Construction Safety Training SHORT COURSE The objective of this course is to develop understanding of the fundamental concepts of construction safety. Students will learn about the common hazards in the construction industry, risk assessment, and control methods. Session 01_Overview of the Construction Industry

1. Construction Safety Training
SHORT COURSE
Instructor: Mr. Muizz Anibire, MSc
Tel: +966501296203, Email: muizzanibire10@gmail.com
Dammam Community College
Safety Technology Program

2. Reason/Justification:
The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries in the world. More
so, in the Middle East, construction accidents and fatality rates have been reported to
be 18.6 per 100,000 workers, compared to 4.2 per 100,000 workers in other
economies. In Saudi Arabia, the construction industry was responsible for over
46.3% of the recorded occupational injuries (GOSI, 2017).
Who should attend:
• Junior to middle level staff of construction and civil engineering firms
• Students majoring in safety, construction, architecture, civil engineering building,
and related fields
• Entrepreneurs in real estate and property development
Venue: Dammam Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, KSA.
Duration: 3 Hours x 4 Sessions (12 Hours)
Mode of Instruction: lecture presentation in the English Language, hands on
exercises, and case studies.
Award: Certificate of Participation
About the course

3. The objective of this course is to develop understanding of
the fundamental concepts of construction safety. Students will
learn about the common hazards in the construction industry,
risk assessment, and control methods.
Course objective

4. This course will cover areas such as excavations, confined
spaces, underground works, and working at heights,
demolition, risk assessment and principles of control.
Scope

5. At the end of this course, students should be able to:
 Describe hazards associated with the construction industry
 Evaluate construction tasks to applaud inherent risks
 Select hazard control methods and implementation strategies
 Prepare construction risk assessment reports and methods statement
Course learning outcomes

6. Course lesson plan
Day 1
Session 01: Overview of the construction industry
Prayer break
Session 02: Excavation works, hazards and controls
Short break
Session 03: Confined spaces, and underground works
Day 2
Session 04: Working at heights and over water
Prayer break
Session 05: Access equipment, precautions and controls
Short break
Session 06: Case studies and round table discussions
Day 3
Session 07: Construction demolition: hazards and controls
Prayer break
Session 08: Blasting and use of explosives
Short break
Session 09: Case studies and round table discussions
Day 4
Session 10: Risk Assessment and Principles of Control
Prayer break
Session 11: Risk Assessment and Methods Statement (RAMS)
Short break
Session 12: Course review/case study done in groups

7. Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction: The Handbook for the
NEBOSH National Certificate in Construction: Health and Safety
Author(s): Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett
Publisher: Routledge, 4th Edition, 2011.
Risk Management Tools for Safety Professionals
Author(s): Bruce K. Lyon, Georgi Popov
Publisher: Publisher: American Society of Safety Professionals, 2017.
Saudi Aramco Construction Safety Manual
Loss Prevention Department, Saudi Aramco
2017 Edition.
CALcrete Computer Aided E-Learning – Health and Safety Module. URL:
https://www.concretecentre.com/Publications-Software/Design-tools-and-software/CALcrete.aspx
Recommended reference materials

8. Dammam Community College
Safety Technology Program
Construction Safety Training
SHORT COURSE
Instructor: Mr. Muizz Anibire, MSc
Tel: +966501296203, Email: muizzanibire10@gmail.com

9.  Understand the construction industry and its environment
 Understand basic concepts/terminology in the
construction industry
 Identify the various types of construction projects
 Identify various processes involved in construction
 Identify different participants in the construction process
 Identify the various types of equipment used in
construction
 Describe common hazards in the construction industry
Learning objectives

10. Introduction 1/3
What does construction mean to you ?

11. Introduction 2/3
 Construction is an art as well as a science.
 It is defined as the process of creating or altering a building, structure,
or object. This includes land clearance, excavation, erection and the
assembly and installation of components and equipment.
 Construction activity is an integral part of a country’s
infrastructure and industrial development.
 The construction industry is vital to a nation’s socio-
economic development.
 It is estimated that the worth of the industry is about US
$8.7 trillion, accounting for 12.2% of the world’s economic
output and providing employment for about 200 million
people worldwide.

12. Introduction 3/3
 The construction industry also drives growth in other
industries such as the steel, concrete, and timber material
industries; trucking, shipping, manufacturing and mining
industries.
 The following are some of the benefits of the construction
industry:
 Strategic tool to achieving sustainable development
 Contributes significantly to the economy
 Provide outputs to most industries and utilizes the
outputs of many industries
 Income generation and re-distribution
 Employment generation.

13. Characteristics of the Construction Industry
The construction industry has some characteristics as described in
the table:
Industry related characteristics Project related characteristics
The increasing complexity of the
industry
Projects are temporary in nature
Low entry requirements and small sized
enterprises
Every project is unique
Fierce competition and low profit
margins
Uncertain and inter-dependent
environment
Economic pressures Competitive tendering
Labor intensive processes and health
risks
Mega projects – see example in next
slide
Masculine nature of work

14. Characteristics of the Construction Industry
The development of the Three Gorges Dam project required the Chinese
government to resettle more than one million people, which led to many
socio-cultural issues, such as ineffective compensation distribution, loss of
employment and inadequate new housing.

15. Types of Construction
 Construction work can be categorized into four broad areas:
1. Residential buildings (houses, apartments, flats, etc.)
2. Institutional and commercial buildings (offices, shops,
hotels, schools, etc.)
3. Infrastructure and heavy highway construction (roads,
bridges, rails, water and sewerage, etc.)
4. Industrial construction (Refineries, and power plants
etc.)

16. Residential Buildings
High rise apartments

17. Institutional and Commercial Buildings
University buildings – New York University, Abu Dhabi

18. Institutional and Commercial Buildings
The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture

19. Infrastructure and Heavy Highway Construction
Highways and bridges

20. Infrastructure and Heavy Highway Construction
Rail roads and urban transit systems

21. Infrastructure and Heavy Highway Construction
Rail roads and urban transit systems

22. Infrastructure and Heavy Highway Construction
Tunnels

23. Infrastructure and Heavy Highway Construction
Airports

24. Industrial Construction
Power plant/refineries

25. Industrial Construction
Power plant/refineries

26. The Construction Process
 The construction process consists of the building or
assembling of infrastructure.
 Generally the construction process consists of six stages:
 Concepts
 Contracts and bid documents
 Bidding
 Construction
 Construction payments
 Completion

27. The Construction Process
Source: https://www.strideproperties.com/stages/

28. The Conceptual Stage 1/2
 The conceptual or design stage is also known as architectural
programming and involves activities that occur before the
actual construction begins.
 Licensed professionals in the conceptual stage may include:
 Architect (for residential, institutional and commercial
facilities)
 Civil/Structural and Construction Engineers
 Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Engineers
 Industrial/Piping Engineers (for industrial facilities)
 Chemical/Process Engineers (for industrial facilities)
 Facility/Maintenance Engineers
 Safety Engineers
 Etc.

29. The Conceptual Stage 2/2
 In the conceptual stage, a number of client meetings are
arranged in order to determine the purpose and objective of
the proposed construction. This is referred to as debriefing.
 The preliminary programming produces a list of solutions,
alternatives, feasibility studies and costs estimates.
 After a review of the programming statement, schematic
plans are prepared.
 The final product is a schematic plan which is reviewed and
modified by all concerned stakeholders. The final schematic
plan is known as the preliminary plans.

30. Contracts and Bid Documents
 All projects (new construction or expansion of an existing structure)
require the preparation of contract documents. The document describes:
 The appearance, layout, equipment, and amenities of the project.
 Design of structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, communication
systems and other systems.
 Other relevant issues including: local zoning requirements, local
infrastructure, traffic, environmental and population impact, acoustic,
energy, lighting, and aesthetic considerations.
 Numerous drawing plans are involved in a construction project,
including: architectural; structural; mechanical; electrical; Process
Flow Diagrams (PFDs); Process and Instrument Drawings (P&IDs);
etc.
 Contract specification “specs” are “that portion of
the Contract Documents consisting of the written requirements for
materials, equipment, systems, standards and workmanship for the
Work, and performance of related services,” according to AIA
Document A201-2007.

31. Bidding
 The client/owner solicits bids or proposals from general
contractors and/or specialty contractors.
 The following is the sequence of events to prepare a contract bid:
 The contractor obtains the “specs” and prepares a formal estimate of
the construction cost or bid.
 The contractor reviews the contract plans and specs to determine how
to build the project and to consider all the limitations or conditions
required for the project.
 The contractor solicits bids from subcontractors and evaluates the
ultimate profit potential of the contract.
 The owner evaluates all of the submitted bids and then awards the
contract.
 The contract document and specs contain the project start and
completion dates, the progress billing procedures, the insurance
requirements, and other pertinent information.

32. Construction (Field Work)
 Building Permits - specifications and blueprints must be provided to
the municipality's building department, along with the application for a
permit. Results of soil testing, environmental impact studies etc. may also
be required. Sometimes, a public hearing is mandated, if there is
opposition to the project.
 A building inspector also verifies that the project is being constructed
according to municipal code.
 Subcontractors - limited scope of work, which usually involves a special
skill, knowledge, or ability. May include plumbers, electricians, framers,
concrete workers etc., and work with the main contractor.
 Shop drawings - detail the specific building components.
 Project submissions - illustrate each item's intended use, function,
method of attachment or installation requirements, and placed-in-service
date.
 Change Orders - The architect/engineer may make modifications or
change orders to the construction plans as needed. Change orders should
be reviewed for any agreed changes to the payment schedule.

33. Construction Payments
 When a contractor completes a prescribed amount of work, the owner
pays the contractor for the completed work.
 It is to the contractor's benefit that items of construction be broken into
as many parts as possible.
 Document A201 contains AIA Form G702 which requires that the
contractor break down the bid into various parts of work. The project
designer (architect or engineer) critically reviews the G702 schedule of
values that are prepared by the contractor and either accepts or rejects
them.

34. Completion
 As Built Plans - These plans represent exactly how the facility was
constructed and they also incorporate all the changes to the original
construction plan.
 Notice of Partial Completion - the owner may desire to occupy a
portion of the completed building. In that case, local building officials
conduct an inspection to determine if that portion of the facility meets
all building codes and is safe to be occupied. If approval is granted, a
"Certificate/Notice of Partial Occupancy" is issued.
 Notice of Substantial Completion - local building officials issue this
notice when 95 % of the construction is complete.
 Notice of Completion/Certificate of Occupancy - when the building
is 100% complete, the project must pass a final inspection by local
building officials in order for the "Notice of Completion" and the
"Certificate of Occupancy" to be issued.

35. Sequence of Construction Work for a Small Project
 Clear the land (which may include demolition of existing structures)
 Excavate the land (which may include digging holes and leveling)
 Pour the foundation
 Frame steel and/or concrete
 Rough framing
 Rough electrical
 Concrete flooring
 Roofing
 Heating and air conditioning
 Ductwork for heating and air conditioning
 Elevators and/or escalators
 Sprinklers and other safety equipment
 Install electrical fixtures
 Insulate and weather-strip
 Frame windows and door sashes
 Install tile and marble
 Install suspended acoustical ceilings
 Install toilets, sinks and other plumbing fixtures
 Paint walls (inside and out)

36. Construction Equipment
 There are numerous construction equipment used depending on the
nature and scale of work. Some of these may include:
 Earthmoving equipment.
 Roadwork equipment.
 Access equipment.
 Lifting/Hoisting equipment.
 Hauling equipment.
 Concrete Equipment

37. Construction Equipment
Bulldozer: used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such
material during construction.

38. Construction Equipment
Back Hoe: is a type of excavating equipment, or digger, consisting of a digging
bucket.

39. Construction Equipment
Grader: is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface
during the grading process.

40. Construction Equipment
Trencher: used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or electrical cables, for
installing drainage, or in preparation for trench warfare.

41. Construction Equipment
Loaders: used in construction to move aside or load materials such as asphalt,
demolition debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material,
rock, sand, woodchips, etc. into or onto another type of machinery.

42. Construction Equipment
Articulated Dump Trucks (ADT): is a very large heavy duty type of dump
truck used to transport loads over rough terrain, and occasionally on public roads.

43. Construction Equipment
Asphalt Paver: used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such
places.

44. Construction Equipment
Roller Compactor: used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in
the construction of roads and foundations.

45. Construction Equipment
Cranes: a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire
ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to
move them horizontally.

46. Construction Equipment
Scaffolds: a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid
in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man
made structures.

47. Construction Equipment
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWP): a mechanical device used to
provide temporary access for people or equipment to inaccessible areas, usually at
height.

48. Construction Equipment
Piling Rig: to drill in sandy soil, clay, silty clay, etc. and widely used cast-in-
place piles, diaphragm walls, foundation reinforcement and other foundation
projects.

49. Construction Equipment
Pile Driver: used to drive piles into soil to provide foundation support for
buildings or other structures.

50. Construction Equipment
Hauling Truck: used for transporting construction equipment from job site to
job site.

51. Construction Equipment
Mobile Concrete Mixer: for transporting ready-mix concrete from the batching
plant to the job site.

52. Construction Equipment
Concrete Pump: for transferring liquid concrete by pumping.

53. Accidents in the Construction Industry
 The construction industry is one of the most dangerous
industries worldwide due to deadly fatalities and accidents
recorded yearly.
 Construction related injuries and accidents in the U.S. are
50% higher than those in any other industry (Huang and
Hinze, 2003); in Japan, they are 40% of the total accidents,
50% in Ireland and 25% in the United Kingdom (Agwu and
Olele, 2014).
 More severe situations are recorded in developing countries.
 Occupational accident and fatality rates in the Middle East
have been reported to be 18.6 per 100,000 workers,
compared to 4.2 per 100,000 workers in established
economies (Hämäläinen et al., 2006).

54. Accidents in the Construction Industry
Makkah Tower Crane Collapse (Photo credit:
https://www.thenational.ae/world/gcc/binladin-group-cleared-of-deadly-makkah-
crane-collapse-1.663484)

55. Accidents in the Construction Industry
Crane Accident in New York (Photo credit:
https://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/the-cost-of-tragedy/)

56. OSHA’s Focus Four
 OSHA has identified the 4 leading causes of fatalities in the
Construction Industry. These include:
For more details, see: https://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction/focus_four/
Falls Struck-By
ElectrocutionCaught-In
or-Between

57. Personal Protective Equipment in Construction
 These are examples of some common PPEs used in the
construction industry:

58. Personal Protective Equipment in Construction
 These are examples of some common PPEs used in the
construction industry:

59. Personal Protective Equipment in Construction
 These are examples of some common PPEs used in the
construction industry:

60. Personal Protective Equipment in Construction
 These are examples of some common PPEs used in the
construction industry:

61. Knowledge Check
Q1 Construction is defined as the process of creating or
altering a building, structure, or object.
T F
Q2 Power plants and refineries are examples of industrial
construction.
T F
Q3 MEWP is a mechanical device used to provide temporary
access for people or equipment to inaccessible areas,
usually at height.
T F
Q4 Construction accident are more severe in developing
countries.
T F
Q5 Electrocution is one of OSHA’s 4 leading causes of
fatalities in the Construction Industry.
T F

62. End of Session 01: