Glass: Future Applications & Market Demands - focus on raw materials
•
4 gefällt mir•3,005 views
Modern glass technologies has brought an abundance of new applications to our lives. The change to thin TV and computer screens and the incredibly tough glass on our smartphones etc are just two examples. This presentation shows the manufacturing technologies which have reshaped the way glass can be produced to create electricity from transparent cells, to allow for adjustable light entry as well as privacy in hospitals etc. The presentation also mentions the enormous advantages of recycling glass in a world where sustainability has become an issue. What are the new applications for glass and what will be their future importance for the industrial minerals market? Presented by Murray Lines of Stratum Resources at June 2016 Prague Industrial Minerals International Congress and Exhibition
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (16)
Ähnlich wie Glass: Future Applications & Market Demands - focus on raw materials
Ähnlich wie Glass: Future Applications & Market Demands - focus on raw materials (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Glass: Future Applications & Market Demands - focus on raw materials
- 3. Agenda Glass intro ‐ a remarkable material Glass recycling – important for sustainability New glass technologies /applications by leading companies Industrial minerals involved Nano‐materials use in glass
- 5. Glass is everywhere • Almost no other man‐made material provides so many possibilities across so many industries & disciplines • Preferred for food & beverages • Important role in transportation • Key element in architecture & buildings • Part of renewable energy strategy • Crucial in modern communications • Many pharmaceutical, health & science applications. Glass is an unlimited material & the number of applications is constantly evolving & is often used in combination with other material for high‐tech applications.
- 6. Glass is a remarkable material • Transparency UV‐lamps, light protecting packaging • Chemical resistance packaging material for pharmaceuticals, labs • Temperature resistance halogen lamps, laboratory, flash lamps • Electrically insulating X‐ray tubes • Thermal expansion halogen lamps, solar receivers, flash lamps • Impermeability display industry, solar receiver, X‐ray tubes, halogen lamps • Refractive index fibre optics, light guides for endoscopy • Dielectric strength diodes • Mechanical properties various such as sprinklers in hotel room etc Glass properties Technical applications include Source: Schott literature
- 8. Glass manages solar heat by 3 mechanisms 1) Reflectance – the proportion of solar radiation reflected back into the atmosphere (2) Direct transmittance – the proportion of solar radiation transmitted directly through the glass (3) Absorptance – the proportion of solar radiation absorbed by the glass.
- 9. Soda‐lime‐silicate glass used in buildings Composition: • ‐ silica, the raw material, in the form of sand (70 ‐ 72 %) ‐ soda, the flux, as carbonate and sulphate (~ 14 %) ‐ lime, a stabiliser, in the form of limestone (~ 10 %) ‐ various other oxides such as alumina & magnesia, to improve the physical properties of the glass, including its resistance to atmospheric pollutants ‐ for body‐tinted glasses, metal oxides can also be incorporated • e.g. SGG PARSOL is a body‐tinted glass, manufactured in the same way as clear float glass but with additions of special metal oxides. • SGG PARSOL is intended for universal applications where an attractive appearance or basic solar control properties are required: ‐ Interior applications for decoration, fittings and furniture. ‐ External applications in single or double‐glazing, for facades & overhead glazing • ADVANTAGES • SGG PARSOL provides additional solar control to reduce the burden on air‐conditioning through the warmer months & also provides different colours
- 10. Due to its properties, glass is at the cutting‐edge of technology • Chemical : Corrosion resistance and Inertness • Thermal shock resistance • Optical : Reflects, bends, transmits and absorbs light • Electrical insulation • Mechanical: Surface is hard (scratch & abrasion resistant) & Elastic Glass has enabled huge progress in space exploration, medical research, optics and telecommunications
- 11. The future of glass is opening many opportunities • Research is opening up tremendous opportunities for the development of future glass products & the way we currently use glass in various applications. • Smart glass bottles & containers whose colour changes depending on the liquid temperature (medicines, wines, perishable products, etc.) • Photovoltaic sunroof to provide electricity to hybrid & electric vehicles • Architectural glass for temperature control, self cleaning, aesthetics , fire control etc • Complex glass shapes & improved insulation properties to free architects from constraints • Better performing photovoltaic electricity generation equipment whose integration would become easier to fulfil most of our energy needs. In China a smart window has been designed to save & generate energy using VO2 as a transparent coating . Photo Reuters
- 12. Sustainability & the Environment • Glass is a sustainable, fully recyclable material which provides great environmental benefits. • Low energy light globes. • Glass can help to save energy. • insulating glass for windows • light ‐weighting reinforcement glass fibre used in auto & aviation • Fibreglass is used in wind turbines, using light weight reinforcement glass fibres • CFL lights use 1/3 ‐1/5 power & last 8‐15 times longer Source: USGS
- 13. The Benefits of recycling Saving landfill space • Recyclable material makes up ~ 80% of total household waste, so every item recycled is one less to be buried in our rapidly filling landfills. What’s more ‐ glass takes ~ a million years to break down naturally. This means that every piece of glass that has ever been sent to landfill is still sitting there – taking up valuable space. Conserving natural resources • Each glass bottle recycled keeps valuable non‐renewable resources such as bauxite, iron‐ore and sand in the ground. • Because recycled glass takes less energy to manufacture than producing glass from virgin materials, finite natural resources such as natural gas is saved. • As more countries become developed increasing waste is a growing issue.
- 15. FERVER • Life Cycle Thinking, Recyclability, Recycling & collection targets • End of Waste: transforming waste into a product • End of Life of Vehicles: automotive glass • Heavy metals, Vitroceramics • Glass recycling targets • Carbon emissions • Use of aggregates • sustainability • FERVER is the association of glass recycling companies in Europe. • Members are spread over 16 countries. • 70% of glass is recycled by Ferver members. Website: www.ferver.be/en Batch contains ~26% recycled glass cullet
- 17. Recycling of Glass – beneficial & profitable • The use of cullet reduces energy and raw material needs, CO2 emissions and the use of landfill sites. • Consumers often come in contact with recycled products without knowing it. • Besides new glass containers, recycled glass is also used for products such as glass wool & foamed glass. • Glass wool is used for wall & ceiling insulation & foamed glass aggregate is mostly used in construction and to protect infrastructure & buildings against frost heave in cold climates.
- 20. Foam Glass requires fine Glassflour • For the Foamglass production there are demands as: • Foam Glass gravel Glassflour < 100 micron ) • Foam Glass fine balls 0,1‐10 mm Glassflour < 40 micron ) • Boards or Blocks of Foam Glass : Glassflour < 25 micron
- 21. Foam Glass in Construction • What is Foam Glass and what it is used for ? • Foam Glass is made from recycled glass & constitutes of millions of closed , gas filled cells. • Foam Glass is a porous expanded material mostly granular, which is used in civil constructions due to porousity proporties it is used mostly as a thermal insulation material, bedding in road construction, flat roof insulation, for soil water barrier, • it increases the compressive strength of construction materials , is waterproof, non‐rotting, odourless, fire‐resistant…
- 22. Glass bottles& float glass offcuts Glassflour Grinding & classifying Product Foam Glass Raw material Cleaning & drying to <8% moisture Heating & air injection to produce bubbles
- 23. Alpine Classifier Ventoplex • energy efficient classifier • with integrated ventilator • fineness d97 in the range 30 µm to 800 µm adjustable • model range: throughput from 1 t/h to 30 t/h Concepts and Machine Designs: Foam Glass production needs top cut limiting of the glass flour. The ball mill runs in a loop with an air swept classifier…. fine coarse feeding
- 27. High index glass beads for reflective road signs etc •High Index Standard (180‐250 microns) High Performance reflective glass beads made using a unique manufacturing process. •“Auto glass offcuts” are melted in a vertical drop furnace into highly reflective materials & shaped to fine glass beads. • These beads offer high performance & durability due to their extremely smooth surfaces, greater than > 98 % roundness & less than 1% air inclusions. • Applications include reflective sheeting, high performance road & airport lines, signs, reflective paints etc. •Type 3 beads have a refractive index of >1.93 Potters USA
- 28. Benefits of Smart Glass Technologies • Suspended particle devices (SPD) • In suspended particle devices (SPDs), a thin film laminate of rod‐like nano‐ scale particles is suspended in a liquid and placed between two pieces of glass or plastic, or attached to one layer. • When no voltage is applied, the suspended particles are randomly organized, thus blocking & absorbing light. • When voltage is applied, the suspended particles align & let light pass. • Varying the voltage of the film varies the orientation of the suspended particles, thereby regulating the tint of the glazing & the amount of light transmitted. • Other smart glass technologies include: • Electro‐chromic • Photo‐chromic • Thermo‐chromic • Micro‐blind • Polymer dispersed liquid crystal devices Source: Genesisnanotechnology
- 29. In‐Cell Touch Technology • In‐cell technology refers to a standard of displays that emerged in 2012 & allow mobile devices to be thinner & lighter even though larger in size. • In‐cell displays are revolutionary in the sense that they combine a digitizer, use touch input, & integrate an LCD screen into a single‐layer display. • Also in‐cell technology displays provide better resolution than standard LCD screens. • In‐cell displays emerged in 2012 that Apple's upgrade included this new technology to reduce the thickness of the screen. • Less advanced touchscreen devices, including many smartphones & tablets, tend to have two separate display layers that need to be combined internally.
- 31. HPA (High purity alumina/sapphire) Market Demand • The global HPA market was estimated at 19 ktpa in 2014 & is expected to increase to 48ktpa by 2018 • The global HPA market is used to produce: Light Emitting Diode (LED) products (55%), semiconductors (22%), phosphor plasma display panels (16%) & industrial/chemical/medical applications (7%). • HPA is increasing demand in electronic devices. • HPA’s superior qualities are pertinent features for a range of existing & new applications, e.g. sapphire glass for smartphones. • The price for the 4N HPA product is a high‐value product which ranges from US +$20/kg. Source: Altech Chemicals
- 33. Sun Partner Technology – Smart glass WYSIPS® TECHNOLOGIES (What You See Is Photovoltaic Surface) Transforms any surface into a solar panel that can generate electricity from natural or artificial light • Wysips® Glass is a transparent technology that integrates into the glazing & generates energy locally. • The window can then power its own features, such as electronic dimming, lighting, automated opening systems/alarms, or help power semi‐transparent screens integrated into the glazing. Wysips® Glass http://sunpartnertechnologies.com New partner
- 34. Quartz for lighting Four main quartz application types can be separated for lighting equipment: • Transparent vitreous silica for high‐ temperature devices (mercury, halogen lamp) • Transparent vitreous silica tubes with titanium dioxide additions (medical bactericidal lamps) • Transparent vitreous silica tubes with cerium additions, disabling ultraviolet radiation • Synthetic ultrapure silica tubes which applied as constructive elements of medical, chemical equipment & semiconductor devices Schott Glass tubing for Halogen lamps
- 35. Electronics Pure quartz glass crucible • The semiconductor industry needs high purity quartz. • Quartz crucibles (special shaped pots for metal melt), quartz tubes, other equipment (cuvettes, cups, containers) are used to obtain single‐ crystalline silicon. Quartz powder is needed to reduce losses of large diameter crucibles to reinforce their inner surface. • Electronic industry requires high purity quartz to avoid contamination during the process of silicon recovery. Quartz crucibles
- 36. Technical glass tubing ‐ Biofuel production Schott glass for algae cultivation ‐ • Closed looped systems made of Duran® glass. • A photo‐bioreactor uses a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms for biofuel production. • A photo‐bioreactor allows much higher growth rates & purity levels SCHOTT is a leading international technology group in the areas of specialty glass & glass‐ceramics.
- 37. Fibre Optics • Fibre optics is one of the most advanced and high‐ technology industry & it uses quartz for production of optical conductors. • Quartz tubes are used to spread finest fibre are made both from natural & synthetic quartz (from silicon tetrachloride) • Today, more than 2 billion km of optical fibre make up the world’s telecommunications network. • The vast majority of today’s voice, video, & data still zooms through optical fibre. (Source: www.corning.com)
- 38. Optics • Optical use of quartz is conditional upon its main characteristic that is a range of optical transmission including ultraviolet & infra‐red bands. • Uni‐component and multi‐component glass for different applications is “melted” based on quartz: • Optical systems • Telescopes • Gyroscopes • Thermal imagers • Microscopes • Objectives Source: Telescopemirrorblanks
- 39. “Super windows” for large commercial buildings • Pass light but reflect heat • This will save massive amounts of energy (both heating & cooling) • Thin film solar cell technologies • Potentially many buildings will be able to produce part of their own power requirements Source: Rocky Mountain Institute www.rmi.org & Inst of Photonic Sciences www.icfo.eu
- 41. Pyrex ™ Glass – addition of boric acid & lithium carbonate Pyrex has a droplet in matrix phase structure. The silicon dioxide creates the basic matrix. The borate material creates the droplets within that structure. The borate former can come from a material like sodium tetraborate. Prior to manufacture, this compound is chemically reduced with sulphuric acid to create boric acid. When boric acid is mixed with silicon dioxide and heated, it oxidises into boric oxide. Boric oxide is responsible for the unique Pyrex molecular structure & makes up anywhere ~ 5‐20% of Pyrex glass. Secondary ingredients used in glass production include fluxes, stabilizers, and colourants. Fluxes are included in glass mixtures to reduce the melting temperature of borosilicate glass. Fluxes used in manufacture include soda ash, potash, & lithium carbonate. They make up about 5% of a Pyrex glass composition.
- 42. Glass‐ceramics – useful thermomechanical properties • Glass‐ceramics involves a mix of lithium & alumino‐silicates giving an array of materials with useful thermomechanical properties. • A key property being impervious to thermal shock. • Glass‐ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. • The negative thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the crystalline ceramic phase can be balanced with the positive CTE of the glassy phase. • At a certain point (~70% crystalline) glass‐ceramic has a net CTE near zero. • Glass‐ceramics exhibits excellent mechanical properties & can sustain repeated & quick temperature changes up to 1000 °C
- 45. Corning’s proprietary fusion manufacturing process • This process is at the core of their leadership in glass technology & the cover glass industry. • This extraordinarily precise, highly automated draw process produces a thin sheet cover glass with pristine surface quality, outstanding optical clarity & inherent dimensional stability – qualities essential for cover glass for consumer applications. • The process begins when raw materials are blended into a glass composition, which is melted & conditioned. • The molten glass is fed into a trough called an “isopipe,” overfilling until the glass flows evenly over both sides. • It then fuses, at the bottom, where it is drawn down to form a continuous sheet of flat glass that is so thin it is measured in microns. • The glass is untouched by human hands or anything else that will introduce flaws into the surface.
- 46. Fusion process – designed by Corning • This same fusion process is at the heart of Corning’s industry‐ leading LCD glass. • The composition of Corning® Gorilla® Glass enables a deep layer of chemical strengthening through an ion‐exchange process where individual glass parts are cut from the “mother sheet” & undergo an ion‐exchange process.
- 47. Indium tin oxide (ITO) • ITO is a ternary composition of indium, tin & oxygen in varying proportions. • Depending on the oxygen content, it can either be described as a ceramic or alloy. • Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygen saturated composition with a formulation of 74% In, 18% O2, and 8% Sn by weight. • It is transparent & colourless in thin layers while in bulk form it is yellowish to grey. In the infrared region of the spectrum it acts as a metal‐like mirror. • Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) Nanopowder ITO 90:10 20‐30nm price guide ~$900‐1,100 per kg Source: Photonics.com
- 50. Corning Glass ‐ a world leader in glass technology • Silica sand ~60‐80% • Boric acid ~5‐20% • Fluxes Soda ash, potash, lithium carbonate. ~5% • Stabilizers ~2% • Other Fining, colouring, oxidising Know‐how 100% Various industrial minerals used to manufacture this amazing glassware
- 52. Corning – a leader in glassware • Corning, Incorporated, with headquarters in Corning, NY has a long history of science‐based innovations in glassware & ceramics. • Although many collectors associate Corning Glass with consumer product brands, such as PYREX, Corningware and Corelle, the company’s core focus has always been on scientific and industrial applications. http://pyrexpassion.com/research.html Corning Inc.
- 53. Apple iPhone 8 ‐ will glass replace aluminium case? • KGI analyst Ming‐Chi Kuo, predicts that the iPhone 8 will replace its aluminum chassis with an all‐glass enclosure. • Flexibility ‐ Innovations & advancements in manufacturing glass that is thinner & stronger than ever would easily allow Apple to develop a new curved iPhone that has strong glass bent around all the right angles.
- 56. The “lotus effect” The lotus effect refers to self‐ cleaning properties that are a result of very high water repellence (superhydrophobicity), as exhibited by the leaves of the lotus flower (Nelumbo).
- 57. Pilkington Activ™ Blue Self‐Cleaning Glass Pilkington Activ™ Blue is an attractive blue glass that combines dual‐action, self‐cleaning properties with medium solar control performance helping to create a cooler internal environment which can be used all year round. The coating has revolutionary photo‐catalytic and hydrophilic properties, and works in two stages: Stage 1 ‐ The coating reacts with natural daylight to break down and loosen organic dirt. Stage 2 ‐ When it rains, instead of forming droplets, the water spreads evenly over the surface of the glass, helping to wash away any dirt and reduce streaking. In a dual‐action process organic dirt is broken down by nano TiO2 particles applied at time of glass manufacture. Source: Company literature
- 59. Key S.E.Asian Sources of Silica Sand for Glass Comments: • Vietnam volumes growing at expense of traditional Australian sources • Governments encouraging adding value e.g. making glass or sodium silicate /specialty silicas such as precipitated silica, colloidal silica & silica gel. New facility
- 62. Glass shaped by additive manufacturing (3D Printing) • Fused‐deposition modelling works by extruding a filament of semi‐molten material (in desktop applications this is usually a thermoplastic) through a mobile nozzle in a pattern controlled by a computer. This builds up whatever object the software is programmed to create. Using glass instead of plastic requires higher temperatures, but the principle is the same. • Dr Neri Oxman and Mr Peter Houk have already used their device to print a range of objects, including optical prisms & decorative vessels. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Source: The Economist
- 63. How self‐cleaning glass works • Self‐cleaning windows were one of the first architectural applications of nanotechnology. • The special hydrophilic coating on Pilkington Activ self‐cleaning glass causes water to sheet off the surface, leaving a clean exterior with minimal spotting or streaking. • Reduces the need for cleaning exterior glazing through a dual‐action coating. • It uses daylight and rain to break down and wash away organic dirt. Source: www.pilkington.com Photo‐catalytic & hydrophilic coating that works in two in two stages The unique dual‐action self‐cleaning coating is located on the external glass pane. It has got photo‐catalytic and hydrophilic properties, and works in two stages: (Stage 1) The coating reacts with natural daylight to break down and loosen organic dirt (Stage 2) When it rains, instead of forming droplets, the water spreads evenly over the surface of the glass, forming a thin film and helping to wash away any dirt and reduce streaks.
- 64. Corning – “A day (in the future) made of glass” (1) http://itechfuture.com/future‐touch‐screen‐technology/ • Photovoltaic glass – high efficiency optically durable • LCD Television glass – large format, ultra thin frameless design • Architectural display glass – pristine surface, electronics enabling, touch sensitive • Architectural surface glass – tough, thermally durable, display enabling • Appliance veneer glass – seamless design, electronics enabling, scratch & resistant • Handheld display glass‐ thin& lightweight, damage resistant, touch sensitive • Automotive display glass‐ streamlined design, advanced functionality • Automotive design glass‐ photosensitive, durable
- 65. Corning – “A day (in the future) made of glass” (2) Video to catch our imagination www.youtube.com/watch?v=X‐GXO_urMow • Large format display glass‐weather resistant, electro‐optics enabling, optically adaptable • All weather surface glass‐display enabling, touch sensitive • Wall format display glass – large scale, seamless design, touch sensitive • Work surface display glass – durable, versatile, application enabling • Electronics ready glass – pristine surface, exceptional optical clarity, interactive • Large pane display glass – high visual impact, multifunctional, interactive • Flexible display glass‐ultra thin, electronically enabling • 3D TV Glass‐vivid & immersive, thin & lightweight, frameless design
- 66. Coatings • Insulating nanoparticles can be applied to substrates using chemical vapour deposition, dip, meniscus, spray, & plasma coating to create a layer bound to the base material. • Nanoparticle coatings can be applied by these methods to achieve a wide variety of performance characteristics, including: • Self‐cleaning • Depolluting • Scratch‐resistant • Anti‐icing &anti‐fogging • Antimicrobial • UV protection • Corrosion‐resistant • Waterproofing
- 67. Self‐cleaning coatings • Self‐cleaning surfaces have become a reality thanks to photocatalytic coatings containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. • These nanoparticles initiate photo‐catalysis, a process by which dirt is broken down by exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays & washed away by rain. • Volatile organic compounds are oxidized into CO2 & water. • Self‐cleaning surfaces are made by: • applying a thin nano‐coating film by vapour deposition • painting on a nano‐coating • integrating nanoparticles into the surface layer of a substrate material
- 68. Solar control glass products • The highest performing, off‐line coated, solar control and low‐emissivity products within the Pilkington Suncool™ range • On‐line environmental control glasses that combine good performance solar control with low‐emissivity such as Pilkington Eclipse Advantage™ and Pilkington Solar‐E™ • Medium performance reflective glasses such as Pilkington Eclipse™ Gold, Pilkington SunShade™ Silver, • Pilkington Reflite™ and High Performance Tints such as Pilkington Arctic Blue™ • Low‐performance, body‐tinted glass in the Pilkington Optifloat™ Tint range • Solar control glass combined with the revolutionary self‐cleaning Pilkington Activ™.
- 70. Major Flat Glass Manufacturers • Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. (Nihon Ita‐Garasu Kabushiki‐gaisha) is a Japanese glass manufacturing company. In 2006 it purchased Pilkington of the United Kingdom. • This makes NSG/Pilkington one of the four largest glass companies in the world alongside another Japanese company • Asahi Glass, • Saint‐Gobain, and • Guardian Industries.
- 71. Pilkington Activ™ nano TiO2 coating • The Pilkington Activ™ coating, located on surface #1 of the glass, works in two stages. • Firstly, it reacts with natural daylight to break down and loosen organic dirt. • Secondly, when it rains, instead of forming droplets, the water spreads evenly over the surface of the glass, forming a thin film and helping to wash any dirt away, preventing the formation of drying spots and streaks, and helping the glass to dry very quickly. • In installations where condensation is a problem, it reduces its visibility and helps it to evaporate more quickly. • The Pilkington Activ™ coating works also on cloudy days and during the night. • During dry spells the glass can be cleaned by simply hosing it down with clean water. Nano coating added here
- 72. Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) CVD is an atmosphere controlled process conducted at elevated temperatures (~1,051° C) in a CVD reactor. During this process, thin‐film coatings are formed as the result of reactions between various gaseous phases & the heated surface of glass substrate within the CVD reactor. Chemistry for CVD Coatings
- 75. Recycling fundamentals • Recycling Fundamentals • If done right, there is no doubt that recycling saves energy & raw materials, & reduces pollution. • As well as trying to recycle more, it is also important to try to recycle better. • As technologies and materials evolve, there is room for improvement & cause for optimism. • In the end, “waste is really a design flaw.”
- 77. Embedded nanoparticles for smart glass devices • Australian researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a method for embedding light‐ emitting nanoparticles into glass without losing any of their unique properties – a major step towards ‘smart glass’ applications such as 3D display screens or remote radiation sensors. • This new “hybrid glass” successfully combines the properties of these special luminescent (or light‐ emitting) nanoparticles with the well‐known aspects of glass, such as transparency and the ability to be processed into various shapes including very fine optical fibres. • The research, in collaboration with Macquarie University & University of Melbourne. Source: Journal Advanced Optical Materials
- 79. R&D for the future of glass • Special coatings for buildings: Smart mirrors & highly insulating glass windows for photosensitive, switchable or electrochromic glazing • Anti‐reflection properties & technologies for clean energy generation • Strength: If glass of any type were available at 50 times its current strength, new products & opportunities could emerge in the market place, like ultra thin & light container glass & lighter flat glass & fibreglass for composites. Some applications already make glass stronger by 2 to 6 times • Functional integration in glass that can then become an ideal substrate for OLED lighting, touch screens, audio‐visual displays, etc. • Bendable glass, scratch resistance, audio glass, thinner glass • Improved recycling of all glass types for energy savings & sustainability