Political and civil society history of Nepal

1. MAINS Tutorial - Country
presentation
-by Nilima Raut

3. Anglo- Nepalese War (1814-16)

5.  Total Population: 29,959,364
 Natural Increase: 1.8%
 Density: 209 Inhabitants/km²
 Urban Population: 18.2%
 Ethnic Origins: Chhettri 15.5%,
Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu
6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%,
Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%,
other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8%.
 Official Language: Nepali
 Other Languages Spoken: Maithali,
Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Newar, Magar,
Awadhi, Many other local languages.
 Business Language(s): English
 Religion: Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%,
Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, Others 0.9%.
 Literacy Rate: 48.6%

6.  ca. 563 B.C.Buddha born in Lumbini;
 1743 to 1775 King Prithvi Narayan Shah and united Nepal
 1814-1816The Anglo-Nepalese War and the resulting Treaty
of Sagauli reduces the territory of Nepal.
 1846Jang Bahadur Rana takes over as prime minister and
establishes hereditary Rana rule.

7.  1946 The Nepali Congress Party is founded.
1947 The United States establishes
diplomatic relations with Nepal.
 Embassies of USSR (1958) and United States
(1959)
 1948The country's first constitution, the
Government of Nepal Act
 1951 King Tribhuvan is restored to the
throne;
 1955 after king Tribhuvan Mahendra takes
over direct control , Nepal joins the United
Nations; National Police Force is formed;

8.  Mahendra was made a
British Field Marshal in
1960. He implemented a
land reform policy, which
provided land to many
landless people.
Mahendra died with a heart
attack while hunting in
Chitwan with Tiger Tops
Hotel. It is believed that his
death was a conspiracy of
CIA as John Coapman who
was also proprietor
of Chitwan with Tiger Tops
Hotel was associated with
the CIA at the time, who
reported in 1977 that
Mahendra died in his arms
after eating dinner "on
shikar"

9.  The 1990 People's Movement – 1
 (Jana Andolan)) was a multiparty
movement in Nepal that brought
an end to absolute monarchy and
the beginning of constitutional
democracy. It also eliminated the
Panchayat system.
 1990–1996: Parliamentary
monarchy
King Birendra, in 1990, agreed to
large-scale political reforms by
creating a parliamentary
monarchy with the king as the
head of state and a prime
minister as the head of the
government.

10.  1996: Maoist insurgency ( to 2006)
 In February 1996, the Communist Party of
Nepal (Maoist) began a violent insurgency in
more than 50 of the country's 75 districts.
About 13,000 police, civilians, and insurgents
had been killed in the conflict since 1996.

12. 2001: Royal massacre – a dark history of
nepal
The killing of Royal family

13.  People movement -2
The 2006 Democracy Movement (Nepali: Loktantrik Āndolan) is a name
given to the political agitations against the direct and undemocratic rule
of King Gyanendra.

15.  2005–2007: Suspension of parliament and
Loktantra Andolan
 On 1 February 2005 King Gyanendra suspended
the Parliament, appointed a government led by
himself, and enforced martial law.
 December 2007 to May 2008: Abolition of the
monarchy
 On 23 December 2007, an agreement was made
for the monarchy to be abolished and the country
to become a federal republic with the Prime
Minister becoming head of state.

16.  Gyanendra Shah (born 7 July 1947) is the
deposed King of Nepal. During his life, he has
held the title of the King twice: first between
1950 and 1951 as a child when his grandfather
Tribhuvan was forced into exile in India with the
rest of his family; and from 2001 to 2008,
following the Nepalese royal massacre.

17.  Party Seats
 Nepali Congress 133,
 Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 84
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-
Leninist) 83
 Rashtriya Prajatantra Party 9
 Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandi Devi) 5
Janamorcha Nepal 4
 Nepal Workers Peasants Party 4
 Rashtriya Jana Morcha 3
 United Left Front 2
 Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) 2
 Rashtriya Janashakti Party 1

20.  Volunteer work
 Cash inflow from
charitable donations
 Institutionalization of
modern civil service
organizations
 USAID’s arrival 1951 and
development
 1948 , 1952, Swiss Government
 Registration of societies act 1959
 National coordination body for
NGOs 1977(Social Services
National Coordination Council
(SSNCC) in 1997)

21.  37 NGOs registration with SSNCC
 Between 1984 to 1987 foreign aid as a
percentage of GNP from under 8 percent to
almost 13 percent
 By 1990 there were 220 NGOs registered with
the SSNCC along with 52 international NGOs
(INGOs)
 In 1997, new legislation , NGOs were required
to renew their registration on an annual
basis, and provide activity reports and
audited financial reports. Social Welfare Act
2049 BS

22.  By 2000, $5.2 billion development
assistance- the highest per capita ratio of any
south Asian countries
 Over 11,000 NGOS had been registered by
2000
 30,000 NGOs by July 2010
 2011
Poverty headcount ratio
at national poverty line
(% of population)
25.2%

23.  Nepal is one of the 189 countries committed
to the MDGs
 Proportion of population living on less than
US$ 1 per day (PPP) (%) – 19.7 percent
 Net enrolment rate in primary education (%) -
93.7
 Future of NGOSs