn-ØnXn kulrZ
sI«n-S-§-fpsS (D-bcw 8 aoä-dn ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww) nÀ½m-Ww, Xt±-iob
D¸-¶-§-fpsS hn]-Ww, {]mtZ-inI P-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS sXmgn km[y-X-IÄ
F¶nh
t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p¶
coXn-bn-em-hWw
C¯cw
kwcw-`-§Ä
S-
¸mt¡­Xv. Irjn-bnS Sqdn-k-¯nsâ `mK-ambn Sqdn-Ìp-Isf BIÀjn-¡pw-hn[w
D¸m-Z--£-a-X-Iq-Snb I¶p-Im-en-Ifpw mS³ I¶p-Im-en-Ifpw aäpw DÄs¸-Sp¶
kwtbm-PnX Irjn-co-Xnbpw kam-´-c-ambn t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡mw. Xt±i hntmZ
k©m-cn-Isf IqSp-X-embn ]cn-ØnXn Sqdn-k-¯n-te¡pw Irjn-bnS Sqdn-k-¯nte¡pw BIÀjn-¡-Ww.
34

42.  Sqdnkw hnI-k--¯n-mbn ]cn-Øn-Xn¡v Ap-tbm-Py-amb hn[-¯nepw {KmaoW
A´-co-£-¯np tNÀ¶ coXn-bn-ep-apÅ KXm-KX kuI-cy-§Ä t{]mÕm-ln-¸n¡-Ww. hb-mSv, CSp¡n PnÃIfn Ct¸mįs¶ hym]-I-ambn ^mw Sqdnkw
S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-­v. CXnsâ `mK-ambn {KmaoW hoYn-I-fn s]t{SmÄ hml-§Ä¡v ]Icw aen-o-I-c-W-ap-­m-¡m¯ tkmfmÀ hml--§fpw _mädn hml-§fpw k_vknUn nc-¡n hnX-cWw sNbvXv t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ¶mbn-cn¡pw.
10.12.
kzIm-cy-`q-an-bnse acwsh«Â
 IkvXq-cn-cw-K³ dnt¸mÀ«v S-¸m-¡n-bmÂ, kzImcy`qan-bnse hr£-§Ä sh«p-¶Xnv nb-{´Ww D­m-Ip-sa¶v ChnsS ]c-¼-cm-K-X-ambn Pohn-¡p¶ P-hn-`m-K§Ä¡v Bi¦-bp-Å-Xmbn a-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªp.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]Ýn-a-L-«- {]tZ-i¯v am{X-a-Ã, tIc-f-¯nepÅ aäv {]tZ-i-§-fnepw kzImcy
`qan-bnepÅ ac-§Ä apdn-¡p¶-Xnv kÀ¡m-cnsâ Ap-hmZw Bh-iy-anà F¶
Xocp-amw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯n FSp-t¡-­-Xm-Wv. IqSp-X acw h¨p-]n-Sn-¸n¡m³ X¡ t{]mÕm-l--am-bn-cn¡pw C§-s-sbmcp kzmX{´yw ÂIp-¶-Xv.
IqSp-X acw Smpw hfÀ¯mpw t_m[-h¡-cW {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-¸m¡m³ ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-Isf Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
 acw apdn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-¸än ae-tbm-c-ta-J-e-bn-ep-­mb Bi¦IÄ aqew IÀj-IÀ
X§Ä «p-h-fÀ¯nb sNdn-b-a-c-§Ä t]mepw apdn-¨p-am-änb kml-Ncyw thZ-mP--I-am-Wv. Cn-sb-¦nepw C¯cw nÀt±-i-§Ä am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS {]N-cn-¸n-¡p¶Xv ncp-Õm-l-s¸-Sp-¯Ww.
10.13. ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£-IÀ¡pÅ t{]mÕm-lw
 ]e -hy-àn-Ifpw Iq«m-bva-Ifpw ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i-§-fn ]cn-ØnXn kwc£n-¡p¶Xn-mbn Imhp-IÄ, h-§Ä F¶nh h¨p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p-I, Pem-i-b-§Ä
kwc-£n-¡p-I, ]£n-IÄ¡pw aäpw BhmktI{µ-§Ä Hcp-¡p-I, mS³ hnf-bn-§-sfbpw I¶p-Im-en-I-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡p-I, mS³ aÕy-§sf hfÀ¯p-I
XpS-§nb {]hÀ¯-§Ä sNbvXp-h-cp-¶p-­v. Chsc t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-t¡-­Xv
35

43. ]cn-ØnXnkulrZ atm-`m-h-apÅ Hcp P-Xsb hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡m³ Bh-iyam-Wv.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ta¸-dª {]hÀ¯--§fpsS ]mcn-ØnXnI aqeyw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v kÀ¡mÀ
ChÀ¡v ]cn-ØnXn kwc-£-W-¯n-pÅ {]Xn-^-e-ambn kwc-£-W -tk-h--thXw ÂtI-­-Xp-­v.
 ]Ýna-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn amXr-Im-]-c-amb ]cn-ØnXnkwc-£-W {]hÀ¯-§Ä S-¯p¶ IÀj-IÀ¡pw aäv hyàn-IÄ¡pw Iq«m-bva-IÄ¡pw AhmÀUpIÄ GÀs¸-Sp-t¯-­-Xm-Wv.
10.14. ]mdJw
 ]Ýna-L«
{]tZ-i-§-fnÂ
{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xpamb
ssek³kv
Izmdn-IÄ
tSn-bn-«p-ÅXpw
At-I-ap­v.
Ah
A-[n-Ir-X-ambn
AÈm-kv{Xo-b-ambn
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶p, kmc-amb ]mcn-Øn-Xn-Im-Lm-X-§Ä D­m-¡p-¶p-. {]Ir-XymbpÅ kky-Pm-e-§-fp-sSbpw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-¯n-sâbpw miw, as®m-en-¸v,
`qKÀ` Pekw`-c-Ws¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡-Â, A´-co£ aen-o-I-c-Ww,
i_vZ-a-en-o-I-c-Ww, DcpÄs]m-«Â, hy-ar-K-§Ä¡p-­m-Ip-¶ `b-¸m-Sv, apjyÀ¡p-­m-Ip¶
_p²n-ap-«p-IÄ
XpS§n
]e
{]iv-§Ä¡pw
Ch-bpsS
{]hÀ¯w Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p-­v.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]Ýna-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn Ap-aXn IqSmsX {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Izmdn-IÄ
DSs nÀ¯-em-¡-m³ IÀi S-]Sn FSp-¡Ww. DoECC, SEAC, KSBB,
Ub-d-IvSÀ Hm^v Pntbm-fPn F¶nh DÄs¸-Sp¶ Hcp hnPn-e³kv kvIzmUv
CXn-mbn cq]o-I-cn-¡-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nÂ
]pd¯v
C.-F-kv.-F.
Izmdn-IÄ
Bbn
kwc-£n-¡-s¸-Sp¶
Ap-h-Zn-¡p-¶Xv
aoäsd¦nepw AIew ]men-¨mbncn-¡-Ww.
36
hm-XnÀ¯n-bnÂ
{]tZ-i-§-Ä¡v
n¶pw
500

44.  Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn S¯p¶ J {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡v SEIAA bpsS ¢nbd³kv nÀ_-Ô-ambpw hm§-W-sa¶v njv¡Àjn-¡-Ww.
 ne-hn CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hcp hnZKv[ I½nän ]cn-ØnXnteme {]tZ-i§-fn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Izmdn-I-fpsS {]hÀ¯--§-fpsS Hcp Ah-tem-Iw
S-¯-Ww. Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]--§-fpsSbpw aäv GP³kn-I-fp-sSbpw
`mK-¯p-n-¶pw Ch Ap-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn Fs´-¦nepw {Ia-t¡Sv D­m-bn-«pt­m F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-­-Xp-­v.
 Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn Ign-bp¶ P-§-fpsS kzImcy Bh-iy-§Ä¡p th­
]md AhnsS n¶pXs¶ ]mcn-ØnXnImLmXw Ipd¨v hnth-N]qÀW-ambn
FSp¡-m³ Ap-h-Zn-¡-Ww.
 ]Ýn-a-L«¯nse Ct¸mÄ Jw S-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-§-fn XÂØnXn ]cntim-[n-¨-tijw
h-ambn
kwc-£n-t¡-­
{]tZ-i-¯n-p-Ånem-sW-¦nÂ
DSs Ah-km-n-¸n-¡-Ww. CXn-p-th­n nb-a-{]-Imcw tm«okv ÂIn
Izmdn ssek³kv d±p sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
 F¶m ssPh-ssh-hn[y k¼p-jvS-a-Ãm¯ {]tZ-i-§-fn ]md-J-w Aph-Zn-¡p-¶Xv kw_-Ôn¨v SEIAA bpsS hnZKv[ ]T--¯nptijw DNn-X-amb
Xocp-amw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯n FSp-t¡-­-Xm-Wv. AÃm¯ ]£w tIc-f¯nse nÀamWmh-iy-§Ä¡v C¯cw Akw-kv¡rX hkvXp-¡Ä Xosc
e`y-am-Im¯ kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-tb¡pw.
 D]-tbmKiqy-amb Izmdn-IfpsS ]cn-ØnXn ]p-xØm-]w e£y-an-«pÅ
]²-Xn-IÄ S-¸n-em-¡p-I. Npäpw hr£-§fpw aäv kky-§fpw h¨p-]n-Sn-¸n¡p-I, Chsb Pekw`-c-Wn-I-fm¡n amäp-I, D]-tbmKiqy-amb Izmdn-I-fnÂ
aÕy-§-fpsS hfÀ¯Â t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-I F¶nh Cu ]²-Xn-I-fpsS `mKam-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
10.15.
aWÂhm-cÂ
 ]Ýna-L«
{]tZ-i-§-fnse
]pgIfnÂ
AÈm-kv{Xo-b-ambn
aWÂ
hmcÂ
AphÀ¯n¨ph-cp-¶p­v. Pemib-§-fnse ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-¯nsâ timj-Ww,
Pe-¯nsâ KpW-n-e-hm-c-¯n-ep-­m-Ip¶ Ipd-hv, kzm`m-hn-I-ambn F¡Â ASnªp-Iq-Sp-¶-Xn-pÅ XSÊw XpS§n ]e ]mcn-Øn-XnI {]iv-§fpw CXp-ImcWw D­m-Ip-¶p-­v.
 AtX kabw Cu {]tZ-i-§-fn Ign-bp¶ P-§-fpsS kzImcy nÀamW Bhiy-§Ä¡pÅ aWepw ]mdbpw e`y-am-¡-Wsa¶ Bhiyw DbÀ¶n-«pap­v.
37

45. nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]e dnkÀthm-b-dp-I-fnepw aWÂ ASn-ªp-Iq-Sp-¶-Xnsâ ^e-ambn Ch-bpsS
kw`-cWtijn Ipd-bp¶p­v. sX·e UmamWv CXnv DZm-l-cWw. sX·e
]©m-b-¯n n¶pw CXv kw_-Ôn¨ Hcp nth-Zw I½nän¡v e`n-¨n-«p-­v.
AXn-m CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv[-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯npw kmâv HmUnän§npw hnt[-b-ambn Chn-S-§-fn n¶pÅ aW FSp¯v ymb-amb
hnebv¡v Bh-iy-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ S-]Sn Kh¬saâv Xe¯n D­m-I-Ww. aW FSp-¡p-¶-tXmsS dnkÀthm-b-dnsâ Pe-kw-`cWtijn hÀ²n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse aävv Pem-i-b-§-fn n¶pw ta¸-dª coXn-bn nb{´n-X-amb hn[-¯n hnZ-Kvt[m-]-tZ-ia-p-k-cn¨v aW FSp-¡mhp¶-Xm-Wv.
]cn-ØnXn BLmXw D­m-¡m-¯-hn-[-¯n-epÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ
aWÂhmc-env Ap-hÀ¯n-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.
10.16.
Ipg¡n-W-dp-I-fpsS nÀamWw
 Ipg¡n-W-dp-IÄ h³tXm-Xn ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn Ipgn-¡p-¶Xv `qKÀ`-Pe-¯nsâ Aan-X-amb Nqj-Ww, kky-Pm-e-¯nsâ io-I-c-Ww, A´-co£ aeno-I-cWw XpS§n ]e {]iv-§Ä¡pw Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
 {Ku­v hm«À Un¸mÀ«psaânsâ tXr-Xz-¯n {]Xn-hÀjw Bbn-c-t¯mfw
Ipg¡n-W-dp-IÄ nÀ½n-¡p¶p F¶m-Wv IW-¡v. F¶m kzImcy Øm-]§-fpsS tXr-Xz¯n h³tXm-Xn-epÅ `qKÀ`Pe NqjWw S-¡p-¶-Xmbn
hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS {i²-bnÂs¸-«n-«p-­v. C¯-c-¯n Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb coXnbn- nÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Ipg-¡n-WdpI-fnse Pe-e-`yX c­p-hÀj-¯n-p-ÅnÂ
jvS-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-bmWv I­p-h-cp-¶-Xv.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fn An-b-{´n-X-ambpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-ambpw Ipg¡n-Wdp-IÄ Ipgn-bv¡p¶ kml-Ncyw Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-pth­ nb-{´-W-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v
Btem-Nn¨v DNn-X-amb Xocp-am--§Ä kÀ¡mÀ FSp-t¡­-Xm-Wv.
38

46.  {Ku­v hm«À Un¸mÀ«vsaânsâ ]²-Xn-I-fn DÄs¸-Sp¯n Un¸mÀ«vsaânsâ
Ap-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn `qKÀ` Pe-e-`y-X, `qan-bpsS InS¸v F¶nh a-Ên-em¡n
am{Xta ]ÝnaL« {]tZ-i-§-fn Ipg¡nWdp-IÄ Ap-h-Zn-¡m³ ]mSp-Åq.
 kzImcy GP³kn-IfpsS tXr-Xz-¯n-epÅ Ipg¡n-WÀ nÀ½mWw Cu {]Tzi§fn ]qÀW-ambpw ncpÕml-s¸-Spt¯­Xm-Wv.
 PeZuÀe-`y-w -Im-cWw Dt]-£n-¡-s¸« Ipg¡n-W-dp-Ifn Pew doNmÀPv
sNbvXv kw`-cn-¡m-pÅ kwhn-[m--§Ä, {Ku­v hm«À Un¸mÀ«vsaânsâ ]²Xn-I-fn nÀ_-Ô-am-bpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯Ww.
 ]Ýn-L« taJ-e-bnepw kwØm--¯nsâ aäv `mK-§-fn-ep-apÅ Hmtcm ho«nepw
Irjn-Ø-e¯pw ag-shÅ kw`-cWw nÀ_-Ô-am-¡p-I.
10.17. sI«nS nÀamWw
 ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ, AÈm-kv{Xo-b-ambpw ]cn-Øn-Xn¡v XI-cm-dp-­m-¡p¶
coXn-bn-ep-apÅ ss]en-Mv, Ncn-hp-I-fnse a®n-Sn-¨nÂ, InS-§p-I-fpsS nÀamWw
XpS-§n-bh DÄs¸-Sp¶ h³InS nÀamW {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-¯p-¶Xv A`n-Imay-a-Ã. C¯cw nÀamW {]hÀ¯--§Ä ]cn-Øn-Xnsbbpw ssPh-ssh-hn-[ys¯bpw tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. am{X-a-Ã, DcpÄs]m-«Â t]mepÅ {]IrXn
Zpc-´-§Ä D­m-Impw C¯cw h³InS nÀamW {]hÀ¯--§Ä Imc-W-am-Ip¶p­v.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-ta-J-e-bn kap-t{Zm-]-cn-X-e-¯n n¶pw 500 aoä-dnv ta Db-capÅ
Øe-§-fnÂ, `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-¯n n¶pw sI«n-S-§-fpsS D-bcw 8 aoädmbn
]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
 ]pXnb dntkmÀ«p-IÄ, tlm«-ep-IÄ apX-em-b-h DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ FÃm sI«n-S§Ä¡pw
ta¸-dª
]cnØnXnkulr-Z-]-chpw
Dbc
n_-Ô--IÄ
hntI-{µo-Ir-X-hp-amb
_m[-I-am-¡Ww.
ameny
Ch-bnÂ
kwkv¡-cWw,
kutcmÀP-¯nsâ D]-tbmKw, ssPh-hm-XI nÀamWw, ag-shÅ kw`-c-Ww XpS§n-bh nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.
 Ap-tbm-Py-amb kmt¦-XnIhnZy-I-fneq-sSbpw s]mXp-P Ah-t_m[ {]hÀ¯-§-fn-eq-sSbpw ]Ýn-a-L« {]tZ-i¯pw kwØm--¯nâ aäv `mK-§-fnepw agshÅkw`cWhpw `qKÀ`Pe -kw-c-£Whpw Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
39

47.  ne-hn-epÅ dntkmÀ«p-I-fn ae-n-o-I-cW BUn-änwKv S-¯-Ww.
10.18.
sdUv Imä-Kdn hyh-km-b-§Ä
 h³tXm-XnepÅ ]mcn-Øn-XnI aen-o-I-cWw D­m-¡p¶ hyh-km-b-§Ä ]Ýn-aL« {]tZ-i-§-fnse ssPh-k-¼-¯n Imcy-amb miw D­m-¡p-¶p-­v, {]tXyIn¨v Pem-i-b-§-fn Ch D­m-¡p¶ aen-o-I-cWw hy-Po-hn-I-fpsS ac-W¯nepw aäpw Iem-in-¡p-¶p. imkv{Xo-b-amb ameny kwkv¡-cW amÀK-§Ä
Ap-hÀ¯n-¡m¯ ØnXn-IqSn kwPm-X-am-Ip-t¼mÄ Cu {]iv-¯nsâ cq£X
]Xn-·-S-§m-hpw.
 C.-F-kv.-F.--bn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ XriqÀ, Nme-¡p-Sn-bnse ]cn-bmcw hntÃPn B[p-nI coXn-bn-epÅ amwk kwkv¡-cW ^mIvS-dnbpw Ad-hp-im-ebpw
Øm]n-¡p-¶Xnv ]²Xn C«n-«p-s­¶pw, CXn-mbn 2 tImSn cq] Kh¬saâv
Ap-h-Zn-¨-Xmbpw aoäv s{]mUIvSvkv Hm^v C´y F¶ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]w
Adn-bn-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn. Cu kwcw-`s¯ sdUv Imä-Kdn hyh-km-b-§Ä¡p
hcp¶ nb-{´-W-¯n n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-Wsa-¶mWv Ah-cpsS Bh-iyw.
 ae-_mÀ knaâvkv enanäUv F¶ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]--¯nsâ Np®m¼v IÃv
J {]hÀ¯n-IÄ Gähpw imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bn sN¿p-¶-h-bm-sW¶pw
B {]hÀ¯w XS-Ê-s¸-Sm³ CS-bm-¡-cp-sX¶pw I¼n A`yÀ°n-¨p. Cu I¼n-bpsS knaâv D¸m-Zw XS-Ê-s¸-«m aäv kwØm--§-fnse knaâv I¼-nIÄ tIc-f-¯nse knaâv hne Ir{Xn-a-ambn DbÀ¯n P-§sf _p²n-ap-«nem¡pw F¶v Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨p-sIm­v I¼n nth-Zw Xcp-I-bp-­m-bn.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 P-Po-hn-X¯nv Bh-iy-amb Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, hnZym-e-b-§Ä, tZhm-e-b-§Ä
`£ykpc-£sb _m[n-¡p¶ ]m kwkv¡-cW bqWn-äpIÄ, ]gw-]-¨-¡dn
kwkv¡-cWw F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« t{]mP-IvSp-IÄ¡v {]tXyI ]cn-K-W
ÂIn ntcm[-¯n n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡Ww. amen-y§Ä th­-hn[w kwkv¡cn-¡m-pÅ kwhn-[mw D­m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. aäv hnI-k {]hÀ¯--§Ä SEIAA
¢nbd³knv hnt[-b-ambn am{Xw Ap-h-Zn-¡p-I.
 ae-_mÀ knaâvkv, aoäv t{]mUIvSvkv Hm^v C´y XpS-§nb s]mXp-ta-Jem
Øm]--§-fpsSbpw ne-hn Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kzImcy hyh-
40

48. kmb Øm]--§-fp-sSbpw {]hÀ¯w kpK-a-ambn S-¯m³ Ahsc Ap-h-Zn¡-Ww.
10.19.
Su¬jn-¸p-I-fpsS nÀamWw
 ]Ýn-a-L«¯nse kwc-£n¡s¸-tS­ {]tZ-i-§-fn hnI-k--¯nsâ `mK-ambn
h³InS Su¬jn-¸p-IÄ nÀ½n-¡p-¶Xv Bim-ky-a-Ã. A´-co£ aen-o-I-cWw,
Pe-a-en-o-I-c-Ww, i_vZ aen-o-I-cWw, ssPh-ssh-hn-[y- timjWw, {]Imi
aen-o-IcWw XpS§n Ht«sd {]iv-§Ä¡v CXv Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 ]cn-ØnXnkulrZ hnI-k-w, ]cn-Øn-Xn-bv¡n-W-§-p¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ Pe-e-`yX, ]mc-¼-tcy-Xc DuÀP t{kmX-Êp-I-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, hn³Uv anÂ, ]c-¼-cm-KX
]cn-ØnXn kulrZ sI«n-S-§Ä XpS-§n-bh DÄs¸-Sp¯pwhn[hpw, aen-o-I-cWhpw ]cn-ØnXn io-I-c-Whpw ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-¡n-s¡m-­p-am-bn-cn-¡Ww
Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnse ]©m-b-¯p-I-Ä amÌÀ ¹mp-IÄ X¿m-dm-t¡-­-XWv.
 C¯cw {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡v amXr-I-bmhpw hn[w Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-c-WØm]--§Ä
Ah-cp-sS-Xmb ameny kwkv¡-cW {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-t¯-­-Xm-Wv.
 ]Ýn-a-L-«-{]-tZ-i-§-fn ¹mÌnIv Iymcn_mKp-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw 3 hÀj-¯nIw ]qÀW-ambn ntcm-[n-¡-Ww.
10.20. ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^­v
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 sehn C-¯n e`y-am-Ip¶ XpI Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW Øm]--§-fnsebpw
kwØm--¯n-sâbpw ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^­n nt£-]n¨v ssPh-ssh-hn[y
]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-I-fpsS taÂtm-«-¯n ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-£W {]hÀ¯-§Ä¡v hnn-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.
 h³InS Sqdnkw kwcw-`-§Ä¡p-ta skÊv GÀs¸-Sp-t¯­Xpw CXv Xt±i
kzbw-`-cW Øm]--§-fn-epÅ ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^­n nt£-]n-t¡-­-Xp-amWv. C§s e`n-¡p¶ XpI ssPssh-hn[y nb-a-§fpw N«-§fpw Ap-k-cn¨v
cq]wsIm­ ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-I-fpsS taÂtm-«-¯nepw nb41

49. {´-W-¯nepw ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-£W {]hÀ¯--§Ä¡mbn hnn-tbm-Kn¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
10.21.
]cn-ØnXn Imh kwLw
 ]Ýn-a-L«
{]tZ-i-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸-«pÅ
]cn-ØnXn
timj-W-{]-hÀ¯--
§Ä¡v Xmsg X«n th­{X taÂtm«w D­m-Im¯ ØnXn-bp-­v. ]e-t¸mgpw
]cn-ØnXn timjW {]hÀ¯--§Ä S-¸m¡n ZoÀL-Ime¯np tij-amWv
CXp kw_-Ôn¨ ]cm-Xn-Ifpw aäpw A[n-Ir-X-cpsS ssII-fn-se-¯p-¶-Xv.
nÀt±-i-§Ä
 kÀ¡mÀ D¯-chv w. 04/13/]cn XobXn 13.05.2013 {]Imcw ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn]me kan-Xn-Isf {Kma ]©m-b¯v Xe-¯n ‘]cn-ØnXn Imh kwL-’§fmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-­v. ]cn-ØnXn nb-a-§Ä, N«-§Ä,
hnÚm-]--§Ä F¶nh ewLn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ FÃm S]Sn-Ifpw, ]cn-ØnXn
timjW {]hÀ¯--§fpw A[n-Im-cn-Isf Ad-nbn-¡m-pÅ Npa-Xe ssPh-sshhn[y ]cn-]me kan-Xn-IÄ¡m-Wv. Cu kan-Xn-IÄ¡v IqSp-X {]hÀ¯
kuI-cy-§fpw ÂIn Chsb imào-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv Ã-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
 ta¸-dª coXn-bn ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-IÄ¡v {]hÀ¯
kuI-cy-§fpw km¼-¯nI klm-bhpw IqSp-X-embn ÂIp-t¼mÄ Cu kanXnbnse AwK-§sf sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ kpXm-cy-amb am-Z-WvU-§Ä
sIm­p-h¶v Ah IÀi--ambn ]men-¡-Ww. AwK-§-fpsS tbmKy-X, ]Ým¯ew F¶nh hyà-ambn a-Ên-em¡n am{Xw tman-t-äUv AwK-§sf (6
t]À) sXc-sª-Sp-¡Wsa¶ Imcy njv¡Àjn-¡-Ww. ne-hn-epÅ
AwK-§-
fpsS tbmKy-Xbpw ssPh-ssh-hn[y {]hÀ¯--§fn AhÀ¡pÅ {]mhoWyhpw ]cn-tim-[n¨v ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e kan-Xn-IÄ ]p:-kw-LSn-¸n-¡p¶Xv ¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. aq¶v hÀj-¡mew Ignªv Cu kan-Xn-I-fpsS {]hÀ¯w
hne-bn-cp-¯-Ww.
tUm.-D-½³ hn. D½³
I¬ho-À
]n.-kn. kndn-bIv
AwKw
42
tUm.-hn.-F³.-cm-P-ti-J-c³]n-ff
AwKw