includes introduction and beneficial effects related to probiotics.

1. Role In Human Body
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PROBIOTICS

2. PRESENTATION BY
NAJJA TARIQ
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3. Introduction
 Term probiotic comes from Latin or Greek
 pro, “before, forward”, and
 bios, or “life”.
 Probiotics are
 “Live microbial feed supplements that have
beneficial effects on the host by improving its
intestinal microbial balance”.
 World Health Organization:
 “live microorganisms which when
administered in adequate amounts confer a
health benefit on the host”.
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4. Cont…
 Isolated from human and animal intestinal
tracts
 Dead bacteria, products derived from
bacteria, or end products of bacterial
growth -not probiotics
 Native bacteria-not probiotics, until
isolated, purified, and proved to have a
health benefit
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5. 5/7/2016 5

6. Role of Probiotics in Human Body
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Impact on colonizing microbiota
Impact on human health and disease

7. Impact on colonizing microbiota
 Increase in the populations of the genus of
the fed probiotic strain
 Potentially change the overall intestinal
microbiota composition and increasing
healthy strains growth
 Prevent pathogenic bacterial overgrowth
 Colonize the gut walls, assist in their
functions and protect them from enemies
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8. Impact on human health and
disease
 Lactose Intolerance
 Bowel Transit
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
 Gastrointestinal Infections
 Prevention of Systemic Infections
 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
 Allergy
 Vaginal Infection
 Colon Cancer
 Vitamin production
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9. Lactose Intolerance
 Lactose can’t be digested
 Results in abdominal bloating, pain,
flatulence, and diarrhea
 Starter cultures bacteria in yogurt
(Streptococcus thermophilus and
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
bulgaricus) also produce lactase
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10. Bowel Transit
 Time taken by food to travel from the
mouth to the anus
 One to three servings of fermented milk
containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-
173 010 prevent constipation
 L. rhamnosus Lcr35 improved symptoms
of constipation in children
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11. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
 Abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence
 Results from fermentations taking place in
the colon that may or may not generate
gas
 Effective in IBS-either Bifidobacterium
infantis 35624 or
 A strain mixture
 (L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705,
Bifidobacterium breve Bb99, and
Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp.
shermanii JS)
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12. Gastrointestinal Infections
 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
 Imbalance in the colonic microbiota caused
by antibiotic therapy
 L. rhamnosus GG and S. cerevisiae (boulardii)
Lyo, to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea
 Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei
DN-114 001, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus,
and S. thermophilus decrease the incidence
of C. difficile-associated diarrhea
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13. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Disease Antibiotic treatment
Diarrhea Disturbance of
intestinal microbiota
Clostridium difficile overgrowth
produces toxin
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14. Prevention of Systemic Infections
 Infections due to bacterial translocation in
people
 undergone surgical procedures or
 seriously ill with severe acute pancreatitis,
advanced liver cirrhosis, or multisystem organ
failure
 Severe acute pancreatitis treatment with
L. plantarum 299V
 Liver transplant patients received a
synbiotic preparation (mixture of pro- and
pre-biotics)
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15. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
 Includes Ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and
Crohn’s disease
 Results from abnormal activation of the
mucosal immune system against the gut
microbiota
 Causes abnormal inflammatory response
that in turn causes ulcers in the gut that
fail to heal, leading to chronic intestinal
disease
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16. Cont…
 Standard treatment for remission in
patients with ulcerative colitis-oral
preparation of Escherichia coli vs
masalazine
 The VSL#3 probiotic mixture proved
highly effective for maintaining remission
of chronic IBD
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17. Allergy
 Genetic hypersensitivity
 Caused by imbalanced immune responses to
environmental and harmless antigens
(allergens)
 Combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and
L. reuteri DSM 122460 beneficial in Atopic
Dermatitis
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18. Vaginal Infection
 Caused by fecal microbes ascending into
the vaginal tract and
 Displacing the normal lactobacilli
microbiota
 L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus normalize
vaginal pH and re-balance vaginal flora
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19. Colon Cancer
 Probiotics effective in colon cancer
prevention
 Some Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
strains, or
 The combination of prebiotics and
probiotics
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20. Cont…
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Decrease blood cholesterol level
Produce vitamin K, folic acid and vitamin B12

21. Mechanism of Action
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Structural Function
Protective Function
Regulation of the Immune
Systems
Metabolic functions

22. Protective Function
 Competitive inhibition
 Compete for nutrition and space and
receptor sites
 Kill the other microbes
 directly by releasing antigens or
 Indirectly by stimulation of the human immune
system
 Displace or prevent the other microbes
from adhering to the GIT mucosa
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23. Stabilization of Gut Mucosal
Barrier
 Probiotics stabilize it by
 Inhibiting damage to intestinal cell
junctions
 Improving cell growth and survival
 Promoting tissue repair
 Decreasing bacterial adhesion
 Secreting repair factors and nutrients
(e.g., short-chain fatty acids,
polyamines, and simmunoglobulin A
[IgA])
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24. Producing Antimicrobial
Substances
 Inhibiting pathogens such as Clostridium,
Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, etc.
 Organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid),
reduce pH of the intestinal contents
 Hydrogen peroxide, inhibits the growth of
both Gram-positive & negative bacteria
 carbon dioxide
 diacetyl
 bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like
substances
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25. Structural Function
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1
• Immune system development
2
• Reinforcing intestinal barrier
effects
3
• Enhancing intestinal cell health
and development

26. Regulation of the Immune
Systems
 Challenge the immune system in healthy way
 Stimulate natural and acquired immunity
 Impact infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune,
cancer & allergic disease, response to vaccines
 Modulate the functions of epithelial cells, phagocytes,
and natural-killers
 Enhance antibody responses to natural infections &
immunizations
 Induce cytokine production by a range of immune
cells
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27. Metabolic Function
 Aiding digestion and absorption of minerals,
especially calcium
 Producing organic acids
 Synthesis of vitamins
 Increasing mineral absorption
 Detoxifying carcinogens,
 Salvaging energy
 Decreases a variety of toxic or carcinogenic
metabolites
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28. Stimulation of Mucin Production
 Mucus acts as a barrier against invasion
by pathogens and toxins by acting as
 physical barrier
 housing antibodies that can bind
potentially harmful antigens
 releasing mucins into the intestinal tract
thereby removing bound pathogens from
the intestinal cells
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29. Antibiotics Vs Probiotics
 Antibiotics:
 Emergence of
antibiotic resistance
micro-organisms
 Unpleasant side
effects
 Probiotics:
 Non- invasive
 Preventive
 Free from undesirable
side effects
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30. Side effects
 Dangerous for weakened immune systems or
serious illnesses
 Rare cases cause bloating, diarrhea, abdominal
pain
 If in excess cause infection
 Cause potential health problems like skin rash,
fever, bloody stools etc.
 No evidence for probiotic supplements to replace
the body's natural flora (when killed off)
 Do not undergo the testing and approval process
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31. Probiotic strains
 Streptococcus
salivarius ssp.
thermophilus
 Lactococcus lactis ssp.
lactis
 Propionibacterium
freudenreichii
 Pediococcus acidilactici
 Saccharomyces
boulardii
 Lactobacillus
acidophilus
 Lactobacillus
Rhamnosus
 Lactobacillus plantarum
 Lactobacillus brevis
 Bifidobacterium
adolescentis
 Bifidobacterium bifidum
 Bifidobacterium breve
 Enterococcus faecium
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32. Dosage form
 Standard forms:
 Capsules
 Sticks
 Powder blends
 Chewable tablets
 liquid
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33. Criteria for Probiotics
 Exert a beneficial effect on the consumer
 Nonpathogenic, nontoxic, and free of
significant adverse side effects
 Retain stability during the intended shelf
life
 Adequate number of viable cells to confer
the health benefit
 Compatible with product format
 Labeled in a truthful and informative
manner
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34. Probiotic sources
 Ingesting uncooked
fruits, vegetables, and
dairy products
 Routinely eating some
live culture containing
foods such as yogurt,
kefir, or some
fermented foods
 Probiotic supplements
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35. Lactobacillus rhamnosus
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Saccharomyces boulardii

36. Thank You For Listening
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