Health care service

Mr. Melvin Jacob
MSc Nursing
111-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

INTRODUCTION
• Healthcare is a big, complex industry with a
simple definition: people in this field work to
help people get healthy…and stay that way.
• There are the doctors, nurses, and assistants
who work with patients to diagnose and treat
health issues, and often provide preventative
care to help patients maintain good health.

DEFINITION
The act of taking preventative or necessary
medical procedures to improve a person's well-being.
This may be done with surgery, the administering of
medicine, or other alterations in a person's lifestyle.
These services are typically offered through a health
care system made up of hospitals and physicians.

HEALTHPROMOTION AND PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE

HEALTH PROMOTION
• At the beginning of the 20th century, a new
concept, the concept of health promotion
began to take shape.
• It is the process of enabling people to
increase control over and to improve health.

DEFINITION
Health promotion is the process of
enabling people to increase control over and
to improve health.” It is not directed against
any particular disease, but is intended to
strengthen the host through a variety of
approaches (interventions).

GOALS OF HEALTH PROMOTION
• To create environments that allow all the
ability to access all needed services.
• To equip with the skills to determine their own
health needs.

INTERVENTION AREA IN HEALTH
PROMOTION
HEALTH
EDUCATION
ENVIORNMENTAL
MODIFICATION
LIFESTYLE &
BEHAVIORAL
CHANGES
NUTRITIONAL
INTERVENTIONS

1. HEALTH EDUCATION
• This is one of the most cost-effective interventions
• A large number of diseases could be prevented with
little or no medical intervention
• The targets of educational efforts may include the
general public, patients, priority groups, health
providers, community leaders and decision-makers.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION
• Many infectious diseases have been successfully
controlled by environmental modifications
• provision of safe water; installation of sanitary
latrines; control of insects and rodents; improvement
of housing

3. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS
• These comprise food distribution and
nutritional improvement of vulnerable
groups: child feeding programmes, food
fortification; nutritional education, etc

4. LIFE STYLE AND
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES
• The action of prevention in this case, is one
of individual and community responsibility
for health.
• The efforts are directed towards
discouraging from adopting harmful
lifestyles

INTRODUCTION
• With increasing recognition of the failure of
existing health services to provide health care,
alternative ideas and methods to provide health
care have been considered and tried.
• The concept of primary health care came into
limelight in 1978 following an international
conference in Alma-Ata, USSR

DEFINITION
Primary health care is the essential health
care made universally accessible to individuals
and acceptable to them, through their full
participation and at a cost the community and
the country can afford.

PURPOSE
• Increase in life expectation.
• Improvement in nutritional status.
• Provision of basic sanitation.
• Development of manpower and other
resources

Elements of primary health care
The Alma-Ata conference outlined 8 essential
components of primary health care.
1. Education concerning prevailing health
problems and the methods of preventing and
controlling them.
2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic
sanitation.

4. Maternal and child health care, including
family planning.
5. Immunization against major infectious
diseases.
6. Prevention and control of locally endemic
diseases.
7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases
and injuries.
8. Provision of essential drugs

PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
PRINCIPLES
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
INTER SECTORAL
COORDINATION
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

1. Equitable distribution
• The first key principle in the primary health
care strategy is equity or equitable
distribution of health services.
• Must be shared equally by all irrespective of
their ability to pay
• Concentrated in the major towns and cities
resulting in inequality cont…

• Failure to reach the majority
• Primary health care aims to redress this
imbalance & bring these services as near
people’s homes as possible.

2. Community participation
• The overall responsibility of the central and state
governments, individuals, families, and
communities
• Universal coverage cannot be achieved without the
involvement of the local community
• Continuous effort to secure meaningful
involvement of the community in the planning,
implementation and maintenance of health services

3. Inter sectoral coordination

There is an increasing realization of the fact
that the components of primary health care cannot be
provided by the health sector alone
• Agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry,
education, housing, public works communication and
other sectors
• This requires strong political will to translate values
into action

4. Appropriate technology
Appropriate technology has been defined as
“technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to
local needs, and acceptable to those who apply it and
for those for whom it is used, and that can be
maintained by the people themselves in keeping with
the principle of self reliance with the resources the
community and the country can afford”

ROLE OF NURSES IN PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
 Assessing the health status of individuals and
communities.
 Health Education
 Food Supply And Proper Nutrition
 Water supply and basic sanitation.
 Maternal and Child Health Care including Family
Planning.

 Immunization
 Treatments of Minor ailments.
 Mobilizing community involvement.
 Providing integrated health care including the
treatment of emergencies and making referrals

DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
• The word diagnosis comes directly from the
Greek, but the meaning has been changed.
• Diagnosis -- "discrimination, a distinguishing,
or a discerning between two possibilities."

Importance of diagnosis
• To know the outcome (prognosis) of the disease
• Management of the case
• To know whether the disease is curable
• To decide the line of treatment
• To prescribe medicine
• To select the potency medicine
• To evaluate new symptoms
• To prevent spread of infection

Early diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis aims at reducing the
proportion of patients who are diagnosed at
late stage. There are three steps to early
diagnosis. Barriers exist during each of these
three steps, and interventions are needed to
address delays in care.

REHABILITATION & CONTINUING CARE
• Rehabilitation is the processes intended to
enable people with disabilities to reach and
maintain optimal physical, sensory, intellectual,
psychological and/or social function.
• Medical care, physical, psychological, speech,
and occupational therapy and support services.

• Injuries and trauma- Burns, fractures, brain injury, spinal cord
injuries, Stroke
• Major surgery, Severe infections
• Side effects from medical treatments, such as from cancer
treatments
• Certain birth defects and genetic disorders
• Developmental disabilities
• Chronic pain- back and neck pain

Health care service

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