1. Suez Canal University
Faculty of engineering
Mechanical department
Graduation project
Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
Under supervision of
Prof. Dr. Sayed Ibrahim Abdel-mageed
Dr. Tamer Ismail

2. Team work
Mohamed Abdelaty Saleh Barakat
Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed Bayoumi
Mohamed Adel Mohamed Fathy
Abdel-Rahman Samir Abd al-Sadiq
Mohamed Mohsen Mohammed
Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed
Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel

3. Concept of Chemical-looping combustion
-Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology
with separation of the greenhouse gas CO2.
-The technique involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen
carrier which transfers oxygen from combustion air to the
fuel, and hence a direct contact between air and fuel is
avoided
-The defining feature of chemical-looping combustion is the
circulation of oxygen carrier particles between two main
reactors.

5. Components of project

8. Experimental procedure
1- Scale weight of coal or solid fuel to use for experiments after
choose the diameter fuel.
2- Putting coal in the combustion chamber and make sure that
the door is closed well.
3- Make sure all the electrical and mechanical connections for
blower, thermocouple and digital reading are alright.
4- Write initial reading of temperature through digital reading.
5- Open source of natural gas or LPG and open the burner.
6- After the stability of the flame turn on the blower.

9. 7- Start reading temperatures for each thermocouple for fixed
time period.
8- Stop the source of the natural gas or LPG and continued air
source (blower).
9- At the same time we measured properties of the exhaust out
of the chimney.

10. General view of project

11. experiments and Results discussion
Dimensions of thermocouples on Y axis

12. (1) 300 gm of coal with 2 cm diameter without CLC Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
Max temperature = 114 oC
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

13. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min

14. (2) 300 gm of coal with 4 cm diameter without CLC Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
Cut of LPG after 1 min
Max temperature = 452 oC after five minutes
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

15. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=3min
t=5min
t=7min
t=9min
t=11min
t=13min

16. (3) 300 gm of coal with 6 cm diameter without CLC Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
Cut of LPG after 1 min
Max temperature = 378 oC after 5.5 minutes
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

17. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
maximum temperature at the same condition was 378 oC after
5.5 minutes and it lower than temperature when we use 4 cm
diameter so we should try diameter between 4cm and 6cm.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=9min
t=10min
t=11min

18. (4) 300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter without CLC Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
Cut of LPG after 2 min
Max temperature = 560 oC after 3.5 minutes
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

19. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=9min

20. (5) Fuel used only LPG without CLC Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
Temperature directly proportional with time
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

21. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
highest temperature is 560 oC after 3.3 minutes when we used 5
cm diameter So all improvements will be on this diameter.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min
t=7min

22. Improvement (1)
300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and continuous LPG with CLC
Insulation.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

23. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min

24. Improvement (2)
300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter with CLC Insulation and
preheat.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

25. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=9min
t=10min

26. Improvement (3)
300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and continuous LPG with CLC
Insulation and preheat.
Temperature at center of CLC with time change
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temperature
time (sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

27. Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Temperature
y / Y
t=1min
t=2min
t=3min
t=4min
t=5min
t-6min

28. Temperature distribution along X axis
For 300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter with CLC Insulation and
preheat.
For each thermocouple make with change of X axis as figure at
center of pipe and two positions before and after center.

29. Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (4)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Temperature
X axis (cm)
t=1min
t=2min
t=4min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=10min

30. Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (5)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Temperature
X axis (cm)
t=1min
t=2min
t=4min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=10min

31. Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (6)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Temperature
X axis (cm)
t=1min
t=2min
t=4min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=10min

32. Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (7)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Temperature
X axis (cm)
t=1min
t=2min
t=4min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=10min

33. Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (8)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Temperature
X axis (cm)
t=1min
t=2min
t=4min
t-6min
t=7min
t=8min
t=10min

34. Exhaust Measuring devices
Orsat (kane 400)
It's gas analyzer use for knowing the emission properties

35. It use to measure CO PPM, CO2, O2 and CO / CO2
How the device uses?
Pressed this button to turn on the device
The device will take 180 sec to make calibration.
Then press this button to pull the emission
through pipe.
The device measures the emission component and
shows the result on screen.
Use this button to change between results on screen.

36. Use this button when we want to print the
reading and this device operates with
Bluetooth with printer.
Change between used fuels and device properties.

37. emission properties
First experiment
300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and CLC Insulation
0.5 HP blower

38. So we make assumption, there is incomplete combustion and
from that we must increase amount of air.
We will use blower 1 HP instead of 0.5 HP to make complete
combustion.

39. Second experiment
300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and CLC Insulation
1 HP blower.
These experimental give more improvement and high
temperature (max temp = 760 oC)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
temperature
time(sec)
th:1
th:2
th:3
th:4
th:5
th:6
th:7
th:8

40. But by measuring emission properties appear that Carbon
monoxide increase but slower than last experimental and after
short time orsat give same reading.

41. Third experiment
Fuel used is LPG only CLC Insulated and preheated 1 HP blower
The orsat pump pulls emission for 12sec.
Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
temperature
y / Y
t=20 min
t=20min

42. By measure exhaust properties after 2min from combustion start
we got these results.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
COppm
time ( min)
CO
After 2 minute CO is 337 ppm and after 8 minute reach to 1810 ppm

43. CO2 (percent of exhaust emission)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CO2%
time (min )
After 2 minute CO2 is 4.7% and after 8 minute reach to 7.7%

44. ratio CO / CO2
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ratioCO/CO2
time (min)
Due to increase of CO and CO2 the ratio between CO / CO2
increased from 0.007 to 0.018

45. O2 (percent of exhaust emission)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
O2%
time ( min)
Oxygen percent decreased from 13.9% to 9.5%

46. Steps of use metal powder.
1- Input metal powder from metal powder input valve.
2- Turn on air compressor to oxidize metal powder.
3- Increase air pressure to Move air to cyclone.
4- Turn on all valves which related to oxygen carrier process.
Specification of metal powder we use.
Metal powder: iron (Fe) free carbon with 150 micro meter
diameter
It's the most common and one of the cheapest metals available
in nature

47. first experiment with the use of metal powder
-Fuel used is LPG only CLC Insulated and preheated 1 HP blower
The orsat pump pulls emission for 12sec
-We used 150 gm of metal powder
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
COppm
time(min)
CO
After 2 minute CO is 221 ppm and after 8 minute reach to 759 ppm

48. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CO2%
time(min)
CO2
CO2
After 2 minute CO2 is 7.1% and after 8 minute reach to 11.4%

49. Due to decrease of CO and increase of CO2 the ratio between
CO / CO2 changed from 0.003 to 0.007
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ratioCO/CO2
time(min)
ratio CO / CO2

50. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
O2%
time(min)
O2 %
Oxygen percent decreased from 13.7% to 9.2%

51. Second experiment with the use of metal powder
Fuel used is coal with 5 cm.
CLC Insulated and preheated.
1 HP blower.
The orsat pump pulls for 12sec.
200 gm of metal powder.
By measure exhaust properties after 1 min after cut off LPG
source we got these results

52. After 1 minute CO is 583 ppm and after 8 minute reach
to 1864 ppm
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
COppm
time ( min)
CO

53. After 1 minute CO2 is 6.4% and after 8 minute reach to 12.9%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CO2%
time (min)
CO2

54. Due to decrease of CO and increase of CO2 the ratio between
CO / CO2 changed from 0.008 to 0.021
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ratioCO/CO2
time (min)
ratio CO / CO2

55. Oxygen percent decreased from 12.9% to 8.5%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
O2%
time (min)
O2

56. From previous experiments we Note that.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 2 4 6 8 10
COppm
time ( min)
CO
Coal 5 cm diameter
• Before use metal powder CO is very high more than 4000 ppm
• After use metal powder CO decrease to be maximum 1864 ppm
When we use metal powder carbon dioxide decreased by 53.4%.

57. Fuel used only LPG
• Before use metal powder maximum value of CO is 1810 ppm
• After use metal powder CO decrease to be maximum 759
ppm
When we use metal powder carbon dioxide decreased by
55.5%.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 2 4 6 8 10
COppm
time(min)
CO
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 2 4 6 8 10
COppm
time ( min)
CO

58. Conclusion and recommend for future work
From previous experiments we find that the best experiment
when we use cal 5cm diameter with continues LPG but there
are problems Pressure of LPG and flow rate not constant so we
recommend using regulator to keep pressure and flow rate
constant.

59. Troubles that may hinder the experiments and its Remedies
1- Exhaust has high percent of carbon monoxide (CO).
Possible troubles.
• Blower doesn't work effectively.
• Low amount of metal powder used.
• Insufficient time to oxidize or reoxidation metal powder.
Remedies.
• Check blower or change blower motor.
• Increase amount of metal powder.
• Decrease pressure of compressor.

60. 2- The fire exit from burner place.
Possible troubles.
• Result of collection of ash has been clogging the grate of
coal-bearing.
• Coal input to combustion chamber is too much.
Remedies.
• Clean the combustion chamber by blower or compressed
air.
• Reduce amount of Coal input to combustion chamber.

61. 3- Extinguish burner flame after turn on blower.
Possible troubles.
• Low pressure of gas source (LPG).
• Blower make high air flow rate.
• Gas valve semi closed.
Remedies.
• Change gas source (LPG).
• Chang blower motor.
• Open gas valve.

62. 4- Exhaust exit from cyclone.
Possible trouble.
• Back pressure from chimney.
Remedy.
• Install chimney caps to prevent Back pressure.

63. 5- Digital reading show low temperature.
Possible troubles.
• Uses low coal diameter for solid fuel.
• Low flow rate of gas for LPG or natural gas.
• Separate gas source early before solid fuel burned well.
• Clogging the grate of coal-bearing and that prevent air to
arrive to combustion chamber.
• The gate of fuel input Leaking heat.
Remedies.
• Increases coal diameter.
• Increase flow rate of gas for LPG or natural gas.
• Don't separate gas source until make sure solid fuel burned
well.
• Clean the combustion chamber by blower or compressed air.
• Isolate the gate of fuel input.