1. CITIZENSHIP ARTICLE IV

2. Section 1 The following are citizens of the Philippines: Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

3. Section 1 Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

4. Meaning of citizenship and citizen Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society. Citizen is person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights. Alien is a citizen of a country who is residing in or passing through another country.

5. General ways of acquiring citizenship Voluntary method – naturalization, cessation, conquest or treaty. Involuntary method – by birth, place of birth, or by blood relationship.

6. Citizenship by Birth Jus Soli or loci – citizenship is determined by the place of birth Jus Sanguinis – citizenship is determined by blood relations

7. Naturalization The act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and giving him rights and privileges of citizenship.

8. Kinds of Citizen Natural-born are those who do not need to perform any act to acquire his Philippine citizenship. Naturalized are those who were originally citizens of another country, but who, by an intervening act, have acquired new citizenship in a different country.

10. Section 2 Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

11. Section 3 Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law. Section 4 Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

12. Section 5 Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

13. Important Terms Expatriation refers to the voluntary loss or renunciation of citizenship. Expatriate are those who voluntarily lost or renounced their citizenship. Repatriation is the reacquisition of one's nationality by taking the necessary of oath of allegiance.

14. Important Terms Dual allegiance refers the continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country even after acquiring Filipino citizenship. Dual citizenship refers to the possession of two citizenships by an individual.