7. ï‚ž Lies in the roof of
the oral cavity
ï‚ž Has two parts:
• Hard (bony)
palate
anteriorly
• Soft (muscular)
palate
posteriorly
hard
soft palate
8. ï‚ž Attached to the posterior
border of the hard palate
ï‚ž Covered on its upper and
lower surfaces by
mucous membrane
ï‚ž Composed of:
• Muscle fibers
• An aponeurosis
• Lymphoid tissue
• Glands
• Blood vessels
• Nerves
9. ï‚ž Fibrous sheath
ï‚ž Attached to posterior
border of hard
palate
ï‚ž Is expanded tendon
of tensor velli
palatini
ï‚ž Gives origin &
insertion to palatine
muscles
10. ï‚žTensor veli palatini
• Origin: spine of sphenoid;
auditory tube
• Insertion: forms palatine
aponeurosis
• Action: Tenses soft palate
16. ï‚žMostly by the
maxillary nerve
through its
branches:
• Greater palatine
nerve
• Lesser palatine nerve
• Nasopalatine nerve
ï‚žGlossopharyngeal
nerve supplies the
region of the soft
palate
17. ï‚žAll the muscles, except tensor veli
palatini, are supplied by the:
•Pharyngeal plexus
ï‚žTensor veli palatini supplied by the:
• Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of
the mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve
18. ï‚žBranches of the maxillary
artery
• Greater palatine
• Lesser palatine
• Sphenopalatine
ï‚žAscending palatine,
branch of the facial
artery
ï‚žAscending pharyngeal,
branch of the external
carotid artery
21. The lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal
aponeurosis aggregates in some areas
forming tonsils:
1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil
2- two palatine tonsils
3- two lingual tonsils
22.
23. Location
 The palatine tonsil is an ovoid
mass of lymphoid tissue
 Tonsillar fossa in lateral wall of
oropharynx
24.
25. Boundaries of tonsillar fossa
 Anterior pillar- Palatoglossal arch
 Posterior pillar- Palatopharyngeal
arch
 Apex- Soft palate where both arches
meet
 Base – Dorsal surface of posterior
one – third of tongue
27.  Stratified squamous non keratinising
epithelium
 Dips into the crypts
 The crypts are 12-15 in number
 crypta magna
 It represents the ventral part of second
pharyngeal pouch
External features-Medial surface
28.  Fibrous capsule of the tonsil
 Loose areolar tissue
 The tonsillar bed
External features-Lateral surface
29. Superior constrictor muscle
Styloglossus muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve
styloid process (if enlarged)
Facial artery
Medial pterygoid muscle
Angle of mandible
Submandibular salivary gland
Tonsillar bed
33. The tonsil is supplied by 5 arteries:
Tonsillar branch of facial artery (main supply)
Ascending palatine branch of facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Dorsal linguae branch of lingual artery
Descending palatine branch of maxillary artery
Arterial supply
36.  Lymphatics from the tonsil
pierce the superior
constrictor and
 Drain into the upper
cervical lymph nodes
especially jugulodigastric
(tonsillar)
lymph node
Lymphatic drainage