Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Ähnlich wie Next Generation IP Transport (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Next Generation IP Transport
- 1. Evolution of Next Generation IP
Transport
Wei Yin Tay
Consulting Systems Engineer,
Cisco Systems APJC
Dec 2012
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
1
- 2. At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:
• Understand the technical details of the Unified MPLS for Large
Scare IP Transport system design
• Explain the scale and operational advantages of the Unified
MPLS approach over an IGP/LDP design
• Understand the key enabling technologies for Unified MPLS,
MPLS DoD, RFC3701, BGP PIC, LFA FRR etc.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
2
- 3. • Next Generation Internet Drivers
• Unified MPLS Transport
• Unified MPLS Functional Considerations
Resiliency
OAM and PM
• Summary and Key Takeaways
• FMC Backup
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
3
- 5. © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
5
- 6. More Devices
Nearly 15B Connections
More Internet Users
3 Billion Internet Users
Key
Growth
Factors
Faster Broadband Speeds
4-Fold Speed Increase
More Rich Media Content
1M Video Minutes per Second
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2010–2015
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
6
- 7. MPLS as Network Convergence Technology
Optimizing Service Delivery
Access
Aggregation
Edge
Cross-Domain Convergence
Core
IP/MPLS
MPLS
§ MPLS does already satisfy number of NGN convergence requirements
Full breadth of services enabling per domain convergence
Compatible with heterogeneous network domains and their properties
Proven by widespread adoption in Core, Edge and Aggregation
§ Latest MPLS developments address Transport Applications and scaling into the Access
MPLS-TP for Static Provisioning, Transport Path performance monitoring and diagnostics*
Scaling to 100,000s MPLS devices without any compromise in performance and operations**
Low-end (access) devices support at scale***
§ MPLS – Proven Standards Based Convergence Technology
* MPLS-TP – MPLS Transport Profile and MPLS-TP OAM
** MPLS Enhancements for extra large scale – BGP-4 + label (RFC3107) or multiple static MPLS-TP and dynamic IP/MPLS areas
*** Achieved with MPLS-TP or MPLS LDP
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
7
- 8. Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core
Core
~45
RAN
MPLS/IP
IGP
Routes
IGP Area/Process
Aggregation Domain
~ 2,500
MPLS/IP
IGPIGP Area/Process
Routes!
Aggregation
~ 67,000
IGP Routes!
~ 2,500
Aggregation Domain
MPLS/IP
IGPIGP Area/Process
Routes!
Core Domain
MPLS/IP
IGP Area
Aggregation
Node
Node
Core
~45
~45
RAN
IGP
IGP
MPLS/IP
IGP Routes
Area/Process
Routes
Core
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
Node
Access Domain
LDP LSP !
Aggregation Domain
Network Wide
Cell Site Gateways
20
2,400
60,000
Pre-Aggregation Nodes
2
240
6,000
Aggregation Nodes
NA
12
300
Core ABRs
NA
2
50
Mobile transport Gateways
NA
NA
20
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
8
- 10. Problem Statement
How to simplify MPLS operations in increasingly larger networks
with more complex application requirements
• Modern Network Requirements:
Increase bandwidth demand (Video)
Increase application complexity (Cloud and virtualization)
Increase need for convergence (Mobility)
• Traditional MPLS Challenges with differing Access technologies
Complexity of achieving 50 millisecond convergence with TE-FRR
Need for sophisticated routing protocols & interaction with Layer 2 Protocols
Splitting large networks in to domains while still delivering services end-to-end
Common end-to-end convergence and resiliency mechanisms
End-to-end Provisioning and troubleshooting across multiple domains
Unified MPLS addresses these challenges
with elegant simplicity
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
10
- 11. Classical MPLS network with few additions
§ Common MPLS technology from Core, Aggregation, Pre-agg and
potentially in the access
§ RFC 3107 label allocation to introduce hierarchy for scale
§ BGP Filtering Mechanisms to help the network learn what is needed,
where is needed and when is needed in a secure manner
§ Loop Free Alternates FRR for 50 msec convergence with no
configuration required
§ BGP Prefix Independence Convergence to make the 3107 hierarchy
converge quickly
§ Contiguous and consistent Transport and Service OAM and
Performance Monitoring based on RFC-6374
§ Support Virtualized L2/L3 Services Edge using MPLS VPN, VPWS,
VPLS
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
11
- 12. Reduction in BGP routes towards Access
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core
Core
~45
~45
RAN
MPLS/IP
IGP
IGP
Routes
Routes
IGP Area/Process
Aggregation Domain
~ 2,500
~254 IGP Routes
MPLS/IP
~ 6,020IGP Area/Process
BGP Routes
IGP Routes!
Core Domain
~MPLS/IP
67,000
~70 IGP Routes
~ 67,000 Routes!
IGP BGP Routes
IGP Area
Aggregation
Node
~IGP Routes
2,500
~254Aggregation Domain
MPLS/IP
~ 6,020IGP Area/Process
IGP BGP Routes
Routes!
Aggregation
Node
Core
Core
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
~45
~45
RAN
IGP
IGP
MPLS/IP
IGP Routes
Area/Process
Routes
Node
Access Domain
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
Aggregation Domain
LDP LSP !
Network Wide
Cell Site Gateways
20
2,400
60,000
Pre-Aggregation Nodes
2
240
6,000
Aggregation Nodes
NA
12
300
Core ABRs
NA
2
50
Mobile transport Gateways
NA
NA
20
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
12
- 13. • The network is organized in distinct IGP/LDP domains
Domains defined via multi-area IGP, different autonomous systems or different
IGP processes.
No redistribution between domains
Intra-domain communication based on IGP/LDP LSPs.
• The network is integrated with a hierarchical MPLS control and data
plane based on RFC-3107: BGP IPv4 unicast +label (AFI/SAFI=1/4)
Inter-domain communication based on labeled BGP LSPs initiated/terminated
by the Unified MPLS PEs.
LSPs are switched by Unified MPLS ABRs or ASBRs interconnecting the
domains, configured as labeled iBGP RRs with Next Hop Self
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
13
- 14. Operational Points
LER
Access
AGG
LSR
AGG
MPLS
LER
AGG
MPLS
MPLS
AGG
Access
MPLS
• In general transport platforms, a service has to be configured on every
network element via operational points. The management system has to
know the topology.
• Goal is to minimize the number of operational points
• With the introduction of MPLS within the aggregation, some static
configuration is avoided.
• Only with the integration of all MPLS islands, the minimum number of
operational points is possible.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
14
- 15. • Disconnect & Isolate IGP domains
No more end-to-end IGP view
• Leverage BGP for infrastructure (i.e. PE) routes
Also for infrastructure (i.e. PE) labels
BGP for Services
BGP for Infrastructure
Isolated IGP & LDP
Isolated IGP & LDP
Access
Aggregation
Backbone
Region1
.
Isolated IGP & LDP
Region 2
Aggregation
Access
.
.
ISIS Level 2
Or
OSPF Area 0
ISIS Level 1
Or
OSPF Area Y
.
ISIS Level 1
Or
OSPF Area X
R
PE21
PE21
PE31
PE11
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
15
- 16. 1.
BGP advertises labeled routes.
•
When advertising routes R2/R7 set Next Hop to self, just like R3/R8, R5/R10
and possibly (R4/R9)
Access nodes only need 2 routes and only a few 100 LSPs
• When R4/R9 do NHS, no route export necessary between IGP hierarchies
2.
Destination
Best next hop
0.0.0.0/0
R5
0.0.0.0/0
R10
Route Table size for Access Nodes: 2
BGP+label
R5
BGP+label
R4
L3
BGP+label
R3
L2
R2
L1
L2
L4
L1
L3
L7
R9
In Label
Out
Label
Next Hop
Outgoing IF
Any
DoD
R5
S0
Any
DoD
R10
L6
R8
L5
172.2.1.0/24
L5
L7
L8
A1
R10
172.1.1.0/24
Ak
L6
An
R7
Note:
Label distribution over diagonal links not shown
LFIB size for Access Nodes:
O(# active LSPs * # Paths) ≈ 200
S1
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
16
- 17. 1.
Distribute the service label from R2 to R5
• In this case, prefix 172.1.1.0/24 has the label “50”
Use that label together with the BGP Next Hop to forward the packet
• R5 will advertise 50 to A1 when a label for 172.1.1.0/24 is requested. R3 and R2
set BGP Next Hop to self.
2.
Destination
Best next hop
Destination
Best next hop
Destination
Best next hop
172.1.1.0/24
R3(or R4)
172.1.1.0/24
R2
172.1.1.0/24
An
172.2.1.0/24
R3(or R4)
172.1.2.0/24
R2
172.1.2.0/24
Ak
BGP+label
R5
BGP+label
R4
LR4
BGP+label
R3
LR3
R2
LR2
LR2
LR3
LR4
50
LR2
50
LR7
LR3
LR8
50
LR9
LR4
In Label
50
Out
Label
LR9
LR8
R9
R8
LR7
172.2.1.0/24
50
A1
R10
172.1.1.0/24
Ak
LR10
50
LR5
An
R7
In Label
Out Label
In Label
Out Label
In Label
Out Label
LR4
LR3
LR3
LR2
LR2
50
LR3/50
Note: PHP operation not shown in these tables. R5 in this case would not push two labels but just one. Just like R4, R3 and R2 would actually only see the service label 50 on
ingress. For clarity this explicit form was chosen.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
17
- 18. Core Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Core Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
CSG
IP/Ethernet
Core and Aggregation
IP/MPLS Domain
Aggregation
Node
CSG
Distributio
n Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Aggregation Node
Pre-Aggregation
Node
Core Node
TDM and Packet
Microwave, 2G/3G/LTE
Fiber and Microwave
3G/LTE
IGP/LDP domain!
• Core and Aggregation Networks form one IGP and LDP domain.
• With small aggregation platforms the scale recommendation is less than 1000 IGP/LDP nodes.
• All Mobile (and Wireline) services are enabled by the Aggregation Nodes. The Mobile Access is
based on TDM and Packet Microwave links aggregated in Aggregation Nodes enabling TDM/ATM/
Ethernet VPWS and MPLS VPN transport
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
18
- 19. Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Core Node
CSG
CSG
RAN
IP/MPLS Domain
Core and Aggregation
IP/MPLS domain
IGP Area
RAN
IP/MPLS Domain
Pre-Aggregation
Node
CSG
Core Node
CSG
CSG
Pre-Aggregation
Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Aggregation Node
Core Node
CSG
Aggregation Node
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
• The Core and Aggregation form a relatively small IGP/LDP domain (1000 nodes)
• The RAN is MPLS enabled. Each RAN network forms a different IGP/LDP domain
• The Core/Aggregation and RAN Access Networks are integrated with labelled BGP LSP
• The Access Network Nodes learn only the MPC labelled BGP prefixes and selectively and optionally
the neighbouring RAN networks labelled BGP prefixes.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
19
- 20. Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
Aggregation
Node
TDM and Packet
Microwave, 2G/3G/LTE
Core
Node
Core
Node
Core Network
IP/MPLS Domain
Mobile
Transport GW
CSG
Core
Node
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
Pre-Aggregation
Node
Core
Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
IP/Ethernet
CSG
Fiber and Microwave
3G/LTE
iBGP (eBGP across ASes) Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
• The Core and Aggregation Networks enable Unified MPLS Transport
• The Core and Aggregation Networks are organized as independent IGP/LDP domains
• Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the interdomain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes
• The network domains are interconnected with hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP IPv4+labels.
Intra domain connectivity is based on LDP LSPs
• The Aggregation Node enable Mobile and Wireline Services. The Mobile RAN Access is based on TDM
and Packet Microwave.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
20
- 21. Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
CSG
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
RAN
IP/MPLS
domain
Pre-Aggregation
Node
CSG
Core
Node
Core
Node
Core Node
CSG
Mobile
Transport GW
Core Network
IP/MPLS Domain
Mobile
Transport GW
CSG
Core Node
Core
Node
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
RAN
IP/MPLS
domain
CSG
Pre-Aggregation
Node
Core
Node
Core Node
CSG
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
iBGP (eBGP across ASes) Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
• The Core, Aggregation, Access Network enable Unified MPLS Transport
• The Core, Aggregation, Access are organized as independent IGP/LDP domains
• Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the interdomain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes
• The network domains are interconnected with hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP
IPv4+labels. Intra domain connectivity is based on LDP LSPs
• The Access Network Nodes learn only the required labelled BGP FECs, with selective distribution of
the MPC and RAN neighbouring labelled BGP communities
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
21
- 22. Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
CSG
MPC iBGP community"
into RAN IGP"
RAN
MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
CSG
Core Node
Core
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
Pre-Aggregation
Node
Core
Node
Core
Core Node
RAN IGP CSN Loopbacks "
into iBGP"
CSG
Core
Node
Mobile
Transport GW
Core Network
IP/MPLS Domain
Mobile
Transport GW
Core Node
Core
Core
Node
Core
Node
CSG
MPC iBGP community"
into RAN IGP"
Aggregation Network
IP/MPLS
Domain
Pre-Aggregation
Node
RAN
MPLS/IP
CSG
IGP Area/Process
RAN IGP CSN Loopbacks "
into iBGP"
Core Node
Core
CSG
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
i/eBGP Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
• The Core and Aggregation are organized as distinct IGP/LDP domains that enable inter domain
hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP IPv4+labels and intra domain LSPs based on LDP
• Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the interdomain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes
• The inter domain Core/Aggregation LSPs are extended in the Access Networks by distributing the RAN
IGP in the AggregationIPV4 unicast + label iBGP and the Mobile Transport Gateways labeled iBGP
prefixes into RAN IGP.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
22
- 24. Service Provisioning
Service Provisioning
Port P xconnect 1.1.1.1
LDP
1.1.1.1
quest
DoD Re
(1.1.1.1
) PE11
D1
LDP D
oD Req
uest (1
.1.1.1)
PE12
IP/MPLS control plane
• Service provisioning only on access node
• Configuration of xconnect triggers LDP request for label to use for
remote destination
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
24
- 25. 1.1.1.1
Reply
LDP DoD
(L=21) PE11
D1
LDP D
oD Rep
ly (L=3
1)PE12
IP/MPLS control plane
• PE replies with label value to use for remote location based off full
network knowledge
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
25
- 27. • Access node is extremely simple
no IGP, no BGP
• Access node may have an LSP towards any other node
• Access node only knows the labels it needs
• Simple and Scaleable
• Leverage existing technology (simplicity)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
27
- 28. • Extend MPLS to the Access without the need for much intelligence or
memory on these boxes
2 route entries, MPLS DoD and an LFIB the size of the established LSPs are
sufficient
• End-to-End reachability information kept at nodes that scale well (ABRs)
• Minimize the size of the IGP
Clear separation of routing domains, improved convergence in the access &
aggregation domains.
With NHS on all ABRs, no core routes are leaked into access & aggregation,
and no access & aggregation routes into the core.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
28
- 30. • Unified MPLS Transport:
• Core, Aggregation, Pre-Aggregation baseline using BGP PIC Core/Edge
•
Can benefit from LFA FRR in Core and Aggregation if topology is LFA
• LDP IP/MPLS Access uses remote LFA FRR
• Labeled BGP Access uses labeled BGP control plane protection
• MPLS VPN Service
• eNB UNI:
• MPC UNI:
• Transport:
Static Routes
PE-CE dynamic routing with BFD keep-alive
BGP VPNv4/v6 convergence, BGP VPN PIC, VRRP on MTG
• VPWS Service:
• UNI: mLACP for Ethernet, MR-APS for TDM/ATM
• Transport: PW redundancy, two-way PW redundancy
• Synchronization Distribution:
• ESMC for SyncE, SSM for ring distribution.
• 1588 BC with active/standby PTP streams from multiple 1588 OC masters
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
30
- 31. Access
Network
OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2
Aggregation
Network
IS-IS L1
PAN
Inline RR
next-hop-self
Core
Network
IS-IS L2
Aggregation
Network
IS-IS L1
CN-ABR
Inline RR
next-hop-self
CN-ABR
Inline RR
next-hop-self
iBGP
IPv4+label
Access
Network
OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2
PAN
Inline RR
next-hop-self
iBGP
IPv4+label
CSG
CSG
iBGP
IPv4+label
iBGP
IPv4+label
CN-RR
RR
iBGP
IPv4+label
CSG
CSG
MTG
Mobile
Packet Core
CSG
CSG
SGW/PGW
MME
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
LDP LSP !
BGP PIC Edge
<100 msec
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
BGP PIC Core
<100 msec
LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
LFA FRR, Remote-LFA FRR
< 50msec
Cisco Confidential
31
- 32. Failure Scenario
IGP Availability Function BGP Availability Function
CSG Uplink
LFA FRR
Transient CSG link/node
LFA FRR
PAN link/node
BGP PIC Core
Transient AGG link/node
BGP PIC Core
Agg/Core ASBR link/
node
BGP PIC Edge
Core link/node
MTG link/node
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
LFA FRR
BGP PIC Core
BGP PIC Edge
Cisco Confidential
32
- 33. • What is LFA FRR?
Well known (RFC 5286) basic fast re-route mechanism to provide
local protection for unicast traffic in pure IP and MPLS/LDP
networks
Path computation done only at “source” node
Backup is Loop Free Alternate (C is an LFA, E is not)
2
C
2
10
2
A
4
D
1
B
8
E
F
• No directly connected Loop Free Alternates (LFA) in some
topologies
• Ring topologies for example:
Consider C1-C2 link failure
A2
A1
If C2 sends a A1-destined packet to C3, C3 will send it back to C2
C1
C5
C2
• However, a non-directly connected loop free alternate node
C4
(C5) exits
C3
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
33
3
3
- 34. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shand-remote-lfa
• Remote LFA uses automated IGP/LDP behavior to extend
basic LFA FRR to arbitrary topologies
Backbone
• A node dynamically computes its remote loop free
alternate node(s)
A1
Done during SFP calculations using algorithm (see draft)
• Automatically establishes a directed LDP session to it
The directed LDP session is used to exchange labels for the
FEC in question
• On failure, the node uses label stacking to tunnel traffic to
the Remote LFA node, which in turn forwards it to the
destination
A2
C1
C5
Directed LDP
session
C2
C4
C3
• Note: The whole label exchange and tunneling
mechanism is dynamic and does not involve any manual
provisioning
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Access Region
Cisco Confidential
34
3
4
- 35. • C2’s LIB
C1’s label for FEC A1 = 20
Backbone
C3’s label for FEC C5 = 99
C5’s label for FEC A1 = 21
A1
• On failure, C2 sends A1-destined traffic onto an LSP
A2
destined to C5
Swap per-prefix label 20 with 21 that is expected by C5 for that
prefix, and push label 99
• When C5 receives the traffic, the top label 21 is the one
that it expects for that prefix and hence it forwards it onto
the destination using the shortest-path avoiding the link
C1-C2.
C1
20
Directed LDP
session
21
C2
21
C4
21
99
C5
E1
C3
21
X
99
Access Region
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
35
3
5
- 36. Odd Ring
• MPLS-TE FRR 1-hop Link
AG1-2
AG1-1
14 primary TE tunnels to operate
14 backup TE tunnels to operate
CSS-1
tLDP session for
link CSS 2-3
CSS-5
No node protection
• MPLS-TE FRR Full-Mesh
tLDP session for
link CSS 1-2
CSS-2
42 primary TE tunnels to operate
CSS-4
CSS-3
14 backup TE tunnels to operate for Link protection
28 backup TE tunnels to operate for Link & Node protection
Even Ring
• Remote LFA
AG1-1
Fully automated IGP/LDP behavior
tLDP session
for links
CSS 1-2 and 2-3
tLDP session dynamically set up to Remote LFA Node
Even ring involves 1 directed LDP sessions per node
AG1-2
CSS-1
CSS-4
Odd ring involves 2 directed LDP sessions per node
No tunnels to operate
CSS-2
CSS-3
*For the count, account that TE tunnels are unidirectional
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
36
3
6
- 37. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shand-remote-lfa
• Simple operation with minimal configuration
• No need to run an additional protocol (like RSVP-TE) in a
Backbone
IGP/LDP network just for FRR capability
Automated computation of node and directed LDP session
setup
A1
A2
Minimal signalling overhead
• Simpler capacity planning than TE-FRR
TE-FRR protected traffic hairpins through NH or NNH before
being forwarded to the destination
Need to account for the doubling of traffic on links due to
hairpinning during capacity planning
C5
E1
C1
C2
TE-FRR
Backup tunnel
NH protection
C4
C3
Remote-LFA traffic is forwarded on per-destination shortestpaths from PQ node
Access Region
Remote-LFA
tunnel to
PQ node
If you need Traffic Engineering then TE is the way to go.
But, if all you need is fast convergence, consider simpler options!
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
37
3
7
- 38. • BGP Fast Reroute (BGP FRR)—enables
BGP to use alternate paths within subseconds after a failure of the primary or
active paths
• PIC or FRR dependent routing protocols
(e.g. BGP) install backup paths
• Without backup paths
Convergence is driven from the routing
protocols updating the RIB and FIB one
prefix at a time - Convergence times directly
proportional to the number of affected
prefixes
• With backup paths
Paths in RIB/FIB available for immediate use
Predictable and constant convergence time
independent of number of prefixes
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
38
- 39. PIC Edge
PIC Core
100000
100000
250k PIC
10000
10000
250k no PIC
PIC
1000
no PIC
100
500k PIC
1000
500k no PIC
100
10
10
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
Prefix
1
50000
P
1
25
00
0
50
00
0
75
00
10 0
00
0
12 0
50
0
15 0
00
0
17 0
50
0
20 0
00
0
22 0
50
0
25 0
00
0
27 0
50
0
30 0
00
0
32 0
50
0
35 0
00
00
1
0
LoC (ms)
msec
1000000
Core
Prefix
•
Upon failure in the core, without Core PIC,
convergence function of number of affected
prefixes
§ Upon failure at the edge, without edge PIC,
convergence function of number of affected
prefixes
•
With PIC, convergence predictable and
remains constant independent of the number
of prefixes
§ With PIC, convergence predictable and
remains constant irrespective of the number of
prefixes
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
39
- 41. • OAM benchmarks
Set by TDM and existing WAN technologies
• Operational efficiency
Reduce OPEX, avoid truck-rolls
Downtime cost
• Management complexity
Large Span Networks
Multiple constituent networks belong to disparate organizations/
companies
• Performance management
Provides monitoring capabilities to ensure SLA compliance
Enables proactive troubleshooting of network issues
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
41
- 42. LTE,
3G IP UMTS,
Transport
IPSLA PM
IPSLA
Probe
IPSLA
Probe
VRF
Service OAM
VRF
MPLS VRF OAM
3G ATM UMTS,
2G TDM,
Transport
IPSLA
Probe
IPSLA
Probe
IPSLA PM
CC / RDI (BFD)
Fault OAM (LDI / AIS / LKR)
On-demand CV and tracing (LSP
Ping / Trace)
Performance management (DM, LM)
Transport OAM
MPLS VCCV PW OAM
IP OAM over inter domain LSP – RFC 6371,6374 & 6375
End-to-end LSP
With unified MPLS
NodeB
RFC6427, 6428 & 6435
CSG
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Aggregation
Mobile Transport GW
RNC/BSC/SAE
Cisco Confidential
42
- 44. Expand into CE services
Leveraging Unified RAN
Mobile
Operators
Value
• Mobile Internet
• Wholesale RAN Backhaul
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Expand into RAN services
Leveraging Carrier Ethernet
Converged Scenarios:
Fixed/Mobile Infrastructure
Wholesale Ethernet / RAN Backhaul
Mobile Operator with Business Services
Typical Services:
Unified
RAN
Intelligent
Converged
Network
Typical Services:
• Security
• Business Ethernet
• Mobile Internet
• Triple Play
• Internet Access
• RAN Backhaul
Converged
CE + Unified RAN
Telcos
(+ MSOs)
Typical Services:
• Security
• Business Ethernet
• Triple Play
• Wholesale Ethernet
• Internet Access
Carrier
Ethernet
Cisco Confidential
44
- 45. §
Types of network
• Network architecture options
‒ Mobile backhaul only
‒ Converged with other services
§
Types of mobile traffic
‒ 2G/3G
‒ 4G only
MPLS access & aggregation
L2 access & aggregation
L2 access, MPLS aggregation
L3 access & aggregation
MPLS access & aggregation
‒ 2G/3G/4G
‒ Small cell
§
• Network timing options
GPS
Sync. Ethernet
PTP: 1588v2008
Hybrid
Packet Core placements options
‒ Centralized
‒ Distributed
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
45
4
5
- 46. Mobile Backhaul Bandwidth - Radio Behavior
§ BW is designed on per cell/sector, including each radio type
§ Busy time – averaged across all users
§ Quiet Time – one/two users (Utilize Peak bandwidth)
§ For multi-technology radio- sum of BW for each technology
§ Last mile bandwidth- Planned with Peak
§ Aggregation/Core – Planned with Meantime Average
§ Manage over subscription
UE1
Many
UEs
Quiet Time
Busy Time
More variation
More averaging
Spectral
Efficiency
bps/Hz
bps/Hz
64QAM
64QAM
bps/Hz
Cell average
cell
average
16QAM
QPSK
:
:
:
UE3
UE2
UE1
QPSK
UE1
Hz
Cell average
UE1
Hz
Bandwidth, Hz
a) Many UEs / cell
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
b) One UE with a good link
c) One UE, weak link
Cisco Confidential
46
- 47. Mobile Backhaul Transport Architecture
E-UTRAN
Cell
Site
Access
Layer
Ethern
et uW
Aggregation
Layer
Aggregation
node
Access
node
GE Ring or
Pt-to-Pt
Core
BSC RNC SGW
Backbone
Layer
Distribution
node
10 GE or
IPoDWDM
Fibre
E-LINE/E-LAN (L2VPN)
Option 1
Option 2
L2VPN
Option 5
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
L3 MPLS VPN
L3 MPLS VPN
Option 3
Option 4
E-LINE/E-LAN (L2VPN)
L3 MPLS VPN
L2VPN
L3 MPLS VPN
L3 MPLS VPN
Cisco Confidential
47
- 48. No longer Pt-to-Pt relationship with
S1-c Base Station to MME
multipoint requirements
interface
Multi-homed to multiple MME pools
MME GW
SCTP/IP based
Different traffic types with different
S11 MME to
transport requirements SAE GW
GTP-c Version 2
Demarcation point between the radio
SGW
and the Backhaul technology
SGW
PDN GW
“X2” interface introduces direct
communication between GW to PDN GW
SAE eNodeBs
X2 inter base station
GTP or PMIP based macro mobility
interface
SCTP/IP Signalling
MME GW
Network intelligence for advanced
GTP tunnelling
S1-u Base Station to SAE GW
following handover services and traffic manipulation
GTP-u base micro mobility
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
48
- 50. © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
50
5
0
- 51. © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
51
5
1
- 52. © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
52
5
2
- 53. Connection via External TXP
Packet
FEC
Packet
OTN
IPoDWDM
DWDM controller
Packet
Data controller
FEC
Packet
OTN
• IPoDWDM acts on the entire router interface as in the case of
Transponders
• All IPoDWDM features leverage the OTN overhead and FEC
which act on the entire router interface
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
53
- 55. Unified MPLS simplifies the transport and service architecture
• Unified MPLS LSPs across network layers to any location in the network
• Flexible placement of L2 and L3 transport to concurrently support 2G,
3G, and 4G services, as well as wholesale and wireline services.
• Service provisioning only required at the edge of the network
• Divide-and-conquer strategy of small IGP domains and labeled BGP
LSPs helps scale the network to hundred of thousands of LTE cell sites
• Simplified carrier-class operations with end-to-end OAM, performance
monitoring, and LFA FRR fast convergence protection
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
55