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Tendances et concentrations de
compétences dans les nanotechs

          Stéphane Lhuillery
           ICN Business School
                    &
          BETA (UMR-CNRS 7522)
A fine tuning S&T policy?

Innovation capabilities are usually
  localized, heterogeneous and unidentified.

 Usual innovation policies are misshapen
Innovation capabilities are
      localized, heterogeneous and
               unidentified
                   •   Centralized  Decentralized
                   •   Top down  Bottom up
It is the end of   •   Homogenous  Differentiated
usual innovation
                   •   R&D  Innovation
policies
                   •   Elitist  Democratic
                   •   Competition  Complementarity
The new challenge =
Indicators for a “Smart specialization” policy
Requirements:
• Characterize the different environments
• Identify the opportunities for innovation in each milieu
  or combination of milieux
• Stimulate and help the emergence and reinforcement of
  innovation strategies by the local actors

                                  Think Tank - Minnovarc, 1 ère session – 13
                                  mai 2011 : « Il n'existe pas de vision
                                  statistique des microtechniques ni en
        HOW?                      Suisse, ni en France, ni en Europe, les
                                  expériences personnelles de terrain et la
                                  diversité de celles-ci parmi les participants
                                  sont donc fondamentales pour mieux cerner
                                  et comprendre cette richesse collective ».
Based on 2 reports
Systematic with parsimonious data
Two sources
• Scientific articles
• Patent data
Outline
1. Nanoscience in France
2. Nanotech in Switzerland
   and France
3. Conclusions
1. Nano Science and its networks
                      in FRANCE
Based on SCOPUS data

Début de la requête globale :
 (TITLE-ABS-KEY("/clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("al2o3 composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("amorphous alloy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("atom* force
microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("atomistic simulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ball milling") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("biomolecular templat*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("block copolymer*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("bucky tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon composite*") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("carbon electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon fiber*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("chemical force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical vapor") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("co oxidation") OR TITLE-
ABS- KEY("coating* deposited") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coating* produced") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite powder*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("composite*
coating*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite* prepared") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coulomb blockad*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("Coulomb staircase*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("crystal morphology") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystal* memory") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystalline diamond") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystalline silicon") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("delivery system") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("diamond film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("diamond like carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("direct electrochemistry") OR
TITLE-ABS- KEY("directed assembl*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dna cmos") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug carrier?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug delivery") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("drug release") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye sensitized solar cell") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye solar") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("dye tio2") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("electrochemical performance") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrode modified") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("electron beam writing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electron
energy loss spectroscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrostatic force microscopy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("emission propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("energy
dispersive X ray") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("enhanced raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emission") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emitter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("film*
deposit*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("finite difference time domain method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("functionally coated surface?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gel method")
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gene delivery") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold catalyst*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold electrode") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("gold particle*") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("grain growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("graphitic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("growth from solutions") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("heterogeneous catalys*")
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("hydrogen storage material*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("induced deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion
implantation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("langmuir?blodgett") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser ablation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("li
batter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("lipid particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("low dimensional system*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetic fluid") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("magnetization reversal") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical alloy*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical resonator*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic carbon") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic glass") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("microstructural evolution") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified
glassy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified virus") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* devic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* engineer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul*
manufactur*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* motor*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* ruler*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* wir*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("molecular beacon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular electronic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular
manipulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular templates") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecule channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "sol gel*") ………………………………….
Nanoscience clusters in France
Specialised nanoscience clusters
International science…
6 types of scientific clusters
Six modèles se distinguent au sein de la nanoscience. Si
   nous les classons par leur poids dans le système
   français de nanoscience, nous avons :

- Le modèle académique national ( classe « fourre-tout »
   avec Paris, Toulouse ou Marseille )
 - Le modèle industrialisé localisé (Grenoble)
 - Le modèle industrialisé historique ( Lacq, Bernay )
 - Le modèle internationalisé (Strasbourg)
 - Le modèle dual (Sophia-Antipolis)
 - Le modèle autarcique (Besançon).
2. Nanotech and its
        network
• Based on PATENT DATA (PATSTAT)
Number of
    inventions
      per city
1978-1993
                                             70 patent families


                                             30 patent families


                                             15 patent families

                                              5 patent family


                                      1994-2006




                 20 patent families


                 10 patent families

                 5 patent families

                 1 patent family
Evolution des spécialisation en
nanotechnologie pour la Suisse
                                 electronic
                                 0.35
                                 0.30

                                 0.25
                                 0.20

                                 0.15
  materiaux                      0.10                    optoelectronic

                                 0.05

                                 0.00



                                                                          1994-2003
                                                                          1984-1993



           manufacturier                      medicine



  Source des données : PATSTAT
Les liens entre co-inventeurs suisses, 1978-2006




           Source des données : PATSTAT
           Nœuds : quantité de familles de brevets par pays
           Liens : quantité de co-dépôts supérieure à 0.
Les pays des co-inventeurs pour les brevets, 1978-2006




                Source des données : PATSTAT
                Nœuds : quantité de familles de brevets par pays
                Liens : quantité de co-dépôts supérieure à 10.
Clusters nano
Specialized technological clusters
Technological networks
3 classes de clusters nano
• Clusters nanobio
• Clusters nanomateriaux
• Clusters nanoélectroniques
Clusters nanomatériaux

Deux types de clusters historiques autour des
- Les clusters nanomatériaux nationaux (Lacq-
   Pau, Compiègne ou Bernay-Caen)
- Les clusters nanomatériaux internationalisés
   qui regroupent les clusters historiques tels
   que Saint-Fons, Avignon ou Mulhouse.
L’appartenance de Metz-Thionville à l’un ou
   l’autre de ces deux types de clusters reste
   à déterminer.
Clusters nanoélectroniques

- Le modèle nanoélectronique imbriqué
  (Grenoble)
- Le modèle nanoélectronique dual
  (Nice-Sophia-Antipolis ! Marseille ?)
- Le modèle nanoélectronique flottant
  (Besançon!, Lannion?)
Les clusters de nanobio
- Les nanobiotech autocentrées : clusters de grande
taille et industrialisées avec de nombreux brevets triadiques, lien OPR-
    industries mais brevets rarement académiques.
Ex: Paris et Lyon

- Le modèle nanobiotech internationalisé : produit une
    connaissance académique et des inventions dans des processus
    internationaux.
Ex: Strasbourg

- Le modèle nanobiotech national est un modèle basé sur un réseau
    non plus international, mais national de collaborateurs avec une
    forte présence académique et qui débouche sur des inventions
    déposées au niveau triadique.
Ex: Bordeaux
3. Conclusions
Insights from articles and patents
  On knowledge
  • High Tech vs Low Tech
  • High Science vs Low Science
  • Industrial based, PRO based
  • Anchor tenant or not
  • Specialised vs diversified (broad categories)

  On openess
  • Openness vs autarky
  • Openess: science-industry integration
  • Openess: local, national, international
  • Networking (centrality…)
On knowledge & competencies
         • Fine grain specialization in science or technologies
         • Core-inventions vs Side-inventions
         • Entry in a new field (if not already identified)
         • Complementary technological assets
         • Complementary not-technological assets
         On actors
         • Start-ups and entrepreneurship
         • Business groups and affiliates
Limits   • Schools and Training
         • Leadership and activism
         • S&T policies ( local, national, EU level)
         On attractivity
         • Accessibility (Airport, Fast Speed Train)
         • Amenities (Opera, bilingual schools …)
         Dynamique
         • Emergences,
         • Trajectoires
         • Mutations?
Thank you
Requete Scopus (fusion requetes connues)
 La requête globale
  (TITLE-ABS-KEY("/clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("al2o3 composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("amorphous alloy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("atom* force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("atomistic simulation") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("ball milling") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("biomolecular templat*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("block copolymer*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("bucky tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon
composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon fiber*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical force microscop*") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical vapor") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("co oxidation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("coating* deposited") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coating* produced") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("composite powder*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("composite* coating*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite* prepared") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coulomb blockad*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("Coulomb staircase*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("crystal morphology") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystal* memory") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystalline diamond") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystalline silicon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("delivery system") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("diamond
film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("diamond like carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("direct electrochemistry") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("directed assembl*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dna cmos") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug carrier?") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("drug delivery") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug release") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye sensitized solar cell") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye solar") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("dye tio2") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrochemical
performance") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrode modified") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("electron beam writing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electron energy loss spectroscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrostatic force microscopy") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("emission propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("energy dispersive X ray") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("enhanced raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emission") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emitter*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("film* deposit*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("finite difference time domain method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("functionally coated surface?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gel method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gene delivery") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("gold catalyst*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold electrode") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("gold particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("grain growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("graphitic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("growth from
solutions") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("heterogeneous catalys*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("hydrogen storage material*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("induced deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion
implantation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("langmuir?blodgett") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser ablation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("li batter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("lipid particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("low dimensional system*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetic fluid") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetization reversal") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical alloy*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical resonator*") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("metallic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic glass") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("microstructural evolution") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified glassy") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("modified virus") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* devic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* engineer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* manufactur*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* motor*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("molecul* ruler*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* wir*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beacon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular electronic*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("molecular manipulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular templates") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecule channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*"
"molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("multi layer*" dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("near field
microscop*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("oligomeric silsesquioxane") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("pdms stamp*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plasma chemical") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("plasma sintering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plastic
deformation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plga particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("poly methacrylate") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("polymer composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("porous carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("positional assembly")
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("primordial protein*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum device?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum dot*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum effect*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum rings") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("quantum well*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("quantum wire*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quasi crystal*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("raman scattering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("resonance light") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning electron
microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("scanning probe microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning tunnel*" "microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assemb*" "surface
modification") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self assembl*" "cell therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "co
polymer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "extracellular matrix") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "mono layer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "multi layer*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "tissue
engineering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "tissue repair") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" array*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" biochip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" biolog*) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("self assembl*" cellseeding) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" copolymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" dot*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*"
immunosensor) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" layer*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self assembl*" mater*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" molecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" monolayer*) OR TITLE- ABS-
KEY("self assembl*" multilayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" polymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" quantum*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" supramolecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembly")
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" "co polymer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" "mono layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(" self organiz* " " multi layer*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self organiz*" array*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self
organiz*" biolog*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" copolymer*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("self organiz*" film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" mater*) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("self organiz*" molecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" monolayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" multilayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" polymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*"
quantum*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" supramolecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organized growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("semiconducting carbon") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("semiconducting material*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY("semiconductor structure*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("sensitized solar") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("sensitized tio2") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("severe plastic") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("silicate composite*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("single
carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("single electron*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("single molecul*") OR TITLE-ABS-          155 KEY("single?molecule") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("site specific" "gene therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("situ
polymerization") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("soft lithograph*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("soft magnetic material*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("sol* method*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("solar cell*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("solid lipid") OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY("spark plasma") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("supramolecular chemistry") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface chemistry") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface enhanced Raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Surface modification" "layer by
layer") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Surface modification" "molecular layer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface plasmon?") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("thin film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tio2 film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("transmission electron
microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("tribological propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tube* modified") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tunnel* microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("ultraviolet lithography") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("vapor
deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("walled carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("X ray photoelectron*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("zinc compound*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(*nano*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(a61k009 51) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(afm)
OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(array* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "solgel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* dendrimer*) OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY(atomic layer?) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(b82b*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g02*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g03*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g06*) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g11*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biochip a61*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(biochip c12q*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biochip g01n*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g02*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(biomolecule* g03*) OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g06*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g11*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(biopolymer* g02*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biopolymer* g03*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biopolymer* g06*) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(biopolymer* g11*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biosensor?) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(buckytub*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(carbontub*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(chemisorption) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(conjugate "drug targeting") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(conjugate "gene therapy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(edx) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(eels) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(electrospinning) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation "drug targeting") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation "gene
therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation virus) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* dendrimer*)
OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(film* solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(fulleren*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(g01n013*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(g12b021) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(hrtem) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized dna) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(immobilized oligonucleotide) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(immobilized polynucleotide) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized primer) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized template) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(immunosensor based) OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY(lab chip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(mbe) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(mesoporous) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(microstructure) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer g03g*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer h01j*) OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(monolayer* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(monolayer* dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer*
solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(montmorillonite) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(multilayer* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-
KEY(multilayer* "surface modification") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nems) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm "scanning tunneling microscop*") OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm chip*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm cluster*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm crystal*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm deposition) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm device*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm diameter) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm
dimensional) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm electron*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm engineering) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm grain*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm material*) OR
TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm order) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm powder*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm range) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm scale) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm silicon) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm size*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm surface*) OR
TITLE-ABS- KEY(organized "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "cell therapy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(organized "extracellular matrix") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized
"tissue engineering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "tissue repair") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized biochip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized biocompat*bility) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized blood compat*bility) OR TITLE-
ABS-KEY(organized bloodcompat*bility) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized cellseeding) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(organized immunosensor*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organoclay) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(particles "drug targeting") OR
TITLE-ABS- KEY(particles "gene therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "blood compat*bility") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell
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Trends and concentrations of skills in nanotechnologies

  • 1. Tendances et concentrations de compétences dans les nanotechs Stéphane Lhuillery ICN Business School & BETA (UMR-CNRS 7522)
  • 2. A fine tuning S&T policy? Innovation capabilities are usually localized, heterogeneous and unidentified.  Usual innovation policies are misshapen
  • 3. Innovation capabilities are localized, heterogeneous and unidentified • Centralized  Decentralized • Top down  Bottom up It is the end of • Homogenous  Differentiated usual innovation • R&D  Innovation policies • Elitist  Democratic • Competition  Complementarity
  • 4. The new challenge = Indicators for a “Smart specialization” policy Requirements: • Characterize the different environments • Identify the opportunities for innovation in each milieu or combination of milieux • Stimulate and help the emergence and reinforcement of innovation strategies by the local actors Think Tank - Minnovarc, 1 ère session – 13 mai 2011 : « Il n'existe pas de vision statistique des microtechniques ni en HOW? Suisse, ni en France, ni en Europe, les expériences personnelles de terrain et la diversité de celles-ci parmi les participants sont donc fondamentales pour mieux cerner et comprendre cette richesse collective ».
  • 5. Based on 2 reports
  • 6. Systematic with parsimonious data Two sources • Scientific articles • Patent data
  • 7. Outline 1. Nanoscience in France 2. Nanotech in Switzerland and France 3. Conclusions
  • 8. 1. Nano Science and its networks in FRANCE Based on SCOPUS data Début de la requête globale : (TITLE-ABS-KEY("/clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("al2o3 composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("amorphous alloy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("atom* force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("atomistic simulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ball milling") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("biomolecular templat*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("block copolymer*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("bucky tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon composite*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("carbon electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon fiber*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon tub*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("chemical force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical vapor") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("co oxidation") OR TITLE- ABS- KEY("coating* deposited") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coating* produced") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite powder*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("composite* coating*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite* prepared") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coulomb blockad*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("Coulomb staircase*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystal morphology") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystal* memory") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystalline diamond") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystalline silicon") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("delivery system") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("diamond film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("diamond like carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("direct electrochemistry") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("directed assembl*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dna cmos") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug carrier?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug delivery") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("drug release") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye sensitized solar cell") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye solar") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("dye tio2") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("electrochemical performance") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrode modified") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("electron beam writing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electron energy loss spectroscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrostatic force microscopy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("emission propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("energy dispersive X ray") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("enhanced raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emission") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emitter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("film* deposit*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("finite difference time domain method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("functionally coated surface?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gel method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gene delivery") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold catalyst*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold electrode") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("gold particle*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("grain growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("graphitic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("growth from solutions") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("heterogeneous catalys*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("hydrogen storage material*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("induced deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion implantation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("langmuir?blodgett") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser ablation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("li batter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("lipid particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("low dimensional system*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetic fluid") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("magnetization reversal") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical alloy*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical resonator*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic glass") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("microstructural evolution") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified glassy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified virus") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* devic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* engineer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* manufactur*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* motor*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* ruler*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* wir*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecular beacon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular electronic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular manipulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular templates") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecule channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "sol gel*") ………………………………….
  • 12. 6 types of scientific clusters Six modèles se distinguent au sein de la nanoscience. Si nous les classons par leur poids dans le système français de nanoscience, nous avons : - Le modèle académique national ( classe « fourre-tout » avec Paris, Toulouse ou Marseille ) - Le modèle industrialisé localisé (Grenoble) - Le modèle industrialisé historique ( Lacq, Bernay ) - Le modèle internationalisé (Strasbourg) - Le modèle dual (Sophia-Antipolis) - Le modèle autarcique (Besançon).
  • 13. 2. Nanotech and its network • Based on PATENT DATA (PATSTAT)
  • 14. Number of inventions per city 1978-1993 70 patent families 30 patent families 15 patent families 5 patent family 1994-2006 20 patent families 10 patent families 5 patent families 1 patent family
  • 15. Evolution des spécialisation en nanotechnologie pour la Suisse electronic 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 materiaux 0.10 optoelectronic 0.05 0.00 1994-2003 1984-1993 manufacturier medicine Source des données : PATSTAT
  • 16. Les liens entre co-inventeurs suisses, 1978-2006 Source des données : PATSTAT Nœuds : quantité de familles de brevets par pays Liens : quantité de co-dépôts supérieure à 0.
  • 17. Les pays des co-inventeurs pour les brevets, 1978-2006 Source des données : PATSTAT Nœuds : quantité de familles de brevets par pays Liens : quantité de co-dépôts supérieure à 10.
  • 21. 3 classes de clusters nano • Clusters nanobio • Clusters nanomateriaux • Clusters nanoélectroniques
  • 22. Clusters nanomatériaux Deux types de clusters historiques autour des - Les clusters nanomatériaux nationaux (Lacq- Pau, Compiègne ou Bernay-Caen) - Les clusters nanomatériaux internationalisés qui regroupent les clusters historiques tels que Saint-Fons, Avignon ou Mulhouse. L’appartenance de Metz-Thionville à l’un ou l’autre de ces deux types de clusters reste à déterminer.
  • 23. Clusters nanoélectroniques - Le modèle nanoélectronique imbriqué (Grenoble) - Le modèle nanoélectronique dual (Nice-Sophia-Antipolis ! Marseille ?) - Le modèle nanoélectronique flottant (Besançon!, Lannion?)
  • 24. Les clusters de nanobio - Les nanobiotech autocentrées : clusters de grande taille et industrialisées avec de nombreux brevets triadiques, lien OPR- industries mais brevets rarement académiques. Ex: Paris et Lyon - Le modèle nanobiotech internationalisé : produit une connaissance académique et des inventions dans des processus internationaux. Ex: Strasbourg - Le modèle nanobiotech national est un modèle basé sur un réseau non plus international, mais national de collaborateurs avec une forte présence académique et qui débouche sur des inventions déposées au niveau triadique. Ex: Bordeaux
  • 26. Insights from articles and patents On knowledge • High Tech vs Low Tech • High Science vs Low Science • Industrial based, PRO based • Anchor tenant or not • Specialised vs diversified (broad categories) On openess • Openness vs autarky • Openess: science-industry integration • Openess: local, national, international • Networking (centrality…)
  • 27. On knowledge & competencies • Fine grain specialization in science or technologies • Core-inventions vs Side-inventions • Entry in a new field (if not already identified) • Complementary technological assets • Complementary not-technological assets On actors • Start-ups and entrepreneurship • Business groups and affiliates Limits • Schools and Training • Leadership and activism • S&T policies ( local, national, EU level) On attractivity • Accessibility (Airport, Fast Speed Train) • Amenities (Opera, bilingual schools …) Dynamique • Emergences, • Trajectoires • Mutations?
  • 29. Requete Scopus (fusion requetes connues) La requête globale (TITLE-ABS-KEY("/clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("al2o3 composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("amorphous alloy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("atom* force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("atomistic simulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ball milling") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("biomolecular templat*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("block copolymer*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("bucky tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon fiber*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("carbon tub*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("chemical vapor") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("clay composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("co oxidation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("coating* deposited") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coating* produced") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("composite powder*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("composite* coating*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("composite* prepared") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("coulomb blockad*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("Coulomb staircase*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystal morphology") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystal* memory") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("crystalline diamond") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("crystalline silicon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("delivery system") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("diamond film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("diamond like carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("direct electrochemistry") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("directed assembl*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dna cmos") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug carrier?") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("drug delivery") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("drug release") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye sensitized solar cell") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("dye solar") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("dye tio2") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrochemical performance") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrode modified") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("electron beam writing") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electron energy loss spectroscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("electrostatic force microscopy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("emission propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("energy dispersive X ray") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("enhanced raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emission") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("field emitter*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("film* deposit*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("finite difference time domain method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("functionally coated surface?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gel method") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gene delivery") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("gold catalyst*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("gold electrode") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("gold particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("grain growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("graphitic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("growth from solutions") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("heterogeneous catalys*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("hydrogen storage material*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("induced deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("ion implantation") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("langmuir?blodgett") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser ablation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("laser deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("li batter*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("lipid particle*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("low dimensional system*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetic fluid") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("magnetization reversal") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical alloy*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mechanical resonator*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("metallic carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("metallic glass") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("microstructural evolution") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified electrode") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("modified glassy") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("modified virus") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* devic*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* engineer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* manufactur*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* motor*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecul* ruler*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecul* wir*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beacon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular beam epitaxy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular electronic*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("molecular manipulation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecular templates") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("molecule channels") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("mono layer*" solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("multi layer*" dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("multi layer*" solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("near field microscop*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("oligomeric silsesquioxane") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("pdms stamp*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plasma chemical") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("plasma sintering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plastic deformation") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("plga particle*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("poly methacrylate") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("polymer composite*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("porous carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("positional assembly") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("primordial protein*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum device?") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum dot*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum effect*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quantum rings") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("quantum well*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("quantum wire*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("quasi crystal*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("raman scattering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("resonance light") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning electron microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning force microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("scanning probe microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("scanning tunnel*" "microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assemb*" "surface modification") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self assembl*" "cell therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "co polymer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "extracellular matrix") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "mono layer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "multi layer*") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "tissue engineering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" "tissue repair") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" array*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" biochip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" biolog*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self assembl*" cellseeding) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" copolymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" dot*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" immunosensor) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" layer*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self assembl*" mater*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" molecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" monolayer*) OR TITLE- ABS- KEY("self assembl*" multilayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" polymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" quantum*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembl*" supramolecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self assembly") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" "co polymer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" "mono layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(" self organiz* " " multi layer*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self organiz*" array*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" biolog*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" copolymer*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("self organiz*" film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" mater*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("self organiz*" molecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" monolayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" multilayer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" polymer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" quantum*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organiz*" supramolecul*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("self organized growth") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("semiconducting carbon") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("semiconducting material*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("semiconductor structure*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("sensitized solar") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("sensitized tio2") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("severe plastic") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("silicate composite*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("single carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("single electron*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("single molecul*") OR TITLE-ABS- 155 KEY("single?molecule") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("site specific" "gene therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("situ polymerization") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("soft lithograph*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("soft magnetic material*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("sol* method*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("solar cell*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("solid lipid") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY("spark plasma") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("supramolecular chemistry") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface chemistry") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface enhanced Raman") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Surface modification" "layer by layer") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("Surface modification" "molecular layer*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("surface plasmon?") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("thin film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tio2 film*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("transmission electron microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("tribological propert*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tube* modified") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("tunnel* microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY("ultraviolet lithography") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("vapor deposition") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("walled carbon") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("X ray photoelectron*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY("zinc compound*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(*nano*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(a61k009 51) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(afm) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(array* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* "solgel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(array* dendrimer*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(atomic layer?) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(b82b*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g02*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g03*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g06*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(bacteriorhodopsin g11*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biochip a61*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(biochip c12q*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biochip g01n*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g02*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(biomolecule* g03*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g06*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biomolecule* g11*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(biopolymer* g02*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biopolymer* g03*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biopolymer* g06*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(biopolymer* g11*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(biosensor?) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(buckytub*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(carbontub*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(chemisorption) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(conjugate "drug targeting") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(conjugate "gene therapy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(edx) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(eels) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(electrospinning) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation "drug targeting") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation "gene therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(encapsulation virus) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(film* dendrimer*) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(film* solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(fulleren*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(g01n013*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(g12b021) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(hrtem) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized dna) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(immobilized oligonucleotide) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(immobilized polynucleotide) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized primer) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(immobilized template) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(immunosensor based) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(lab chip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(mbe) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(mesoporous) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(microstructure) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer g03g*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer h01j*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(monolayer* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(monolayer* dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(monolayer* solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(montmorillonite) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(multilayer* "molecular sieve*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* "molecular simul*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* "sol gel*") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(multilayer* "surface modification") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* dendrimer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(multilayer* solgel*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nems) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm "scanning tunneling microscop*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm chip*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm cluster*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm crystal*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm deposition) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm device*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm diameter) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm dimensional) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm electron*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm engineering) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm film*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm grain*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm layer*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm material*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm order) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm powder*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm range) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm scale) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm silicon) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm size*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(nm surface*) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(organized "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "cell therapy") OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(organized "extracellular matrix") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "tissue engineering") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized "tissue repair") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized biochip) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized biocompat*bility) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized blood compat*bility) OR TITLE- ABS-KEY(organized bloodcompat*bility) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organized cellseeding) OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(organized immunosensor*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(organoclay) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(particles "drug targeting") OR TITLE-ABS- KEY(particles "gene therapy") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "blood compat*bility") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell adhesion") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell seeding") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(pattern* "cell