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A SCHEMA FOR THE CONSERVATION OF TUBE-HOUSES (HANOI, VIETNAM) Presented by NGO Minh Hung and WONG Yunn Chii Department of Architecture- National University of Singapore CONSERVATION IN CHANGING SOCIETIES: heritage and development International conference: an event organized of the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (1976-2006) LUEVEN: Section I- 24 may 2006

Background and Importance of the research Hanoi city (the Ancient quarter)- unique 1000 years old city (2010) of Vietnam As Hanoian descendant, our responsibility is to preserve, develop “ the Spirit” of the Quarter for the future/ next generation This research was identified components (tube-houses, its inner society) creating the “spirit” of the quarter to partly rehabilitate a miniature of Hanoi city Thang Long cultural heritage and Hanoian - elegant (Trang An) people The tube-houses: form the primary fabric with its unique heritage and features

Presentation Outline 1. Maps and Location 2. Introduction 3. History of tube-house development and its typology 4. Architectural space features 5. Schema and “Inside-to-Outside” intervention (layer1) 6. Participating Partners (layer 2,3,4) 7. Conclusion

Population density, over-loaded urban infrastructure, environmental problems  the precinct remains unique (its ancient streets and commercial life). Hanoi (Thang Long/ Soaring Dragon) is political and socio-economic center ,[object Object],HPC has issued strict measures, regulations on building renovation  not successful (the complexities of the administrative processes) introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

ANCIENT QUARTER in 1925 Source: Pierre Clement & Nathalie Lancret, 2003 (Hanoi, Chu ky cua nhung thay doi) introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

Frontages: 2-4m; Depths: 50-60m. One or two storey in height Its extraordinary narrow typology can be traced to the traditional rural house Urbanization: intensification of the house fronts as market stalls, taking advantage of the street. ,[object Object],Its development (RIA 1998) Colonial period: the French introduced two storey buildings. The ponds were quickly filled in, while the kitchens and toilets were pushed further and deeper into the site, producing the characteristic narrow “tube-like” effect, label “tube-houses” Ta Hien Street (HAQMD 2005) introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

Shop  Living room  Courtyard  Room for rent  Bedroom  Room for eldest son or a teacher  Courtyard  Kitchen  Toilet. ,[object Object],Variations of vernacular architecture; one family- the owner of the shop-front State-owned tube-houses, the living spaces are shared by several families Privately-owned tube-houses, the living quarters are occupied by extended families ,[object Object],Ground floor of tube-house, Hang Can street Section, Hang Can Street (Rose 2003)  Courtyard  Altar  Living room  Courtyard  Kitchen  Toilet Shop introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

[object Object],Inside To Outside Businessmen, Developer (layer 4) Market creator, goods distributor, 2 years taxes exemption Family (layer 1) Land-use right owner Resettlement residential projects Local businessman, good public service BOTTOM Local Authority (layer 2) Database management Guideline maker QOL improvement Economic development Typology conservation TOP Tech. Consultants (layer 3) Tube-house, social lives restoration Design and international cooperation Third PARTY Family role, responsibility: a “wish- list” of buildings areas. Layer 1: Tube-house conservation by Families’ nuclei HH type and size: establishing a balance. Participation in the Conservation and Re-building Processes: Family involvement, equity, labor and financial capacity. Maintenance process and business management: by HHs under an agreed upon set of guidelines. introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

[object Object],Layer 2: Local Authority Complexities of top-down” process of decision-making The Authority: a mediator of policies and actions after due consultations with the communities to serve as arbitrator of contesting interests; to document conservation procedures; to support families’ basic requirements. Layer 3: Technical Consultants Their roles: to assist the various communities in articulating the broad strategies of the conservation undertaking, to make a working list of tube-houses to be conserved (based on urgency and significance), to design the supporting physical infrastructure; and to manage the human resources and the construction stages introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

Thank you ! This proposed schema for a layered approach to conservation of the tube-houses is premised upon the value of retaining as much of the extant population in it – and by extension, their respective traditional trades. This layered “ inside-to-outside ” approach is intended to enhance community participation while stabilizing the tube-house typology. Conclusion Market pressures , real estate speculations, the demographic pattern of new migrations into the urban areas and the economic opportunities have threatened to erase the uniqueness and features of the Quarter . New business investments connected to traditional activities: should be encouraged (long, short-term) in the front shops. Local authority and the community: develop policies that give preferences to socially responsible investments. Layer 4: Businessmen & Developers Re-design and re-tooling of old trades would play a pivotal role introduction History of tube-house and typology Architectural space features Schema – “Inside to Outside” Partners Conclusion

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