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2.1a Emerging priorities for food security in Malawi
- 1. Emerging Priorities for Food Security in Malawi Yanira Ntupanyama, (Chief Director MoAIWD) Regional NAP Expo & CBA Conference, Lilongwe, Malawi 1
- 2. Outline • Malawi’s Food Security Vision • Background-Agriculture in Malawi • How Climate change Impacts Agriculture and Food Security • Food Security, Climate and the SDG’s • Some Emerging Priorities for Food Security • Good Practices • Good Practice implemented in Malawi 2
- 3. Malawi’s Food Security Vision • Agriculture remains the mainstay of Malawi’s economy, • Malawi’s Vision: “To achieve sustainable agricultural transformation that will result in significant growth of the agricultural sector, expanding incomes for farm households, improved food and nutrition security for all Malawians, and increased agricultural exports(NAP) 1 • Malawi’s Food security is underpinned by key food systems influenced by climate change. Production Transformation Consumption 3
- 4. Background: Agriculture in Malawi -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 AnnualGrowthRate(%) Agriculture value added annual growth rates in Malawi (1968-2013) Ag GDP Growth CADDP growth traget Zero growth Post independence structuralist SAPs & Universal fertilizer credit Universal Starter Pack, TIP FISP • Volatile agricultural value added growth. • Average growth rate over the period (1968- 13) is 4.3% per year, 3.5% in past decade (2003-13). • CAADP target of 6% --not consistently achieved, despite ≥ 10% budget. Major programs • Credit program with a universal fertilizer subsidy -1980’s. • Universal Starter Pack 1998-2000 (2.8 m farmers). • Targeted Input Program (TIP) 2001-05 • Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) 2005/06-present (1.5 m farmers). 4
- 5. 5 How Climate Change Impacts Food Security:Drought/Floods Impact Pathway Drought Land degradation Low livestock productivity Low crop yields Food price increase Reduced income Reduced income Food insecurity and vulnerability Sale of livestock (coping) Floods Reduced assets Water pollution/ Water shortage
- 6. Food Security, Climate and the SDG’s • Agriculture Production is anchored by global ,regional, and national policies eg SDGs, CAADP,MGDS • Malawi needs better coordination across sectors and among stakeholders with the objective to achieve SDGs and improve Food security 6
- 7. Some Emerging Priorities for Food Security •Lobbying with Minister of Finance - budget allocation •Timely Strategic Grain Reserve funding •Urbanization and rural transformation Government and Donor Investment and Support •Climate information •Mitigating the effects of droughts •Mitigating Floods Early Warning Systems • Increased efficiencies in government programmes • Ensuring that the sector polices, strategies, and investment plan are effectively implemented (National Agriculture Policy, National Irrigation Policy, National Agricultural Investment Plan, etc) • The National Resilience Plan (under DODMA) also needs to be fully implemented • Agriculture Resilience to Climate Shocks • Crop Diversification Effective and Efficient Program Implementation • Ensuring Strategic Food Reserves are well stocked and maintained • Reduce farmer’s exposure to climate change, by creating incentives to diversify agricultural practices and production • Introduce/enhance reliable markets Market Development 7
- 8. Good Practices • Agro-ecological Intensification (AEI) practices: o Agro-forestry/ Ecosystem Based Approach o Use of organic manure(OM) o Crop diversification o Livestock diversification o Sustainable Land Management o Land Forestry restoration • Private sector blending of fertilizer for specific crops and areas • Agro Processing-value addition • Enhance market access • Improve efficiency with the inputs systems • Seed regulatory system • Fertilizer regulatory systems • Improve resilience o Irrigation o Climate Smart Agriculture o Water harvesting o Community Vitalization and Afforestation in Middle Shire (COVAMS) • Pest and Disease Management 8
- 9. Good Practice Study in Malawi • Strengthening Malawi’s Strategic Grain Reserve • Malawi established strategic grain reserves as a tool negating effects of CC. The advantage of having adequate ready stocks are: o Quick humanitarian response o Reasonable forex is saved o Limit introduction of foreign pest and diseases o Timely planning o An insurance against current and future food challenges • Challenges (Maintenance) • Proposed Project for Grain Reserves o Rehabilitation of concrete o Rehabilitation of metal silos-. o Rehabilitation of warehouses- o Construction of a new storage facilities - strategic places. 9
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Hinweis der Redaktion
- In this presentation we apprecitiate the Emerging Priorities for food security in Malawi
- Through our vision Historic background –don’t worry I am going to provide a graphical analysis of the technologies we have tested what we think could be the underlying problem
- contributing significantly to employment, economic growth, export earnings, poverty reduction, food security, and nutrition.or A nation that enjoys food security and sustainable agricultural growth and development.” Food Security: [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. Food Systems: in simple terms, a food system is the path that food travels from field to family meals. It is a complex network involved in producing food, transforming it, and ensuring it reaches people. A food system includes the farmers growing maize, along with the traders, transporters, millers and finally the consumers.
- Malawi’s agriculture is characterized by volatile growth—mainly due to dependence on rain that makes the sector vulnerable to weather and climate shocks (one rain fall season) Agriculture policies and programs centered around maize, e.g. FISP, maize export bans, mandated maize price setting, banning of selling green maize, etc The orange line indicates the agreed growth target which Malawi has not been able to reach in most season Growth is usually below the orange line Production shocks/zero or –ve growth in 14 of the years since 1968: (1970, 73, 81, 85, 90, 92, 94, 01, 04/05, 08, 10, 12 and 14) From: http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/fertilizeruse/documentspdf/MalawiSP.pdf Fertilizer Toolkit: Promoting Efficient and Sustainable Fertilizer Use in Africa: Jump-Starting Maize Production in Malawi through Universal Starter Packs After independence there was Interventionist & nationalistic policies – ADMARC & MDC; State coordinated involvement (technology – extension – farmer club credit - marketing) Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) In the 1980’s there was a universal fertilizer subsidy through subsidized credit. The subsidy program was complemented by a draconian credit recovery effort, which collapsed in the wake of a disastrous drought in 1994 and a new political climate. Malawi Universal Starter Pack Program started in 1998/99 involving giving 2.8 million farmers starter packs of 2.5 kgs of seed and fertilizer adequate for 0.1ha of land. The Starter Pack, as originally designed, was seen as part of a process through which all smallholders could diversify their livelihoods and move from subsistence agriculture into commercially viable production -not necessarily in agriculture. The major constraint in achieving this was persistent and widespread food insecurity, which forced many of the poor into distress sales of food and other assets, took them off their farms at critical times of the year, and was driving the price of food higher year by year. Targeted Inputs Program (TIP) began in 2001--to provide a safety net for the poorest rural households. It did not work. Review of the program led to designing a starter pack to be implemented alongside a comprehensive but enhanced exercise to improve market access to smallholders, and farmers will be empowered to make informed choices on the most appropriate inputs for their needs???? Levy, S., ed. 2005. Starter Packs: A Strategy to Fight Hunger in Developing Countries? Lessons from the Malawi Experience, 1998–2003, Wallingford: CABI. Argued that the scaling down of the starter pack programme to fewer nut more vulnerable beneficiaries through the TIP contributed to the 2001/02 food crisis in Malawi.
- As a result Malawi has not achieved food security in years of drought or floods. For example, in 2016/17, about 6.7 million people (39% of the population) were estimated to be food insecure due to effects of El Nino that resulted in prolonged dry spells and floods in the 2015/16 growing season Over the past two decades, drought and flood events have increased in frequency, intensity, and magnitude with negative consequences for food and water security, as well as the sustainable livelihoods of rural people. Food insecurity has caused the government to equate food security to maize security
- Crucial to these goals is partnership for the goals important goals is 17 This will requires integration of different programs and partnership of stakeholders across agriculture or climate related sectors. Some of these sectors actors and stakeholders are Sector Stakeholder Policy Role Malawi Government Ministry Of Agriculture NAP Oversight, Coordination Meteological Services Meteology Policy (in the pipeline) Environment National Climate Policy National Climate Change Investment UN Organisations Disaster National Resilient Plan UNEP FAO NGO’s and Civil Society CISANET CISONET Lake Chirwa Basin/LEAD Research and Academic Institutions LUANAR DARS –Chitedze Bvumbwe Crop Resilience Innovation
- Target extension messages to specific populations and regions. Farmers have different incentives and face different challenges due to their location and socio-economic conditions. Tailoring extensions message for specific household needs or for regionally appropriate crop varietal choices can increase adoption rates. Modifying subsidy programmes. Input subsidy programmes can be modified and bundled with targeted extension messages to better respond to emerging weather threats. This may include spatial targeting of specific crop varieties to specific region and more support to the livestock sector. Develop a sound and robust market information system. Price information is necessary to: • Reinforce the spatial and temporal arbitrage capacity of producers and strengthen their bargaining power with potential buyers; • Support producers decisions concerning investments, marketing opportunities or storage decisions; • Systematically monitor and analyse the effects of market and price policies, contributing to the implementation of adequate price and market interventions that consider the effects on both consumers and producers as well as on export crop competitiveness. Target extension messages to specific populations and regions. Farmers have different incentives and face different challenges due to their location and socio-economic conditions. Tailoring extensions message for specific household needs or for regionally appropriate crop varietal choices can increase adoption rates. Modifying subsidy programmes. Input subsidy programmes can be modified and bundled with targeted extension messages to better respond to emerging weather threats. This may include spatial targeting of specific crop varieties to specific region and more support to the livestock sector. Develop a sound and robust market information system. Price information is necessary to: • Reinforce the spatial and temporal arbitrage capacity of producers and strengthen their bargaining power with potential buyers; • Support producers decisions concerning investments, marketing opportunities or storage decisions; • Systematically monitor and analyse the effects of market and price policies, contributing to the implementation of adequate price and market interventions that consider the effects on both consumers and producers as well as on export crop competitiveness.
- by holding ready stocks for release to the food insecure. Rehabilitation of concrete silos- Euros 6 million: The works will include; water proofing, post tensioning, installation of stock management system. Rehabilitation of metal silos- Euros 6.3 million: The works will include extending offloading bay, covering the catwalk, modifying metal wall and roof overhang, lower roof connection and replacing discharge auger. Rehabilitation of warehouses- Euros 7.5 million: The works will include removing old roof and replacing with new one, waterproofing and painting Construction of a new storage facilities?? In strategic places.