Computer Network

1. BY:
MOHAMMAD NOR IHSAN BIN MD ZIN
Department of information and communication technology
Mukah polytechnic
T H E
I N T R O D U C T I O N
O F I P v 6
1

2. ABSTRACT
Objective
• To explain the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in
a simple way so this new technology can be
understand by technical and non-technical persons.
Scope
• The introduction of IPv6
• Brief comparison between IPv4 and IPv6
• The needs of migration from IPv4 to IPv6.
2

3. IPv6
• Internet Protocol Version 6
(IPv6)
• IP next generation (IPng)
• 128 bit space
• 8 octats of hexadecimal
notation with separated by a
colon.
I n t r o d u c t i o n
3

4. IPv6
• Each octat has 16-bit space
• Identified by a hexadecimal
number in the range of 0000
to FFFF
• Example:
2001:0D48:1234:FE00:0000:
87C0:0ED2:AB72
T h e ‘ O c t a t ’
4

5. IPv6
A d d r e s s Ty p e
Unicast Address
Multicast
Address Anycast Address
5

6. IPv6
A d d r e s s Ty p e
Unicast is an address of a
single interface and give one-
to-one packet delivery to single
interface.
6

7. IPv6
A d d r e s s Ty p e
Multicast is an address of a set
of interfaces. Multicast address
type allows one-to-many
packet delivery to all interfaces
in that set.
7

8. IPv6
A d d r e s s Ty p e
Anycast is address of a set of
interfaces which allows one-to-
one-of-many packet delivery to
a single interface in the set,
that is closest from the origin.
8

9. IPv6
A n y c a s t v s U n i c a s t ?
Anycast address can identifies multiple interface,
but only deliver packets to a single interface, which
is the nearest address in term of routing distance.
In order to facilitate delivery to the nearest anycast
group member, the routing infrastructure must be
aware of the interfaces that are assigned anycast
addresses and their distances in terms of routing
metrics. (Microsoft, 2005)
9

10. IPv6
A d d r e s s S c o p e
Some IPv6 addresses are unique only in a subnet or a
local network (link-local scope), others are unique in
private networks or between organizations (unique-
local scope or sometimes named as Site-local), while
still others are globally unique (global scope), that is,
everywhere in the Internet. (Cisco System, Inc., 2011)
10

11. IPv6
A d d r e s s S c o p e
Global
Site-Local
Link-Local
11

12. IPv6
L i n k - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e
• Enables communication within local link (local
physical network) only.
• Equivalent to Automatic Private IP Addressing
(APIPA) in IPv4 (automatically assigns an
autoconfiguration address) - in the range of
169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 - whenever a node
is unable to find IP address and subnet mask at
DHCP server.
12

13. IPv6
L i n k - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e
• It is a non-routed common access network.
• The first 10 bits of link-local IP address is set to
1111111010, which is equals to FE80 when it is
converted to hexadecimal.
• a link-local IP address is always begins with FE80.
13

14. IPv6
S i t e - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e
• Equivalent with private IPv4 addresses
• Packets are routed within an organization , and not
outside it on the public internet.
• In IPv4, these addresses are 10.0.0.0/8,
172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16.
• IPv6’s site-local addresses have set the first 10 bits
to 1111111011, which equals to FEC0.
14

15. IPv6
G l o b a l A d d r e s s S c o p e
• Allows computers to communicate on the internet.
• The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
is being delegates the current global address’s
prefix as 2000::/3.
15

16. IPv4 versus IPv6
This paper only cover the general different between IPv4 and IPv6.
Features IPv4 IPv6
Notation Dotted Decimal Notation
Example:
10.0.1.100
Hexadecimal Notation with Colon
Example:
2001:03BB:B5A1:52FF:
FEA5:4564:0112:1202
Address Size 32-bits 128-bits
Number of
Address
232 =
4,294,967,296 Addresses
2128 =
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374
,607,431,768,211,459 Addresses
Packet
Broadcast
- Support broadcasting - No broadcasting, IPv6 using
multicast.
16

17. Why Do We Need IPv6?
17

18. Why Do We Need IPv6?
No IP address
=
No Internet Access
18

19. Why Do We Need IPv6?
• IPv6 provides at least 340 trillion trillion trillion IP
addresses - will give a unique IP address for every
single device.
• IPv6 support multihoming, which mean for every
single device, there might be multiple different IPv6
addresses.
W h y U s e I P v 6 ?
19

20. Why Do We Need IPv6?
• Enables computer or device to connected to more
than one network as it can be assigned with multiple
IP addresses.
• With this service, a computer may have connection to
more than one Internet Service Provide (ISP), which
will provide redundancy and increase reliability of
an IP network.
W h y U s e I P v 6 ?
20

21. Why Do We Need IPv6?
• Supported by the growth of billions of new devices
and technologies - smartphones, tablets, laptops,
home appliance, smart cars, IPTV, radio streamming
and so forth.
• The increasing number of users and demands for
“always-on” access technologies are also influencing
the need to switch to IPv6.
W h y U s e I P v 6 ?
21

22. Why Do We Need IPv6?
M a l a y s i a n G o v e r n m e n t Ta rg e t
ISPs Level
2006
National Level
(Dual-Stack)
End 2013
National Level
(Native IPv6)
2015
(Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, 2008)
The concept of dual-stack approach in deployment of IPv6
means implementing both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously.
22

23. Why Do We Need IPv6?
I t i s S e c u r e ?
• IP Security (IPSec) is embedded into the IPv6
specification to manage encryption and
authentication between hosts.
• Enables secure data traffic between hosts that is
independent of any applications on either host.
• Provides an efficient end to end security
framework for data transfer at the host or the
network level. (What Is My IP Address., n.d.)
23

24. Conclusion
Whether we are ready or
not, IPv4 has been
exhausted.
Now, it is time to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6!
24

25. Thank You
T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N O F I P v 6
25
This paper was reviewed by Dr. Che Ahmad Bukhari bin Che Ujang (UPM)
on 5th December 2013.