3. 3
About ALTTC
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
(Premier Telecom Training Centre Of BSNL,Govt. Of India)
Awarded ITU CoE in following Excels ( 2019-2022)
• Cyber Security
• IoT (Internet Of Things)
• Wireless Broad Band(NGBN)
6. Quick Look:
• Where we are?
•Evolution In Web
•Cyber World
•What is Industry4.0
•CPS Classification & Description
•SDN In Industry 4.0
•5C Architecture of IIoT
8. 8
Internet appears everywhere in the world
It is primarily connection between people
Move from Internet of People Internet of Things
Internet of Things is a plan to connect
things also using the same medium
10. Quick Look:
Answer……….
Curiosity. Humans are curious. We questions a lot. We
are the ones who challenges the status of existing rules
and strive to build / produce something better. Such
curiosity & efforts have promised us a life where
electronic devices & machines will probably become our
best friend.Yes, its correct the vision to make machines
smart enough to reduce human labour to almost nil. The
idea of inter-connected devices where the devices are
smart enough to share information with us, to cloud
based applications and to each other (device to device).
12. Quick Look:
What Is Web?????
A network of fine threads constructed by a spider
from fluid secreted by its spinnerets, used to catch its
prey.
A complex system of interconnected elements.
In terms Of Internet Web is…….
Web pages are formatted in a language called
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). ... The Web uses
HTTP protocol to transmit data and share information.
Browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or
Mozilla Firefox are used to access Web documents,
or Web pages, which are connected via links.
14. India in 2021..
Immense Opportunities to explore new services and business models…
Source: Statista and Frost & Sullivan
Mobile
Internet Users
Social
Network Users
Pay TV
Subscribers
DTH Subscribers
Online
Video Viewers
IoT devices
Mobile Gamers
Internet Users
Online Video
Subscribers
Smartphones
15. Advanced Technologies Adoption to Address Challenges…
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Self
Organising
Networks
Software
Defined
Networks
(SDN)
Artificial
Intelligence
and Machine
Learning
Robotic
Process
Automation
Enable planning,
configuration, management,
optimization and self-
healing of mobile radio
access networks.
Network Function
Virtualisation (NVF)
Cloud Native
Business
Intelligence to
Artificial Intelligence
Automate non-
critical applications
and services
18. The next step in internet evolution
Source: Alcatel-Lucent
Pre-
internet
Internet of
CONTENT
Internet of
SERVICES
Internet of
PEOPLE
Internet of
THINGS
+ IP
networks
+ IT platforms
& services
+ devices
& apps
+ sensors,
more devices
& tags,
big data
“SOCIAL
MEDIA”
“WEB 2.0”
“WWW”
“HUMAN
TO
HUMAN”
• Fixed &
mobile
telephony
• SMS
• e-mail
• Information
• Entertainment
• …
• e-productivity
• e-commerce
• …
• Skype
• Facebook
• YouTube
• …
• Identification, tracking,
monitoring, metering, …
• Automation, actuation,
payment, …
• …
“MACHINE
TO
MACHINE”
+ ambient
context,
data
semantics
The Internet gave us the opportunity to connect in ways we could never have dreamed possible.
The Internet of Things will take us beyond connection to become part of a living, moving, global nervous system
20. Questions of interest
20
What is a CPS?
What are the security issues in CPS and how do they differ
from those in traditional information systems?
To what extent can a CPS be secured against cyber crime?
Are CPS/IOT/IIoT/Industry4.0/Digital Twin Same?
21. CPS
Cyber-Physical Systems comprise smart machines,
storage systems and production facilities capable of
autonomously exchanging information, triggering
actions and controlling each other independently. This
facilitates fundamental improvements to the industrial
processes involved in manufacturing, engineering,
material usage and supply chain and life cycle
management.
22. CPS
CPS is related to other popular terms including the Internet
of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0 or the Industrial Internet of
Things, but the term “CPS” is more foundational and
durable than all of these, because it does not directly
reference either implementation approaches (e.g.,
“Internet” in IoT) nor particular applications (e.g.,
“Industry” in Industry 4.0). It focuses instead of the
fundamental intellectual problem of conjoining the
engineering traditions of the cyber and phys-ical worlds
23. Cyber Physical Systems
A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of collaborating computational
elements controlling physical entities. CPS are physical and engineered systems
whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a
computing and communication core. They allow us to add capabilities to physical
systems by merging computing and communication with physical processes.
24. CPS
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of
computation, networking, and physical processes.
Embedded computers and networks monitor and control
the physical processes, with feedback loops where
physical processes affect computations and vice versa.
The economic and societal potential of such systems is
vastly greater than what has been realized, and major
investments are being made worldwide to develop the
technology.
25. CPS
CPS integrates the dynamics of the physical processes
with those of the software and networking, providing
abstractions and modeling, design, and analysis
techniques for the integrated whole.
26. Computing Evolution
• Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s)
• Large computers to execute big data processing applications
• Desktop computing & Internet (80’s-90’s)
• One computer at every desk to do business/ personal activities
• Ubiquitous computing (00’s)
• Numerous computing devices in every place/ person
• “Invisible” part of the environment
• Millions for desktops vs. billions for embedded processors
• Cyber Physical Systems (10’s)
27. Biological Evolution
TOO SLOW!
The exponential proliferation of embedded devices (afforded by Moore’s
Law) is not matched by a corresponding increase in human ability to
consume information!
Increasing autonomy (human out of the loop)
28. What are Cyber-Physical Systems?
• Cyber – computation, communication, and control that
are discrete, logical, and switched
• Physical – natural and human-made systems governed
by the laws of physics and operating in continuous
time
• Cyber-Physical Systems – systems in which the cyber
and physical systems are tightly integrated at all
scales and levels
“CPS will transform how we interact with the physical world
just like the Internet transformed how we interact with one
another.”
33. What are Cyber-Physical Systems?
)
• Cyber-physical systems (CPSs
are physical and engineered
systems whose operations are
monitored, coordinated,
controlled and integrated by a
computing and communication
core.
• Convergence of
communication,
and control
computation,
information,
34. Why Cyber-Physical Systems?
• CPS allow us to add capabilities to physical systems
• By merging computing and communication with physical processes,
CPS brings many benefits:
• Safer and more efficient systems
• Reduce the cost of building and operating systems
• Build complex systems that provide new capabilities
• Technological and Economic Drivers
• The decreasing cost of computation, networking, and sensing
• Computers and communication are ubiquitous, enables national or global
scale CPSs
• Social and economic forces require more efficient use of national
infrastructure.
35. Characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems
• Some defining characteristics:
• Cyber – physical coupling driven by new demands and applications
• Cyber capability in every physical component
• Large scale wired and wireless networking
• Networked at multiple and extreme scales
• Systems of systems
• New spatial-temporal constraints
• Complex at multiple temporal and spatial scales
• Dynamically reorganizing/reconfiguring
• Unconventional computational and physical substrates (Bio? Nano?)
• Novel interactions between communications/computing/control
• High degrees of automation, control loops must close at all scales
• Large numbers of non-technical savvy users in the control loop
• Ubiquity drives unprecedented security and privacy needs
• Operation must be dependable, certified in some cases
36. Characteristics Cyber-Physical Systems
• What they are not:
• Not desktop computing
• Not traditional, post-hoc embedded/real-time systems
• Not today’s sensor nets
• Goals of a CPS research program
• A new science for future engineered and monitored/controlled
physical systems (10-20 year perspective)
• Physical and cyber (computing, communication, control) design that
is deeply integrated
38. Why CPS is Significant?
• Building systems that integrate computational and physical objects requires new
systems science foundations.
• Fusion of physical and computational sciences
• Expected share of value of embedded computing components in the next five years:
• Automotive and airspace systems 30-40%
• Health/Medical equipment 33%
• Industrial automation 22%
• Telecommunications 37%
• Consumer electronics and Intelligent Homes41%
• CPS are the basic engine of innovation for a broad range of industrial sectors.
• This is the technology that transforms products, creates new markets and disrupts
the status-quo.
41. An industry is a group of companies that are related
based on their primary business activities. In modern
economies, there are dozens of industry
classifications, which are typically grouped into larger
categories called sectors.
48. 4th Industrial Revolutions
The term Industry 4.0 was first publicly introduced in 2011 as
“Industrie 4.0” by a group of representatives from different fields
(such as business, politics, and academia) under an initiative to
enhance the German competitiveness in the manufacturing
industry. The German federal government adopted the idea in its
High-Tech Strategy for 2020. Subsequently, a Working Group was
formed to further advise on the implementation of Industry 4.0.
49. From Germany to the World: Industry 4.0
IIoT by another name? That’s the essence of Industry 4.0. It
may be a measure of the importance and potential of the
new wave of technology revolutionizing manufacturing that it
has spawned so many initiatives. From Germany, a nation
with a nearly unmatched reputation in manufacturing, comes
Industry 4.0.
51. Did not exist in 2006
• iPhone
• iPad
• Kindle
• 4G
• Uber
• Airbnb
• Android
► Android
► Instagram
► Snapchat
► Whatsapp
52. Time to reach 100 Million customers
• Telephone 75 Years
• Web 7 Years
• Facebook 4 Years
• Instagram 2 Years
53. The term Industry 4.0 refers to the combination of
several major innovations in digital technology, all
coming to maturity right now, all poised to transform the
energy and manufacturing sectors.
54. These technologies include advanced robotics and artificial
intelligence; sophisticated sensors; cloud computing; the Internet
of Things; data capture and analytics; digital fabrication
(including 3D printing); software-as-a-service and other new
marketing models; smartphones and other mobile devices.
55. CPS Description & Classification
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are designated as essential com-
ponents of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and they
are supposed to play a key role in Industry v4.0. CPS enables
smart applications and services to operate accurately and in
real-time. They are based on the integration of cyber and
physical systems, which exchange various types of data and
sensitive information in a real-time manner. The development
of CPS is being carried out by researchers and manufacturers
alike . Given that CPS and Industry v4.0 offer a significant
economic potential , the German gross value will be boosted
by a cumulative of 267 billion Euros by 2025 upon the
introduction of CPS into Industry v4.0.
58. • First mentioned in 1999 by the MIT Auto-ID Center.
• IoT meant to “create a universal environment in which
computers understand the world without human
intervention.”
• IoT was simply the tool that would be used to merge the
worlds of bits and atoms.
• Over 15 years after its inception, IoT is now seen as a
modern, fresh concept in our connected world…with
many different definitions.
59. IoT Overview
IoT Definition
Note1 - Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and
communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all
kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are
fulfilled.
Note 2 – From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with
technological and societal implications.
59
A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by
interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving
interoperable information and communication technologies
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
65. What exactly::::::::IoT or IIoT
Formula:
IoT=IT+OT=IIoT
As the infrastructure around the world becomes
more connected via sensors, machine learning, and
analytics, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has
the potential to significantly impact businesses
worldwide.
65
68. Interoperability Information transparency
Technical assistance Decentralized decisions
Industry 4.0
Design Principles
Internet of Things (IoT)
Internet of People (IoP)
Digital plant models
virtual copy of the physical world
The ability of cyber physical systems to
physically support humans by conducting
a range of tasks.
The ability of cyber physical systems to
make decisions on their own and to
perform their tasks as autonomous as
possible.
72. Moving From Factory To Smart Factory
With the advent of Industry 4.0,
manufacturing companies are going
through a fascinating era, where the
digital wave unbolted fresh paths for
enhancing the design process, improving
the manufacturing cycle, and provide
better service to end users.
73. Moving From Factory To Smart Factory
This smart factory ecosystem is growing
continually and provide new possibilities to
improve the metrics and enhance operational
efficiency of products that are already in use.
Not limited to the product manufacturing
companies, every industry has started
adapting to digital systems to ensure upsurge
in revenue.
74. Enabler Technologies in CPS/IIoT
• Big Data
• Cloud Computing
• SDN
• Connectivity Communication Technologies
77. Big Data Is..
It is all about better Analytic on a broader
spectrum of data, and therefore
represents an opportunity to create even
more differentiation among industry
Big Data are “data sets that are so big
they cannot be handled efficiently by
common database management systems
78. Data Measures
Large – 1000 MB (1 gigabyte or GB) The Large bucket
offers 1 gigabyte and means not really having to
worry about mobile data. With four devices under a
plan, each can use 250 MB. That means 713 emails a
piece, 250 minutes of streaming music each or more
than 1390 web pages.
78
80. Where Is This “Big Data” Coming From ?
12+ TBs
of tweet data
every day
25+ TBs
of
log data
every
?
TBs
of
data
every
day
30 billion RFID
tags today
(1.3B in 2005)
4.6
billion
camera
phones
world
wide
100s of
millions
of GPS
enabled
devices
sold
annually
76 million
smart meters
in 2009…
200M by 2015
81. Few facts
The New York Stock Exchange generates about one
terabyte of new trade data per day.
81
82. Few facts
Statistic shows that 500+terabytes of new data gets
ingested into the databases of social media
site Facebook, every day. This data is mainly
generated in terms of photo and video uploads,
message exchanges, putting comments etc.
82
83. Few facts
Single Jet engine can generate 10+terabytes of data
in 30 minutes of a flight time. With many thousand
flights per day, generation of data reaches up to
many Petabytes.
83
84. Volume
of Tweets
create daily.
12+terabytes
Variety
of different
types of data.
100’s
Veracity
decision makers trust
their information.
Only 1 in 3
With Big Data, We’ve Moved into a New Era of
Analytics
trade events
per second.
5+million
Velocity
85. Types Of Big Data
Big data' could be found in three forms:
• Structured
• Unstructured
• Semi-structured
85
86. Big Data(4Vs Concepts)
86
"The goal is to turn data into information, and
information into insight.”
– Carly Fiorina, former chief executive of Hewlett-Packard Company.
87. Big Data Technologies
Cloud Computing Parallel Computing
NoSQL Databases
Machine Learning
Data Visualization
General Programming
88. Big Data Analytics For Industry 4.0
Source: ITU
88
• Descriptive Analysis
“What has happened?”
• Predictive Analysis
“ What could happen?”
• Prescriptive Analysis
“What should we do?”
94. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Resource layer. This layer belongs to the provider domain,
encompassing manufacturing resources for the complete
product lifecycle from different geographically distributed
providers.
• Perception layer. This layer is responsible for intelligently
sensing manufac- turing resources using IoT technologies,
enabling them to be connected to the cloud manufacturing
platform so as to achieve communication and interactions
between a cloud platform and real resources involved such as
remote moni- toring, prognosis, and control
95. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Virtualisation layer. This layer is responsible for virtualising
manufacturing resources and capabilities and encapsulating
them into manufacturing cloud services that can be accessed,
invoked, and deployed by using virtualisation technologies,
service-oriented technologies, and cloud computing
technologies. The manufacturing cloud services are classified
and aggregated according to specific rules and algorithms,
and different kinds of manufacturing clouds can thus be
constructed.
96. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Cloud service layer (i.e. core middleware). This layer devotes
to system, service, resource, and task management, and also
supports various service activities and applications such as
service description, registration, publication, composition,
monitoring, scheduling, and charging.
97. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Application layer. Depending on providers and their offered
manufacturing cloud services, dedicated manufacturing
application systems such as collabo- rative design,
collaborative manufacturing, collaborative simulation, and
col- laborative supply chain can be aggregated. Consumers
can browse and access these application systems for manual
or automatic service configurations. A manufacturing
resource provider provides consumers with the ability to
select from different possible part properties and
predetermined manufacturing con- straints (sizes, materials,
tolerances, etc.).
98. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Interface layer. As the name implies, this layer serves as
an interface between consumers and the cloud platform,
providing consumers with an interface for submitting
their requirements and browsing available services. The
interface supports manual selection and combination of
available services, as well as automatic cloud-generated
suggested solutions.
• Knowledge layer. This layer provides knowledge needed
in the different layers above for virtualisation and
encapsulation of resources, manufacturing domain
knowledge, process knowledge, etc.
99. What is CPS?(Cloud Manufacturing System)
• Security layer. This layer provides strategies,
mechanisms, functions and ar- chitecture for cloud
manufacturing system security .
• Communication layer. This layer provides a
communication environment for users, operations,
resources, services, etc. in the cloud manufacturing
system.
110. New Dimensions In visualization(AR)
Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience
of a real-world environment where the objects that
reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-
generated perceptual information, sometimes across
multiple sensory modalities,
including visual, auditory, haptic, etc
112. New Dimensions In visualization(VR)
Virtual reality(VR) is the term used to describe a
three-dimensional, computer generated
environment which can be explored and interacted
with by a person. That person becomes part of
this virtual world or is immersed within this
environment and whilst there, is able to manipulate
objects or perform a series of actions.
120. Connectivity in Industry 4.0
Source: ITU
120
• The Object Management Group’s (OMG) Data Distribution
Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS)
• OASIS’ Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP).
• MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT), a protocol originally
developed by IBM but now an OASIS standard.
• Representational State Transfer (REST), a common style of
using HTTP for Web-based applications and not a standard.
• Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), a software protocol
to be used in very simple electronics devices such as Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSN) that allows them to communicate
over the Internet.
128. 128
Software, the Great Enabler
• Good news: anything is possible in software!
• Bad news: anything is possible in software!
129. 129
Security Challenges in CPS
1
2
9
Despite their numerous advantages, CPS systems are
prone to various cyber and/or physical security threats,
attacks and challenges. This is due to their
heterogeneous nature, their reliance on private and
sensitive data, and their large scale deployment.
130. 130
Security Challenges in CPS
1
3
0
As such, intentional or accidental exposures of these
systems can re- sult into catastrophic effects, which
makes it critical to put in place robust security measures.
However, this could lead to unacceptable network
overhead, especially in terms of latency. Also, zero-day
vulnerabilities should be minimized with constant
software, appli- cations and operating system updates.
138. 138
Privacy is not Secrecy
Privacy is not Secrecy!
• Privacy: the ability to prevent unwanted transfer of information (via
inference or correlation) when legitimate transfers happen.
• But privacy is not secrecy!
• Privacy problem: disclosing data provides informational utility while
also enabling potential loss of privacy
– Every user is potentially an adversary
– Encryption is not a solution!
?= Eve
139. 139
Privacy versus Secrecy
Privacy vs. Secrecy!
• Privacy: the ability to prevent unwanted transfer of information (via
inference or correlation) when legitimate transfers happen.
• But privacy is not secrecy!
• Secrecy Problem: Protocols and primitives clearly distinguish a
malicious adversary vs. intended user and secret vs. non-secret
data.
– Encryption may be a solution.
140. 140
CPS Vulnerability
Are your energy, healthcare, water, shipping,
transportation systems vulnerable to network attacks?
What, if any, are the vulnerabilities in such systems?
When exploited, how might such vulnerabilities affect
people?
141. 141
CPS Control systems
Are the control systems in your large and critical CPSs
systems robust enough to withstand deception
attacks?
Are these control systems programmed to
withstand denial of service attacks?
142. 142
Surviving from Physical attacks
• What happens if we lose part, or even most
of the computing systems?
• Will redundancy alone solve the problem?
• How to measure and quantify of resilience
of current systems?
• How to ensure high availability of CPS?
143. 143
Defending Against Device Capture Attack
• Physical devices in CPS systems may be
captured, compromised and released back by
adversaries.
• How to identify and ameliorate the system
damage with trusted hardware but potentially
untrusted/modified software?
143
144. 144
Real-Time Security in CPS
• CPS often requires real-time responses to
physical processes
• Little Study on how attacks affect the real-
time properties of CPS
• How to guarantee real-time requirements
under attack?
145. 145
Concurrency in CPS
• CPS is concurrent in nature, running
both cyber and physical processes
• Little research on handling large-
scale concurrent systems
146. 146
Collaboration and Isolation
• CPS needs to effectively isolate attackers while
maintaining collaborations among different,
distributed system components
• How to avoid cascading failures while
minimizing system performance degradation?
150. 150
Safety and security in IoT
1
5
0
The intimate relationship between security and safety
concerns in OT environments cannot be understated.
Recall, in contrast, that IT security experts will reference
the traditional confidentiality, integrity, and availability
(CIA) model of threats. The goal of IT security thus
becomes putting functional or procedural controls in place
that will cost-effectively reduce the CIA-type risks to data
assets.
151. 151
Safety and security in IoT
1
5
1
OT experts have a different set of objectives in mind.
Obviously, they must deal with the goal of preventing
information leaks, malware infections, and availability
attacks; but their primary mission emphasis is on
safety. That is, to an OT security professional, the
most critical objectives involve assurance of safe,
sound operation of OT infrastructure in a manner that
avoids human casualties and lost production for
large, costly physical assets.
162. 162
Technology In Disaster Management
The CEO of the technology company, Jordi Casamada,
assures that with this solution could have avoided the
confinement in which many countries around the world
are immersed: “With our wristband, if someone
tested positive from Covid-19 we can isolate
efficiently only those who have had contact with
him and who may therefore be infected. This
wristband would act as a firewall.”
164. 164
Technology In Disaster Management
It is a wristband that works through Bluetooth technology and
that detects other wristbands like it, which are at a maximum
distance of 6 feet or 2 meters. The wristband makes contact
tracing: it registers the people it has had contact with over the
last 15 or 30 days, and when one of them has symptoms of
Covid-19 it is automatically sent to the medical center. This
information is evaluated and all the contacts of the last few
weeks are quarantined.
165. 165
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
Prior to the crisis, Industry 4.0 was an area of great
interest to many manufacturers.
It was an exciting topic with huge potential benefits
and was widely regarded as a ‘positive’ and future
thinking topic.
Today, many of us are focused on the here and
now. Our health and that of our family, friends and
colleagues; the ability to access the food and
supplies we need; our job security; the financial
impact on our employers, clients and partners.
166. 166
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
Prior to the crisis, Industry 4.0 was an area of great
interest to many manufacturers. It was an exciting topic
with huge potential benefits and was widely regarded
as a ‘positive’ and future thinking topic.
Today, many of us are focused on the here and now.
Our health and that of our family, friends and
colleagues; the ability to access the food and supplies
we need; our job security; the financial impact on our
employers, clients and partners.
167. 167
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
Beyond that we also have to consider the wider
economic impact and the unknown amount of time it
will take for things to return to some level of normality.
The business drivers of Industry 4.0 pre-crisis were
focused on competitive advantage, cost reduction,
productivity, sustainability and innovation. The goal was
to make well run businesses run better.
168. 168
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
The priorities for most manufacturers today fall into
three distinct phases:
Phase 1 – Survival
Phase 2 – Recovery
Phase 3 – Business as Usual in the new post-crisis
paradigm.
169. 169
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
The priorities for most manufacturers today fall into
three distinct phases:
Phase 1 – Survival
Phase 2 – Recovery
Phase 3 – Business as Usual in the new post-crisis
paradigm.
170. 170
Impact Of Covid 19 on Industry 4.0
The goal for all manufacturers will be to get to Phase
3 as soon as possible and at the lowest cost.
In defining the operating model for Phase 3 they will
factor in lessons learned from the crisis and try to build
a more resilient and agile business.
171. 171
The role of Industry 4.0 in the future
Will Help to make sure that more companies
survive.
Shorten the recovery phase and help return
businesses to normal operations as soon as possible
Provide the platform to develop new, more resilient
businesses in the medium to long term
172. 172
The role of Industry 4.0 in the future
Industry 4.0 can achieve this because many of the
capabilities it offers could have greatly reduced the
impact of this crisis on us all.
173. 173
The role of Industry 4.0 in the future
Real-time visibility into the availability of raw
materials, finished goods, WIP, people and assets
Use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to
constantly reassess and re-plan activities
Robotic process automation (RPA) to support non-
value add labour intensive activities
The use of mobile technology and augmented / virtual
reality to enable workers to perform tasks they were not
trained for more easily. This could have assisted with
skills shortages due to self-isolation or repurposing of
manufacturing
174. 174
The role of Industry 4.0 in the future
The same technologies together with digital twins and
remote support from OEM’s would improve availability
of assets
The same technologies could also have enabled
more remote and virtual working to help with the issue
of lockdown and social distancing
3D printing of spare parts that were stuck in the
supply chain
175. 175
It is undeniable that the success or failure of telecoms
depends on their adoption rate of Disrutive technology. In
2020, telecoms can attain a competitive edge, flexibility,
agility, and capacity to capture more opportunities by
adopting telecom trends. Companies can address antitrust
issues by adopting AI to enhance data security.
Conclution
Slide courtesy of Evanhoe and Associates
176. 176
• The Advanced technologies have been around for a long
time.
• Advances in communication and connectivity are allowing
the “interconnectedness” needed for IoT/IIoT
• The value is in the data not the connections
• The data allows you to make autonomous decision based
on business rules closer to the edge
It’s all about the data!
Slide courtesy of Evanhoe and Associates
177. 177
“Overall, COVID-19 will increase the rate of digital
transformation,the virtualization of trials and direct
patient interaction(Telemedicine) will become much
more commonplace; sponsors and site staff will have
access to even more metrics and data remotely than
available previously.”
Final Thoughts
178. 178
•Need to develop technologies guided by policies to
address security and privacy issues throughout the
lifecycle of the data.
•Need to understand not only the impact of AI & IoT
and its ubiquitous data collection, use and analysis,
also need to formulate appropriate laws and policies for
such activities.
Final Thoughts
181. 181
18
1
1/7/2023 Course Name / Topic Name
18
1
1/7/2023 Course Name / Topic Name
18
1
1/7/2023
Society In the Era of AI
.
182. 182
What Next……….
Technologies Always Demand Next…….
What Next.....???????
(Big Data/Machine Learning/Deep
Learning/Robotics/AI)
Where We are Moving…………
Society 5.0
Humanity 2.0
Life 3.0
183. 183
When Covid 19 will End……….??????
Question in Everybody Mind……………….
