1. GROUP MEMBERS.
Meela Upendo .J.
Aldo Mwapinga .G.
Mlay Francis .G.
THE INTEGRATION OF FISH AND DUCKS
FARMING

2. INTRODUCTION
Integrated aquaculture is the concurrent or
sequential linkage between two or more farm
activities, of which at least one is aquaculture.
OR
Is a combination of aquatic organisms (e.g. fish
culture) with other forms of agriculture such as
poultry, piggery, duck rearing, cattle and goat
rearing, in such a way that some of the byproduct
of this forms of agriculture that are considered as
wastes can still be recycled for either direct or
indirect consumption by fish.

3. INTROD
CONT………..
Integration systems- refer to the production,
integrated management and comprehensive use
of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an
emphasis on aquaculture.

4. INTRODUCTION CONT…….
Advantages of integrating fish and
ducks
Raising ducks over fishponds fits
very well with the fish polyculture
system, as the ducks are highly
compatible with cultivated fishes.
The system is advantageous to
farmers in many ways:

5. ADVANTAGES CONT……
1. Ducks fertilize the pond by their droppings when
given free range over the pond surface. Ducks
have been termed as manuring machines for their
efficient and labor-saving method of pond
manuring, resulting in complete savings on pond
fertilizer and supplementary fish feed which
accounts for 60 percent of the total cost in
conventional fish culture.

6. ADVANTAGES CONT………
2. Ducks keep water plants in check.
3. Ducks loosen the pond bottom with their
dabbling and help in release of nutrients from
the soil, which increase pond productivity.
4. Ducks aerate the water while swimming;
thus, they have been called «biological
aerators.»

7. ADVANTAGES CONT……
5.Duck houses are constructed on pond dikes;
hence, no additional land is required for
duckery activities.
6. Ducks get most of their total feed
requirements from the pond in the form of
aquatic weeds, insects, larvae, earthworms,
etc. They need very little feed, and farmers
normally give kitchen wastes, molasses and
rice bran, for the purpose.

8. WHY INTEGRATION
 To increase the productivity of water, land
and associated resources while contributing
to increased food fish production.

9. DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
1. Raising large groups of ducks in open water
The ducks are generally let loose to allow free ranching
in rivers, lakes and reservoirs during the day but are
kept in pens at night. This method is advantageous to
the large water body for promoting fish production. It
also reduces inputs of animals and plant feeds. This
method can be considered as an integrated
management model for large water body
development. But for those fish farms using fish
ponds, this method of integration cannot effectively
utilize the duck manure and the unconsumed or
spilled feeds.

10. DESIGN CONT……..
2. Raising ducks on pond shore
Relatively large duck pen is constructed on flat areas of
pond shore with appropriate cemented area for dry and
wet run. The duck manure and spilled feeds are flushed
daily into the wet run. The dry and wet runs are being
cleaned once a day. During cleaning, the sluice of the wet
run is opened to allow organic manure being washed into
the fish pond through a manure ditch. After this, the sluice
is closed and fresh water is filled in the wet run. This
method has the advantages for centralized management
of fish-cum-duck farming and sharing of common facilities
but is unable to fully utilize unconsumed feeds and
undigested feed-stuff in duck manure as well as unable to
take advantage of the “symbiotic” relationship of duck and
fish.

11. DESIGN CONT………..
Layout of the duck-fishpond
system

12. DESIGN CONT………
3. Raising ducks on surface of fish pond
This is the most uncommon method of integrated fish-cum-duck
farming. The dikes of growout or two year old fingerling pond are
partially fenced to form the dry run and part of the water area in
the pond or the corner of the pond is fenced with used netting
material to form the wet run. The ducks are hence reared at the
surface of the pond. To economize the use of netting materials,
the net-pen is installed 40–50 cm above and below water surface.
In this way, fish can enter the wet run for food. In large-sized
pond, a small “island” is constructed at the center of the pond for
installation of feeding facilities. The stocking density currently
practiced in China is higher than that practiced in other countries,
averaging 4.5 individual/sq.m. of pen area including the dry run
and 3–4 individual/sq.m. of wet run.

13. GENERAL DESINATION OF THE SYSTEM

14. ducks on surface of fish pond

15. FISH AND DUCKS STOCKING DENSITY
FISH AND DUCKS STOCKING DENSITY
Ducks are stocked at 200-300 ducklings/ha of
fish pond. From duck excreta annual manure
production is 45-55 kg/duck/yr, which
besides fertilizing the fishponds and can be
directly utilized as fish food. Apart from this,
10-20% feed/day/duck is wasted which is
utilized in ponds. Duck dropping contains
81% moisture and 0.91% N and 0.38%
P2O5.

17. STOKING DENSITY CONT…
For culturing fish with ducks, it is advisable to release fish
fingerlings of more than 10 cm size; otherwise the ducks
may feed on the fingerlings. The stocking density of
fingerlings also depends on the size of pond and number
of ducks released in it. As the nitrogen-rich duck manure
enhances both phyto- and zooplankton production,
phytoplankton-feeding silver carp and zooplankton-
feeding catla and common carp are ideal for duck-fish
culture. The fish rearing period is generally kept as one
year and under a stocking density of 20,000/ha, a fish
production of 3,000-4,000 kg/ha/year has been obtained
in duck-fish culture. In addition to this, eggs and duck-
meat are also obtained in good quantity on an annual
basis.

18. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
In duck farming along with fish the following management practices are to be followed:
 Construction of duck house.
 Selection of duck for farming.
 Numbers of duck to be farmed.
 Housing of ducks.
 Feeding of ducks.
 Egg laying management.
 Health care.
 Production

19. MANAGEMENT CONT…..
1. Construction of duck house.
Since duck remains in the fish pond for the
whole day therefore, there is no need of a big
house for night shelter. Any unutilized house
of fish farm can easily be converted to a duck
house as night shelter. A low cost house can
be constructed over the pond water surface
or on the pond embankment using locally
available materials like- bamboo, wood, etc.

20. MANAGEMENT CONT….
Characteristics of a ducks house
Duck house should be made on the pond dyke or over the pond
surface with the help of locally available material such as
bamboo cane, thatches etc.
In case of duck house over the pond surface, a small bamboo
bridge is constructed from the duck house for feeding the
ducks as well as for collecting eggs and duck from the house.
Another bridge is constructed from the duck house to the
pond surface for helping the ducks ascend or descend to
pond water.
Again duck house should be well ventilated for air circulation and
exposed to direct sunlight. Periphery of the pond should be
fenced for protection of ducks.
Ducks are kept in duck house providing about 0.3-0.5 m2/bird.
Again one male duck should be kept in every 5-6 female
ducks. Ducklet especially up to 3-4 weeks old are very
susceptible to disease, hence, care should be taken within
this period.

21. MANAGEMENT CONT…….
House of duck over the pond water surface
can be constructed in 2 ways-
1. Fixed house: Here in this system the duck
house is constructed over the pond water
surface using some wooden or bamboo
made poles. The house in this system
remains in the same place as it cannot move
as mentioned in case of a moving house. So
the duck droppings are falls into the pond
water in the same place. So it suitable for
small pond.

22. MANAGEMENT CONT……
Whole size of the floor should be around
5cm2.
-Each duck require 0.3-0.5m2 space for
comfortable stay.
-height of the house should be around 2.5m.
.Well circulation of air in the ducks house
.The house should remains dry for the whole
farmed period.

23. CONT…….
From the house there should be arrangement,
like- bridge (may be of bamboo or wooden
made), for entry and exit of ducks into the
pond.
Along the periphery of the fish farm there
should be fencing to prevent the outgoing of
the ducks from the fish farms. -

24. CONT…………
2.Moving house:
Floating duck house over the pond water surface
is constructed using mobile oil barrels or tyres of
heavy vehicles as float. There is a hole in the
floor of the house and because of this hole the
duck droppings are directly fall into the pond
water. Again because of floats the house move
from one place to another, which helps in
manuring the pond uniformly. Therefore, it is
suitable for large ponds.

25. CONT………….
Selection of duck for farming.
Ducks for farming with fish are selected based
on the following criteria-
1. Its disease resistant capacity.
2. Faster growth.
3. High egg laying capacity, etc.

26. HOUSING OF DUCKS
3- 4 months aged ducklings are introduced into
the duck house after 1 month of stocking the
pond with fish seed. They are brought to the
duck house after giving all prophylactic
treatments against viral an bacterial
diseases of ducks and after disinfecting the
duck house and the materials that are going
to use in the duckery practices. But this
ducklings are not allowed the free range in
the pond water till the cultured fish attain a
fingerling size or 10- 15 cm in length.

27. FEEDING MANAGEMENT
Ducks get their most of their required food from
the pond but that is not enough. Therefore,
they are to be fed with balanced
supplementary feed. In market no special
food is available for ducks. A mixture of any
standard balanced poultry feed along with
good quality rice bran in the ratio of 1:2 by
weight can be fed to the ducks at the rate of
100 gm/ day/ duck in 2 times i.e. morning and
evening hours of a day. They can be fed at
the duck house or at the pond embankment

28. EGG LAYING MANAGEMENT.
Duck start laying eggs when they become 7
months old. Each duck lay about 90- 100
numbers of eggs in every year. They lay
eggs from the late night to about 9 a.m. So
they are allowed to go into the ponds after 9
a.m. For laying eggs they need nest.
Therefore, some nest made of bamboo or
wood or with tin is provided in the duck
house by keeping some straw or hay inside
the nest.

29. YIELD
From the integration of duck-cum- fish culture
from a pond of 1ha water spread area in 1
year 450- 500 kg. Fish, 3000- 3300 number
of duck eggs and 30- 35 kgs duck meat can
be produced.

31. CONCLUSION
Therefore, duck raised in fish ponds reduces the demand for protein
in duck feeds. This direct fertilization of the pond has two merits:
first, there is no loss in the availability of manure; second, direct
fertilization is more homogeneous and avoids any heaping of
duck dropping. For these reasons, raising ducks on fish ponds
promotes fish growth, increases fish yields and eliminates
pollution problems that might be caused by excreta in a duck pen.
Fish-duck integration also promotes the recycling of nutrients in the
pond ecosystem. In shallow areas, a duck dips its head to the
pond bottom and turns the silt to search for benthos. By virtue of
this digging action, nutritional elements deposited in the pond
humus will be released. Ducks also act as pond aerators. Their
swimming, playing, and chasing disturb the surface of the pond
and aerate the water.