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Pharm immuno14&15 cancer & transplantpor
- 1. Pharm-Immunology-14 & 15 Immunology of Cancer & Transplants Hussein
- 19. Pulsing of dendritic cells
- 21. Antihelminthic, immune Response enhancer
- 22. Augmenting the host response by specific immunotherapy
- 27. NORMAL RANGE
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Fig. 10-1
- CALLA: Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CD10) sIgM – Signal IgM as sign of maturity of B cell
- Fig 20-5
- Fig. 20.6 Tc cells taken from a mouse immunized with a tum- variant tumor: They kill tumor cells coated with a peptide from the tum- gene sequence They do not kill tumor cells coated with the homologous peptide from the parental tumor The two peptides differ in one amino acid
- vi. Role in immunosurveillance (T cell-deficient nude mice w/o high incidence of spontaneous tumors
- cachectin ka-kek c tin A polypeptide cytokine, produced by endotoxin-activated macrophages , which has the ability to modulate adipocyte metabolism, lyse tumor cells in vitro, and induce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain transplantable tumors in vivo. Syn: tumor necrosis factor. Origin [G. kakos, bad, + hexis, condition of body] (SEE ABBAS, P. 367/68)
- glycocalyx A PAS-positive filamentous coating on the apical surface of certain epithelial cells, composed of carbohydrate moieties of proteins that protrude from the free surface of the plasma membrane. Origin [glyco- + G. kalyx, husk, shell] PAS para-aminosalysylic acid.periodic acid-Schiff stain
- Fig. 20-12 From Roitt et al
- GM-CSF (granulocyte, macrophage-colony stimulating factor). idiotype id cT - b -t U p Collection of idiotopes within the variable region that confers on an immunoglobulin molecule an antigenic “individuality” and is frequently a unique attribute of a given antibody in a given animal. It is the product of a limited number of B lymphocyte clones ; also found on the T-cell receptor . See: idiotope [single antigenic determinant of an idiotype] . Origin [idio- + G. typos, model] idiotope id cT - b t b p Single antigenic determinant of an idiotype. See Also: idiotypic antigenic determinant. Syn: idiotypic antigenic determinant. Origin [idio- + -tope] set of idiotopes
- Fig 10-5 Tumor-specific immune responses may be stimulated by vaccinating with host dendritic cells that have been pulsed (incubated) with tumor antigens (A) or with plasmids containing complementary DNAs encoding tumor antigens that are injected directly into patients or used to transfect dendritic cells (B) or by vaccinating with tumor cells transfected with genes encoding B7 costimulators or the T cell growth factor interleukin-2 (C)
- FIG. 20.23, ROITT, ET AL
- FIG 20-18
- FIG. 20-19: ROITT ET AL -98
- Rg. 20.20 Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are used to enhance immune responses to turnours and fall into four major groups. Broadly speaking, bacterial products have adjuvant effects on macrophages (see Chapters 17 and 19); a variety of synthetic polymers, nucleotides and polynucleotides induce IFN production and release; the cytokines administered directly act on macrophages and NK cells, and a variety of hormones including the thymic hormones can be used to enhance T-cell function. (MVE = maleic anhydride divinyl ether; TNF = tumour necrosis factor; poly 1: C = polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.)
- Fig 20.21 Genetically engineered chimeric Abs with human Fc portion attached to mouse Fab 2 reduce the risk of an immune response to the mAb Human Fc will also recruit human effector mechanisms Molecules that can be coupled to mAbs Toxins Cytotoxic drugs or enzymes capable of activating drugs Radioactive isotopes
- Bone marrow containing tumor cell can be purged using mAbs and complement, Ab-toxin conjugates or Ab coupled to magnetic beads Store purged marrow Treat patient with radiation and chemotherapy Treat purged marrow with anti-tumor Ab Return bone marrow to patient Therapy results are encouraging in leukemia and lymphoma patients who where not helped by conventional therapy
- 1- Circulating tumor markers are diagnostic: i. -fetoprotein hepatic carcinoma ii. Carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA) colorectal carcinoma iii. GM1 monosialoganglioside in 96% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma 2- Monoclonal Ab to tumor surface antigens can provide a basis for imaging. Good targets include: i. F19 glycoprotein on reactive stromal fibroblasts ii. Certain tumor mucins/epithelial cancers(Thomson-Friedenreich or T antigen) iii. Cytokeratin on carcinoma cells 3- Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis using immunocytochemistry techniques provides information on: i. Prognosis ii. Efficacy of a new therapy iii. Eventual recurrence of treated cancer
- NORMAL RANGE = 8 NG/ML
- Parents: AA x BB Gametes: A, B F1: AB A ---to- A & B -- B Accepted A ---- B and B --- A Rejection 3. (Parent) A -------- F1 Hybrid: AB Result: Graft accepted because we introduce A antigen from parent to F1 recipient who has the same antigen A. No immune response needed The reverse is rejected: AB (F1) ----------- A Parent AB (F1) ----------- B Parent Result: Rejection because the recipient A does not have B antigen. Therefore, it will have immune reaction with Ab and T cells against B antigens; and Rejection because the recipient B does not have A antigen. Therefore, it will have immune reaction with Ab and T cells against A antigens. Fourth Law: Parents: AA x BB Gametes: A, B F1: AB Gametes: (A, B) x (A, B) F2: AA, 2AB, BB Transplant from any F2 individual (AA, AB, or BB) --------- F1 Hybrid (AB) must lead to acceptance because AB has all transplanted antigens Conclusion: Genes (and antigens) of each F2 individual are represented in F1 individuals. Thus, F1 individuals have no antibodies against F2 individuals and higher generation.
- Fig. 10-6
- Fig 10-7
- Fig 10-8
- intimal Relating to the intima or inner coat of a vessel. DTH: delayed type hypersensitivity
- III. Rejections A. Host-versus-Graft Rejection 1. First Set Rejection 2. Second Set Rejection (Acute) 3. Hyperacute Rejection 4. Chronic Graft Rejection
- 6. Characteristics: i. Acute : epithelial cell necrosis in GI, liver and skin ii. Chronic : fibrosis and atrophy of GI, liver and skin; no epithelial necrosis