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WELCOMES YOU ITS o urce Academy Of Computer
A+ (Hardware)
What is a Computer  ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use Of Computer ,[object Object]
Function Of Computer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Accepting Data   ,[object Object]
2.Storing Data ,[object Object]
3.Processing Data ,[object Object]
4.Displaying Data   ,[object Object]
Types of Computers   ,[object Object]
Super Computer ,[object Object]
Mainframe Computer ,[object Object]
Mini Computer ,[object Object]
Micro Computer ,[object Object]
Types of Portable PCs Laptops  Notebooks  Subnotebooks  Palmtops  Portable PCs vary in size and features. One type of portable PC is the laptop that is comparable to a briefcase in size and structure. Notebooks and sub notebooks are smaller versions of laptops. The palmtop is small enough to be held in the palm of the hand. Example are as follow:-          
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
General Concepts of Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Firmware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
R O M ,[object Object]
BIOS ,[object Object]
CMOS ( Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
POST (Power-On Self-Test ) ,[object Object]
Starting a PC for the First Time   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Software ,[object Object],[object Object]
System Software   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Application Software   ,[object Object],[object Object]
OS (Operating System) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Function Of OS   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operating Systems and BIOS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Operating Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DOS (Disk Operating System) ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DOS Structure   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commands Of DOS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Different Between Window XP Professional  & Window 2000 Professional ASR No ASR GPO No GPO Workgroup and domain member Workgroup Member Support 2 Processor Support1 Processor  Encryption No Encryption Yes No Remote desktop Windows XP Profession Windows XP Home
Different Between Window XP Professional  & Window 98 No Disk Quota Disk Quota No GPO Support GPO Support FAT 16, 32 & NTFS Support FAT 32 & NTFS Support 1 Processor Support 2 Processor  No Encryption Support Encryption No Remote Desktop Support Remote desktop Windows 98 Windows XP Professional
Different Between Window 95  & Window 98 Support FAT 16, 32 & NTFS Support FAT 16 & FAT 32 Support Direct X No Direct X Multiple Monitor Single Monitor Support USB No USB Support Windows 98 Windows 95
Computer System Computer System HARDWARE SOFTWARE FIRMWARE KEYBOARD MOUSE HARD DISK DRIVE FLOPPY DISK DRIVE MOTHERBOARD PROCESSOR RAM CD-ROM SMPS MONITOR PRINTER/SCANNER SYSTEM APPLICATION O.S N.O.S DRIVERS READYMADE TAILORMADE ROM BIOS POST
Computer Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1.KEYBOARD Keyboard is the primary input device of the PC. You use the keyboard to enter commands and type text. The keyboards on computers are similar to typewriters. However, a computer has many additional keys. Computer keyboards have not changed a lot since they were introduced. The only changes have been additions to the number of keys in the original keyboards. Present day keyboards have 101 or more keys. Each of these keys performs a different operation.
Type of Keys
TYPE OF KEYBOARD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AT Keyboard ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PS/2 Keyboard ,[object Object],[object Object]
USB Keyboard ,[object Object],The 4-pin USB connector for keyboards is fast replacing the 6-pin PS/2 port as the most widely used connector for keyboards. The USB keyboard is connected to the USB port on the back of the computer and tends to be the fastest.
2.MOUSE ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Mechanical Mouse  Optomechanical Mouse  Optical Mouse  Cordless Mouse
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Mouse Connectors   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
3. Hard Disk Drive ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)  Serial ATA (SATA) Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
[object Object],Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA)
[object Object],Serial ATA(SATA)
[object Object],Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],File Allocation Table (FAT)  FAT16 FAT 32 New Technology File System (NTFS  Extended File System (EXT)
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Low Level Formatting  High Level Formatting
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
3.Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
5.CD-ROM AND CD WRITER DRIVES   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object]
DVD ROM AND COMBO DRIVES   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
6.Motherboard ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
I/O PORTS AND DEVICES   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
7.MICROPROCESSORS  ,[object Object]
TYPE Slot Socket
The microprocessor is a chip that accepts data and instruction, processes it and gives the output. An instruction is a calculation that the microprocessor processes such as adding two numbers. One of the key elements of the microprocessor is its speed. The speed of the microprocessor depends on various factors such as the number of instructions it processes, the bandwidth, and the clock speed. The bandwidth specifies the number of binary digits that the microprocessor can process in a single instruction. The clock speed specifies the speed at which the microprocessor processes an instruction. The speed of the microprocessor also depends on the number of the transistors built into the processor. The transistors in the microprocessor boost the data signals on the processor. The more the transistors built on the microprocessor the faster is the speed of the microprocessor. The advancements in technology have reduced the size of the transistors and have increased the processing speed of the processor. Microprocessors may also have a cache to store information. The microprocessor can access information faster from the cache than from the RAM           Overview of Microprocessors
 
Type Along With Date ,[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8.Memory ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Memory Primary Memory Secondary Memory ROM RAM HDD FDD PEN Drive ZIP Drive P-ROM EP-ROM EEP-ROM S-RAM D-RAM Synchronous  EDO RAM SD-RAM DDR-RAM RD-RAM EDO RAM FPM RAM
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Read Only Memory(ROM) ,[object Object]
Type of ROM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
P-ROM ,[object Object]
EP-ROM ,[object Object]
EEP-ROM ,[object Object]
Random Access (RAM) ,[object Object]
Type of RAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
S-RAM (Static Random Access Memory   ) ,[object Object]
D-RAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory ) ,[object Object]
 
TYPE of D-RAM ,[object Object],[object Object]
SD-RAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory ) ,[object Object]
DDR-RAM (Double Data Rate Random Access Memory ) ,[object Object]
Difference between SRAM and DRAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Virtual Memory ,[object Object]
Flash Memory ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Memory Packages   ,[object Object]
Type of Memory Package ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
9. SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) ,[object Object]
Functions of Power Supply   ,[object Object]
Type of Power Supply ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personal Computer / Extended Technology (PC/XT) ,[object Object]
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
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Computer Hardware

  • 1. WELCOMES YOU ITS o urce Academy Of Computer
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  • 15. Types of Portable PCs Laptops Notebooks Subnotebooks Palmtops Portable PCs vary in size and features. One type of portable PC is the laptop that is comparable to a briefcase in size and structure. Notebooks and sub notebooks are smaller versions of laptops. The palmtop is small enough to be held in the palm of the hand. Example are as follow:-          
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  • 40. Different Between Window XP Professional & Window 2000 Professional ASR No ASR GPO No GPO Workgroup and domain member Workgroup Member Support 2 Processor Support1 Processor Encryption No Encryption Yes No Remote desktop Windows XP Profession Windows XP Home
  • 41. Different Between Window XP Professional & Window 98 No Disk Quota Disk Quota No GPO Support GPO Support FAT 16, 32 & NTFS Support FAT 32 & NTFS Support 1 Processor Support 2 Processor No Encryption Support Encryption No Remote Desktop Support Remote desktop Windows 98 Windows XP Professional
  • 42. Different Between Window 95 & Window 98 Support FAT 16, 32 & NTFS Support FAT 16 & FAT 32 Support Direct X No Direct X Multiple Monitor Single Monitor Support USB No USB Support Windows 98 Windows 95
  • 43. Computer System Computer System HARDWARE SOFTWARE FIRMWARE KEYBOARD MOUSE HARD DISK DRIVE FLOPPY DISK DRIVE MOTHERBOARD PROCESSOR RAM CD-ROM SMPS MONITOR PRINTER/SCANNER SYSTEM APPLICATION O.S N.O.S DRIVERS READYMADE TAILORMADE ROM BIOS POST
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  • 45. 1.KEYBOARD Keyboard is the primary input device of the PC. You use the keyboard to enter commands and type text. The keyboards on computers are similar to typewriters. However, a computer has many additional keys. Computer keyboards have not changed a lot since they were introduced. The only changes have been additions to the number of keys in the original keyboards. Present day keyboards have 101 or more keys. Each of these keys performs a different operation.
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  • 169. The microprocessor is a chip that accepts data and instruction, processes it and gives the output. An instruction is a calculation that the microprocessor processes such as adding two numbers. One of the key elements of the microprocessor is its speed. The speed of the microprocessor depends on various factors such as the number of instructions it processes, the bandwidth, and the clock speed. The bandwidth specifies the number of binary digits that the microprocessor can process in a single instruction. The clock speed specifies the speed at which the microprocessor processes an instruction. The speed of the microprocessor also depends on the number of the transistors built into the processor. The transistors in the microprocessor boost the data signals on the processor. The more the transistors built on the microprocessor the faster is the speed of the microprocessor. The advancements in technology have reduced the size of the transistors and have increased the processing speed of the processor. Microprocessors may also have a cache to store information. The microprocessor can access information faster from the cache than from the RAM           Overview of Microprocessors
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  • 195. Memory Primary Memory Secondary Memory ROM RAM HDD FDD PEN Drive ZIP Drive P-ROM EP-ROM EEP-ROM S-RAM D-RAM Synchronous EDO RAM SD-RAM DDR-RAM RD-RAM EDO RAM FPM RAM
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