1. Guns, Germs, & Steel
Geographic Determinis!
& The Fates of Human Societies
by Jared Diamond

2. INTRO:
Collision at Cajamarca
• Atahualpa !Inca" vs.
Pizarro !Spaniard"
• Cajamarca, Peru
• Signi#cance?

3. INTRO:
Collision at Cajamarca
• Atahualpa !Inca" vs.
Pizarro !Spaniard"
• Cajamarca, Peru
• Signi#cance?

4. Collision at Cajamarca
REASONS FOR PIZARRO$S SUCCESS
• Military Technology
!guns, steel weapons,
and horses"
• Infectious diseases

5. Collision at Cajamarca
REASONS FOR PIZARRO$S SUCCESS
• Maritime technology
• Centralized political
organization
• Writing

6. Chains
of
Causation

7. Proximate Causes
%GUNS, GERMS, & STEEL&
• Why Europe !Asia"?
Why NOT America?

8. East ! West Axis
North ! South Axis
Ultimate Causes
%FARMER POWER&

9. Agriculture & Animals
Agricultural societies Meat from livestock
produce more food and replaces wild meat.
thus more people. Animals also provide
Density also creates power to pull plows and
more possible inventors. fertilizer. Diseases follow.

10. World Distribution of
Large'Seeded Grass Species
Area Number of Species
West Asia, Europe, N. Africa 33
East Asia 6
Sub'Saharan Africa 4
Americas 11
Northern Australia 2
TOTAL 56

11. Corn niblets vs Chickpeas
• Teosinte
• Ancestor of Maize
• Indian selection
created varieties

12. Corn niblets vs Chickpeas
• Chickpea
!Garbanzo bean"
• High in protein
• Edible in original
wild form

13. Mammalian Candidates
for Domestication
Eurasia America"s#
Candidates 72 24
Domesticated species 13 1
( of candidates domesticated 18( 4(

14. Domestication Dates
!large mammals"
Species Date #B.C.E.$ Place
Dog 10,000 SW Asia, China, N.Amer.
Sheep 8,000 SW Asia
Goat 8,000 SW Asia
Pig 8,000 SW Asia, China
Cow 6,000 SW Asia, India
Horse 4,000 Ukraine
Donkey 4,000 Egypt
Water Bu%alo 4,000 China?
Llama 3,500 Andes
Bactrian camel 2,500 Central Asia
Arabian camel 2,500 Arabia

15. Deadly Gifts
from Our Animal Friends

16. Deadly Gifts
from Our Animal Friends
Human Diseas$ Animal Sourc$
Measles cattle !rinderpest"
Tuberculosis cattle
Smallpox cattle !cowpox"
Flu pigs & ducks
Pertussis pigs & dogs
Falciparum malaria birds !chickens & ducks?"

17. Conclusion
#Why weren$t the Incas the ones to
invent guns and steel swords, to b%
mounted on animals as fearsome as
horses, to bear diseases to which
Europeans lacked resistance, to
develop oceangoing ships and
advanced political organization,
and to be able to draw on th%
experience of thousands of
years of written history?&