seismic isolation passive-energy dissipation devices.

1. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN
HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Dr.Nagham Ali Hasan
3rd lecture
1st semester
2018-2019
1. seismic isolation
2. passive-energy
dissipation devices.

2.  In order to minimize seismic motion, damping walls
that absorb seismic energy are constructed within
the building. Damping structures can be divided into
the Active type, which uses energy such as
electricity and the Passive type, which uses physical
forces.
 Compared to earthquake resistant structure,
damping structure can reduce seismic intensity by
70-80%.

3. seismic isolation
 For example, the sliding-belt
isolation scheme ‫الزلزالي‬ ‫التصميم‬
was developed in Russia around
1975, with its first application in
Kyrgyzstan in 1982.
 The disengaging reserve
elements (DRE) ‫االحتياطية‬ ‫العناصر‬
‫المفككة‬were developed in Russia
in 1970 and first applied in 1972.
 The field of seismic design is a
subject that deals primarily with
life safety and uncertainty.

4. The building a massive and stiff construction would
make it earthquake resistant.
 The stiffness or rigidity of the structural elements
would lead eventually to a fragile and sudden failure.
 The increase of damping, redundancy of buildings,
ductility and seismic energy dissipation
‫زيادة‬‫التخميد‬،‫والتكرار‬‫والليونة‬‫والطاقة‬‫الزلزالية‬
were taken into consideration and well implemented
in seismic building codes.

6. Damping
Structure
In order to minimize seismic motion, damping walls that
absorb seismic energy are constructed within the building.
Damping structures can be divided into the Active type,
which uses energy such as electricity and the Passive type,
which uses physical forces.
Compared to earthquake resistant structure, damping
structure can reduce seismic intensity by 70-80%.
Seismic Isolation
Structure
Commonly used for high-rise buildings as part of their foundation, this
structure places quake-absorbing devices (isolators) such as
laminated rubber that blocks seismic motions from reaching the
building. Quake-absorbing devices include laminated rubber, lead,
springs, dampers, ball bearings, etc. Furthermore, newly-invented
construction methods use a combination of these materials.
Seismic isolation structure can reduce seismic intensity down
anywhere from ⅓ to ⅕ (less than half) when compared to earthquake
resistant structure.
Earthquake
Resistant Structure
Seismic resistance structure allows main building structures,
namely, posts, walls and floors, to absorb seismic motions.
Buildings can be divided into Rigid Structure (constructed
rigidly in order to prevent collapse) and Flexible Structure
(the main structural parts of which bow flexibly in order to
spread the force of seismic motions).

7. Earthquake resistant structure:
1. Seismic Resistance,
2. Vibration Control and
3. Base Isolation

9. SEISMIC ISOLATION
 the technology idea is
to detach the building
from the ground in
such a way that the
earthquake motions
are not transmitted up
through the building, or
are at least greatly
reduced. Seismic isolation is a relatively new
approach in building design and is
based on the idea that it’s more
efficient to reduce the seismic
demand on a building rather than
increasing its earthquake
resistance capacity.

10. The base isolation:
 increase the period of
vibration of a structure
(by increasing damping),
in order to reduce base
shear .
 These characteristics
provide a reduction of the
considered seismic design
forces, therefore inter
story drifts are limited and
the risk of damage in
structural and non
structural building
elements is minimized.

11. theoretically, there would be no distribution and no amplification of
seismic forces, and therefore no inter-story drifts, this leading to
almost zero structural and non structural damage. A parallel
between a usual building and a base isolated one can be seen in
Figure 3 and Figure 4.

12. The principle of seismic isolation
 is to introduce flexibility at the base of a structure
in the horizontal plane, while at the same time
introducing damping elements to restrict the
amplitude of the motion caused by the earthquake.

13. There are three basic elements in any
practical seismic isolation system. These
are as follows:
 • A flexible mounting so that the period of vibration of
the total system is lengthened sufficiently to reduce the
force response
 • A damper or energy dissipator so that the relative
deflections between building and ground can be
controlled to a practical design level
 • A means of providing rigidity under low (service) load
levels, such as wind and minor earthquakes
‫من‬ ‫للحد‬ ‫الكفاية‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫بما‬ ‫اإلجمالي‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫اهتزاز‬ ‫فتره‬ ‫تطول‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫مرن‬ ‫تصاعد‬‫استجابه‬‫القوه‬
•‫مستو‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫واألرض‬ ‫المبني‬ ‫بين‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫االنحرافات‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫بحيث‬ ‫الطاقة‬ ‫تبديد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المثبط‬‫العملي‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫ي‬
•‫انخفاض‬ ‫ظل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصالبة‬ ‫لتوفير‬ ‫وسيله‬(‫الخدمة‬)‫الصغيرة‬ ‫والزالزل‬ ‫الرياح‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫الحمل‬ ‫مستويات‬

14.  The base isolated is
most applicable for
low-rise and medium-
rise buildings and
becomes less
effective for high-rise
structures.

16. The applications of two
different isolation
systems:
1. Rubber-based isolation
system
2. Sliding-belt isolation
system
Rubber-based isolation system
1. The system consists of
laminated rubber bearings
2. The isolators are reinforced by
thin steel sheets.
3. The isolators are installed on
top of the basement walls or
the columns, or at the plinth
Building elevation showing the
locations of sliding bearings
(undercolumns) and vertical
stops

17.  Sliding-belt isolation
systems: are installed at the
base of the building between the
foundation and the superstructure.
The sliding belt consists of the
following elements:
(a) sliding supports
(b) reinforced rubber restraints for
horizontal displacements
(horizontal stop),
(c) restraints for vertical
displacements (uplift)–vertical
stops.

18. PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES
 The basic function in a building is to absorb or
consume a portion of the earthquake input energy,
thereby reducing energy dissipation demand on primary
structural members and minimizing structural damage.
 The means by which the energy is dissipated is
either through:
1. the yielding of mild steel,
2. sliding friction,
3. motion of a piston or a plate within a viscous fluid,
4. motion of an orificed viscous fluid device, or
5. viscoelastic action of polymeric materials.

19.  The most common types of passive devices
include :
1. viscous fluid dampers,
2. friction dampers,
3. metallic dampers, and
4. tuned mass dampers.
These devices can be effective against wind motions
as well as against earthquakes
critical structural details of the system
Typical building with DRE system in
Ukraine

20. Some Seismic Energy Dissipation Devices

30. A reinforced concrete core runs through
the heart of the structure core-wall
construction to increase seismic
performance at lower cost.

35. http://www.world-housing.net/wp-
content/uploads/2011/08/Type_Advanced.pdf
https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2014/november/66_H
ema_2__15_PGS__New.pdf