1. Livestock
&
Dairy Industry
Muhammad Yaseen
Mazia Zehra
1

2. Livestock
 Being major player in national economy livestock
sector has been selected as an economy engine
for poverty alleviation from Pakistan
 Its contribution to agriculture value added is
approximately 55.4 % and to national GDP is 11.9
%. Livestock is raised by more than 8.5 million
small and landless families in the rural areas and
35-40 million rural populations are dependent on
this.

3. Livestock
 In Pakistan livestock includes cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat, camels, horses, asses and mules.
Milk, meat, wool, hair, bones, fat, blood eggs,
hides and skins are the main livestock products
among which milk and meat are taken as major
products
 Livestock has recorded a growth rate of 3.7
percent against the growth of 3.9 percent last
year. The milk production of milk , poultry
products and other livestock item has increased
at rate of 3.2%, 7.3%, 1.1%

4. Livestock Population
 The total population increase in livestock sector
during economic year 2012-13 is listed below.
Cattle population increased by 3.79% in year
2012-13. Buffalo, sheep and goat population
replicated by 3.06%, 1.41% and 2.85%
respectively. There is 0% increase in mule
population.

5. Species Year 2011-12 Year 2012-13 Percentage Increase
Population
(Million No)
Population
(Million No)
Cattle 36.9 38.3 3.79%
Buffalo 32.7 33.7 3.06%
Sheep 28.4 28.8 1.41%
Goat 63.1 64.9 2.85%
Camels 1 1 0.00%
Horses 0.4 0.4 0.00%
Asses 4.8 4.9 2.08%
Mules 0.2 0.2 0.00%

7. Meat
 Pakistan ranked 18th in the production of Halal
Meat Market
 The production of other livestock products for the
meat increase 4.5% during 2012-13
 Meat per capita 21.0 kg

8. Meat
Meat 3,095 3,232 3,379
Beef 1,711 1,769 1,829
Mutton 616 629 643
Poultry
meat 767 834 907

10. Poultry Sector
 Poultry sector is one of the fast growing sectors
of Pakistan and 1.5 million people are directly or
indirectly earning from this sector. Its contribution
in National GDP is 1.2 percent and 10.4 percent
in livestock.

11. Poultry Sector
 Poultry meat contribute 26.7% to the total meat
production in Pakistan. Poultry sector has shown
a sprint growth at the rate of 7-8 percent annually.
The overall increase in poultry meat production
during the last financial year is 8.75% which is
much higher than the mutton and beef production
percentage increase

13. History
 In Pakistan, modern milk processing in the dairy
sector started in early 1960s, and by mid-1970s
23 milk pasteurization and sterilization plants
were set up
 All of them are closed due to low consumer
acceptance, the short shelf-life of the product and
lack of trained manpower.
 The first UHT plant was set up in Pakistan in
1977

14. History
 The success of this plant attracted many other
investors also and during 1983-87, 20 new plants
were set up.
 In the current situation, UHT capacity in the dairy
industry is more than the demand for the product

15. Plant Start up Installed Capacity (liters/day)
Milko, ltd. Lahore 1977 25,000
MilkPak limited, sheikhupura 1981 150,000
Pakistan Dairies, Sahiwal 1983 50,000
Halla, Pattoki 1984 75,000
Chaudhry Dairies, Bhai Pheru 1986 80,000
Milkways, tandlianwala 1987 90,000(2)

16. Sr.No Plant Location
1 Nestle Milkpak ltd Sheikhupura
2 Nestle Milkpak ltd
3 Haleeb Foods limited Bhai Pheru
4 Haleeb Foods limited R.Y. khan
5 Nirala Dairy Pvt Ltd Tandlianwala
6 Premier dairy Pvt. Ltd. Lahore
7 K & K Dairy Pvt. Ltd Lahore
8 Shaker foods Gujranwala
9 Noon Pakistan Bhalwal
10 Engro Foods Ltd Sukkhar
11 Engro Foods Ltd Sahiwal
12 Royal dairy Karachi
13 Millac Foods Pvt. Ltd. Lahore
14 Military Dairy Okara
15 Prime dairy Lahore
16 Butt dairy Tandlianwala
17 Idara-e-Kissan Pattoki
18 Gourmete Lahore
19 Adam’s Dairy Sahiwal
20 Alpha Dairy Jhung

17. Dairy Sector
 “Pakistan is the fourth largest producer of milk in
the world behind India, China and the United
States. The sector spans eight million farming
households that together produces around 36.2
million tons of milk annually,”
 Mammalian livestock can be used as a source
of milk, which can in turn easily be processed into
other dairy products
 Milk provides relatively quick returns for small-
scale livestock keepers

18. Dairy Sector
 It is a balanced nutritious food and is a key
element in household food security.
 More than 96% of the milk produced in Pakistan
comes from cattle and buffalo.
 Milk is favorite food in Pakistan and is consumed
as fresh, boiled, powdered and in processed form
as yogurt, ghee, lassi, butter, cheese, ice cream,
sweets and in other confectioneries

19. Dairy Sector
 The rest of it is collectively produced by sheep,
goat and camel which, most of the time, is not
sold as such, rather mixed with buffalo and cow
milk.
 Major product of livestock is milk and there is 3.26
percent increase in the milk production during the
last two years that is quite satisfactory as the milk
consumption increased by 3.24% during the last
fiscal financial year.
 Pakistan Milk per capita 170.0 liter

20. Species Population (Million)
Milk Production (Million
Tons)
Cattle 38.3 17.372
Buffalo 33.7 30.462
Sheep 28.8 0.037
Goat 64.9 0.801
Camel 1.0 0.840
Total 166.7 49.512
Province Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel
Punjab 19.0 21.9 6.9 24.0 0.22
Sindh 8.8 9.1 4.3 14.9 0.30
KPK 7.7 2.4 3.7 11.7 0.07
Balochistan 3.1 0.3 13.8 14.2 0.41

21. Species 2011-12 2012-13
Production
(000 tons)
Production
(000 tons)
Increase in Consumption
Milk (Human Consumption) 38,690 39,945 3.24%
Cow 13,393 13,897 3.76%
Buffalo 23,652 24,370 3.04%
Sheep 37 37 0.00%
Goat 779 801 2.82%
Camel 829 840 1.33%

22. The nine major dairies of the country include:
 Nestle
 Nirala
 Halla
 Noon
 Millac
 Dairy Bell
 Dairy Crest
 Premier
 Engro Foods Ltd

23. Milking Seasons in Pakistan
 In Pakistan there are mostly three season of milk
which are as under :
Flush Season: (1st Jan to 15th April): During this
season there is maximum production of milk in
the country.
Lean Season (16th April to 30th July) : Minimum
production of milk in the country due to high
environmental temperature, less green fodder
availability and natural reproduction cycle of
animals.
Semi-flush season (1st Aug to 31st Dec):In this
season about 70-80 % milk production in the
country

24. Housing
Housing of animal is the most important factor in
dairy farming. A good housing leads to good
management practices and ultimately optimum
production. Different types of housing of dairy
animals are:
 Free stall
 Tie Stall
 Loose Housing system

25. Free Stall
 Free stall is the recommended system of housing
for successful dairy farming. Here cows are kept
free except at the time of milking. Resting area is
divided into stalls or cubicles. Cows are not
restrained in the resting area (free stall / cubicle)
and are free to enter, lie down, rise up, and leave
the stall whenever they desire.

26. Tie Stall
 In tie stall most of the system components are
contained in the same structure. This type of
housing is not preferred in modern dairy farming.
In this type of housing system there are two or
more rows of tie stalls with a manure gutter, feed
manger and service alley for each row:

27. Loose Housing
 In loose housing system animals are not tied and
there is no provision of stalls. Here animals are
free to move in an open area. In this system there
is a sloped roof with feeding table in the centre
serving two sides at a time. On both sides there is
a concrete feed alley of about 2 meters. There is
a water trough for 24 hours availability of water.
Each animal should have 50-75 feet2 shaded
area and 90-120 feet2 open area.

28. Calf Housing
 Till weaning or until calves attain a body weight of
about 90 kg, they should preferably be kept in
individual pens. These pens may also be
moveable.

29. Milking Method
 Basically there are two methods of milking:
 Hand milking
 Machine milking.

30. Breeding
 Breeding in Pakistan
 Buffalo Breeds
 Cattle Breeds
 Cross Breeds
 Exotic Breeds
 Goat Breeds
 Sheep Breeds

31. Buffalo Breed
BUFFALO AREA MILK YIELD
(LITRES)
NILLI-RAVI Found in central-
punjab
1800-2500
KUNDHI Found in Sindh 1700-2200
AZI-KHELI Swat-district 1600-1800
Source: http://www.pakdairyinfo.com

32. Nilli-ravi
kundhi
Azi-kheli

34. Cattle Breed
CATTLE AREA MILK
YIELD(LITRES)
Sahiwal cattle Punjab 1500-2200
Red-Sindhi Thatta and dadu
disrict
1200-2000
Cholistani Rahim yar district 1200-1800
Achai-cow North-western(KPK) 1000-1200
Exotic-breed Holland 7200-9000
Source: http://www.pakdairyinfo.com

35. Cross Breed
 Crossbred animals are the combination of two or
more breeds. In the process of cross breeding
characteristics of two or more good breeds are
combined.

36. Exotic Breed
 Holstein/ Friesian
This is an exotic breed and originated from Fries
Land in Holland.
Range of average daily milk production may be 22-
30 Litres

37. Exotic Breed
 Jersey
This breed is originated from Jersey islands close
to England. This breed is well known around the
world for tits high fat and yellow milk. Its milk is
liked in the world for its great cheese making
ability.
Daily milk production 18-22 liters.

38. Goat & Sheep Farming
 Sheep and goat farming in Pakistan is very
common and popular. Many people of Pakistan
prefer the goat and sheep farming business.
Goats are known as „poor man‟s cow‟
 About 90% of total goat population of the world
can be found in the developing countries
 Sheep farming is among the traditional business
and occupations of the people of some countries
around the world.
 Sheep farming means „rearing sheep
commercially for the purpose of meat, milk and
wool production‟

39. Benefits
 Goats and Sheep are comparatively cheaper to
buy and sell than cattle.
 Easy to maintain than any other livestock.
 You can easily manage goats and sheep with
other livestock animals and crop production.
 Raising goats and sheep is very easy and simple.
Even children and women can easily raise and
take good care of them
 Goat farming in Pakistan costs less than
establishing any other livestock animal farming
business.
 Require comparatively less labor and
management

40. Goat Breeds
 High quality and healthy goat breed plays an
important role in their overall production.
 Beetal, Barpari, Pak Angora, Dera Din Panah,
Chapper, Bilkaneri, Kamori, Ieddy, Kaghani,
Nachi, Khurasani, Tappray, Pateri, Kapla Gulabi
etc.
 Are very suitable for farming according to the
climate of Pakistan.
 All goats produce skin. But Beetal, Dera Din
Panah and Nachi produce high quality skin.

41. Sheep Breeds
 The farmers should not only select good quality
breed which can bring better results for fattening
but also select most suitable animals from the
selected breed.
 Through better management, the weight gain of
these selected breeds would be higher. The most
suitable breeds for fattening include “Baluchi”,
“Harnai” and “Bibrik” sheep.

42. Baluchi
 Baluchi sheep is a large sized fat tailed breed,
found in Central, Southern and some South-
western parts of the Balochistan.
 It is used for meat and milk. Body weight of adult
varies between 35 and 40 Kg, milk yield is
between 40-50 kg

43. Bibrik
 It is a fat and short tailed, mutton type sheep that
is found in parts of.
 Loralai Kohlu, Bugti, Barkhan, Musakhel and Sibi
districts in Balochistan province. It is a medium
size breed. Body colour is white with black or
brown head. The wool yield is about 1.7 kg.
 Average adult live-weight is 27 kg.

44. Harnai
 Harnai is a fat tail, mutton / wool type breed. It is
found in parts of Loralai, Quetta, Sibi and Zhob
districts in Balochistan.
 The wool yield is 2.6 kg .Its wool is dense and
heavy. Average adult body weight is around 30-32
kg. The breed also produces excellent quality
mutton.

45. Bacterial Diseases
• Mastitis
 Tuberculosis
 Paratuberculosis
 Anthrax
 Haemorrhagic Septicemia
 Black Leg Disease
 Actinobacillosis
 Actinomycosis
 Bacillary Haemoglobinuria
 Enterotoxemia

46. Viral Diseases
 FMD
 Cow Pox
 Rabies
Protozoal Diseases
 Babeisiasis
 Anaplasmosis
 Theileriasis
 Listeriosis

47. MILK PRODUCTS
MILK CREAM: contains 18%-40% fat
EXAMPLE:
 Light cream and coffee cream
 Whipped cream
CONCENTRATED MILK PRODUCTS: Water removal for long
restoration
EXAMPLE:
Skimmed milk
vitamin D concentrated milk
FLAVOURED MILK PRODUCTS: Emulsifier, butter fat and
egg-yolk to enhance flavour.
Example:
banana
chocolate and other flavoured milk.

48. FROZEN MILK PRODUCTS
 Ice-cream
DRY MILK PRODUCTS
 Powder milk
CULTURED MILK PRODUCTS
Acidified milk products. Specific bacteria
Example:
 yogurt
cheese
lassi

49. Pasteurising
milk storage
Raw milk
cooling
Distribution and
warehousing
UHT
treatmen
t
Raw milk
storage
Raw milk
reception
Milk
pasteurization
Homo genization
Standardization

50.  Livestock product total exports are $457 million.
 Livestock product exports are meat, live animal, raw
wool, rugs, leather products, hides, skins and footwear.
 Major export markets are Germany, Japan, UK, Hong
Kong, & OIC countries.

51.  About 40% of powdered milk is imported from Ireland
and 40% form Holland and Sweden and rest of
European countries.
 Total milk and milk food imports are $ 112.4 million in
2012-13. They were $134.4 million in 2011-12

52.  Slaughterhouse
 Meat processing house
 Restaurants
 Fertilizers
 Dairy products(powdered milk, cream, butter, cheese,
canned milk, flavored milk)
 Khoya
 Lassi
 Yogurt
 Leather goods
 Cosmetics
 Plastic Industry
 Soap
 Chewing gum
 Medicines
 Transportation
 Ice cream
 Ghee
 Waxed paper (tallow)
 Fiber..etc.
 Land availability
 Medicines
 Agriculture…Feed (green
grass and feed concentrate
like cotton seed,wheat
barn, maize etc.)

55. How is Synthetic Milk
prepared?
 The synthetic milk technology was invented by
milkmen of Kurukshetra (Haryana) about 15
years.
 Synthetic milk is prepared by mixing urea, caustic
soda, refined oil (cheap cooking oil) and common
detergents
 The cost of preparing synthetic milk is less than
Rs. 5 per liter
 Urea and caustic soda are very harmful to heart,
lever and kidneys.

56. How is Synthetic Milk
prepared?
 Urea is an additional burden for kidneys as they
have to do more work to remove urea from the
body.
 Caustic soda which contains sodium acts as slow
poison for those suffering from hypertension and
heart ailment

58. Issues and
Constraints
 Poor availability of nutrients
 Animal health issues
 Issues related to marketing
 Lack of value addition facilities
 Issue of peri-urban dairy colonies
 Institutional constraints
 Potential threats to livestock breeds

59. Issues and
Constraints
 Insufficient extension services
 Low productivity of dairy animals
 Poor performance of livestock services
 Lack of policy
 Poor development of milk processing indstry
 Environmental issues due to increasing
animal population

61. Strengths
 Concentrated production.
 Favorable breeding backgrounds.
 Relatively cheap farmland.
 High domestic consumption
 Good milk quality.
 Major source of food, i.e. Milk& Meat
 Ample human resource employment sector.
 Low cost living standard.
 Full family involvement, Devoted & Hardworking
Sector

62. Weaknesses
 High production costs.
 Low levels of bulk feed production.
 Poor management level in quite a few cases.
 Lack of education and initiative in farmer.
 Unorganized sector, unaware of basic farm
management practices.
 No or low application of research work and
pedigree record keeping.

63. Opportunities
 Govt. of Pakistan & Sate Bank of Pakistan priority
sector.
 Dairy products needs are much higher than
supply.
 Commercially viable sector with great credit
potential and absorption capacity.
 Vast range of area of operation, more needs and
scope of development.
 Value added dairy products are in demand.
 Cooperatives can play a big role for development
in dairy sector like India.

64. Threats
 High risks of diseases in livestock.
 Imbalance between prices of inputs & outputs.
 Rising trend of cost of production with higher rate
of interest as compared to profit ratio.
 Increasing level of poverty.

65. Recommendation
 Allowing import of high yielding animals
 Semen and embryos for crossbreeding
 Extension improvement and modernization of
laboratory
facilities to diagnose and treat livestock diseases
 Expanding animal health service
 Duty free import of veterinary dairy and livestock
machinery/ equipment
 Allowing import of feed inputs and vaccines at
zero rate