This presentation was prepared by SPA Delhi for "Anusandhaana" - XV Annual NOSPlan Convention

1. Current Practices
XV Annual NOSPlan Convention
Theme : Safe Cities
„Community – led Disaster Risk Management‟
Case Study of Rajiv Gandhi Nagar (Dharavi), Mumbai
A project done in collaboration of
Global Center of Excellence, Human Security Engineering (GCOE-HSE)
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
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School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi , India
Participants:
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Municipal Corporation of greater Mumbai , Mumbai, India
Aditya Ajith
Amit Kumar
Shefali Parashar
Malvika Rautela
Mayank Parmar
Saneera Dev
School of Planning and Architecture
New Delhi

2. Introduction
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Safe Cities
Crime
Prevention
Disaster
Management
IDRiM – Integrated
Disaster Risk Management
CLDRM – Community – led Disaster
Risk Management
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

3. Introduction
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Difference between Community – “based” DRR
and Community – “led” DRR
Community Based
Conventional approach in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) – involves community in
passive manner – inputs used as suggestions & guidelines.
Final decisions are taken by external expert or local government ; largely driven by the
interest and intentions of the external stakeholders than the actual affected community.
Emphasis mainly on disaster response rather than risk mitigation and disaster
preparedness.
Community Led
“Bringing the vulnerable communities together and beginning a new spirit
towards being proactive to disaster risk and make them more and more
self dependent while achieving resiliency”
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

4. Introduction
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Collaborative Effort
Disaster risk reduction efforts, to be
effective at local level has to be based on a
strong „bottom-up‟ approach
Technical Support
Technical Experts
Academicians
Administrative Experts
Use of innovative methods to facilitate
the vulnerable community people to
directly
involve
in
planning
and
implementation processes.
Aspects
namely
risk
perception, vulnerability assessment, risk
communication and planning methods and
systems for risk reduction have to be main
focus of the community representatives.
Community
NGOs
(for mobilization and innovation)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

5. Introduction
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Lead Actor : Community
Direct involvement of community in
each step of analysis of community
vulnerability and status, risk perception
and taking decisions about actions
toward risk
The Technical agency involved shall
help the community to augment their
awareness and scientific knowledge
through introduction of appropriate
techniques
by
bringing
experts,
academicians, government officials, civil
defence etc. to interact with them.
An understanding of the scientific
processes should be developed by the
community helping them to take
decisions rationally by themselves
The community itself shall list out all
the necessary actions to be taken for
risk reduction with the necessary help of
technical
and
administrative
agencies.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

6. Case Study
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Introduction to Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Dharavi, Mumbai
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

7. Case Study
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Introduction to Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Dharavi, Mumbai
Mangrove forests converted
into squatter settlement by
migrants and labourers
Area : 4 ha
Population
families)
:
Predominantly
character
13000
(2200
residential
Duration of stay: 30 years
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

8. Participatory Tools &
Techniques Applied
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Open-ended interviews with Key Informants (along with more than 1000
questionnaire based household surveys)
Town Watching, Field Notes & Problem identification
Group Discussions (10 exhibitions of findings, maps, photos in Mumbai &
Delhi)
Content Analysis- Selected Surveys & Data processing
Participatory Risk Mapping & vulnerability Zoning
SWOT analysis for Capability Status & Potential
‘Yonmenkaigi’ exercise for problem solving
Interactive workshops with community leaders and other stakeholders (08
Participatory Workshops in Japan, Mumbai & Delhi with strong involvement of
Community Leaders)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

9. Participatory Tools &
Techniques Applied
Observation Technique
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Interviews and Discussions
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

10. Participatory Tools &
Techniques Applied
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Map prepared with the
help of the community
leaders
Participatory Risk Mapping
with community Leaders
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

11. Participatory Tools &
Techniques Applied
Rajiv Gandhi Nagar – Distribution of
Houses According to Building Materials
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Rajiv Gandhi Nagar – Distribution of
Houses According to Normal Water
Logging during Rains
Similar maps were prepared for Distribution of Houses based on Actual Evacuation – 2005, July
Disaster; Distribution of Houses According to Self-estimated Total Monitory Loss 2005 , July
Disaster; etc. using participatory mapping
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

12. Participatory Tools &
Techniques Applied
S
W
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
O
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
T
Current Practices

13. Action Plan
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
FLOOD
Rehabilitation
and
Preparedness
RECONSTRUCTION
Response
Relief
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

14. Action Plan Process
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Actions community can perform mobilizing local resources & without
external help
Actions that need city government help clearly identified and dealt separately.
Allocation of responsibility for actions among the community leaders /
champions & volunteers.
Translation of actions on to the ground conditions – nodal points,
signboards, notice boards, information dissemination, place for rescue and relief
material , evacuation routes etc.
This process has been applied on all the 4 stages of Disaster Management, viz,
Response, Relief, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation.
2 of these aspects are demonstrated in the coming slides (due to time
constraint)
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

15. Action Plan – Rescue/ Response Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Actors and Responsibilities
Priority
List of Actions for Rescue Operation
1
To summon all volunteers to come forward to rescue people in emergency
3
To Identify risky spots where the rescue team may need to go on priority basis.
4
To rescue disabled, injured, elderly people
5
To provide and distribute the list of contents of survival kits in community
6
To appeal people to carry their “survival kit” and “first-aid” box
7
To appeal people to carry their “vital documents” , specially various identity
card during evacuation
8
To prepare “Life-Jacket” using locally available materials, example plastic
bottles, plastics bags.
9
To prepare boats made by locally available materials, examples drums, wooden
plates etc. to rescue disabled , elderly and injured persons.
10
To collaborate and appeal Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and NGOs
to provide floating boats to rescue people if necessary.
11
To provide First-aid treatment
12
What the
Community can do
with External Help
Index : priority of actions
To Identify local young member from clubs, religious place, political parties to
provide voluntary support to rescue people
2
What the
Community Can Do
To use sniffing dogs for locating trapped people under debris
Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
Municipal Corporation of Greater
Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other
Academic Institutes
Core Action Group
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political
Group
Community volunteers
Current Practices

16. Action Plan
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Index : List of Actors
Core Action Group
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political
Group
Community volunteers
Municipal Corporation of Greater
Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other
Academic Institutes
Flood level –
2005, Rajiv Gandhi
Nagar
Index : priority of actions
Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

17. Action Plan - Relief
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Actors and Responsibilities
Priority
List of Actions :Relief for Affected
People
1
To ensure the access to those building during flood emergency
3
To mark the temporary shelter with “S” letter for easy finding and
locating
4
To use loudspeakers to update the stages of improvements of flood
situation and relief operation
5
To provide medicine to evacuees in free of cost
6
To set up community kitchen and provide foods and dirking
7
To set up temporary and mobile toilets and maintain it by local volunteers.
8
To provide extra support to elderly, women and children during their stay
in shelters.
9
To promote higher sense of hygiene among the residence during
emergency
10
What the
Community can
do with
External Help
To indentify adjacent school, office buildings, public building for
temporary shelters
2
What the
Community
Can Do
To set up specially trained “women group” to provide trauma care
wherever necessary during disaster.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

18. Action Plan
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Core Action Group
Chawl Committee
Religious, Cultural and Political
Group
Community volunteers
Municipal Corporation of Greater
Mumbai (MCGM)
Civil Defence
NGOs
GCOE –HSE and other
Academic Institutes
Evacuation
Status @ Rajiv
Gandhi Nagar in
2005
Index : priority of actions
Immediate Priority
Intermediate Priority
Remote Priority
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

19. Positive Outputs
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
Change of attitude of City Government from ONLY ‘Hardware’
engineering solutions for disaster management to ‘Software’ and
‘ Human-ware’ solutions accepting the critical role communities can play.
Grass-root level flood safety management- Enhancement of
Community Capability toward higher Self- Efficacy & Collective-Efficacy.
Facilitation of Sustainable community leadership through better identity
and operability.
Improved advocacy & bargaining power of the community.
Community-led Disaster Management Participatory Action Plan , Actual
implementation of small but quickly implementable actions by the
community & preparation of a booklet for publication by GCOE HSE.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices

20. Acknowledgment
Community – led Disaster Risk Management
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE
We would like to sincerely thank Prof. B. Mishra for lending his support
for providing with relevant material and guidance for understanding the
process of CLDRM.
We would also like to acknowledge the relentless work of GCOE –
HSE, Kyoto University, SPA Delhi and MCGM.
It would be incomplete without acknowledging the efforts of the Local
community of Dharavi whose relentless struggle has made this endeavour
worthwhile.
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Current Practices