Histology of Female reproductive system-II

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
UTERUS
MAMMARY GLAND
PLACENTA
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Department of Anatomy

8. Menstrual cycle
• Menstrual phase 1-4 days
• Oestrogenic/proliferative/f
ollicular phase
• 4-14 days
• Progesterone/secretive/
progravid phase
10-12 days
• Ischemic part of secretive
phase 2 days

9. Basic structure -uterus
• Outer layer – serous
– perimetrium
• Middle layer – muscular
layer
– myometrium
– External longitudinal
– Middle circular + blood
vessels
– Internal longitudinal
• Mucous membrane
– endometrium

10. Endometrium
• Stratum functional
– Shows changes during
menstrual cycle
• Stratum compactum
• Stratum spongiosum
• Stratum basal
– No changes during
menstrual cycle
– Regeneration of
functional layer

11. Mucous membrane/endometrium
• Epithelium
– Columnar ciliated before puberty
– Simple columnar non ciliated in adult
• Lamina propria
– Endometrial stroma
– Embryonic connective tissue
• Mesenchymal cells
• Blood vessels
– Coiled arteries supplies stratum
functional
– Straight arteries supplies stratum basal
• Long tubular glands lined by columnar
cells

12. Estrogenic/Proliferative phase
• 2-3mm thick
• Surface epithelium
– Columnar
• Lining cells of glands
– Piled up due to proliferation
• Secretions
– Water and scanty
• Glands in functional layer
– Narrow and straight
• Stroma
– Star shaped mesenchymal cells +
reticular fibers

14. Endometrium in progesterone/secretory phase
• 4-6 mm thick
• Surface cells and glandular
cells
– Accumulation glycogen
– Glands tortuous and
sacculated
• Stroma
– Large stromal cells
– High content of glycogen
– Tissue fluid in stroma
(edema)

15. Mammary gland
• Branched tubule alveolar gland
• Develop from epidermis
• Develop at puberty in female

16. Nipple
• Stratified epithelium
• Fibrous stroma
• Lactiferous ducts
• Lined by stratified
epithelium

18. Inactive gland
• Parenchyma sparse
• Duct elements dominates
• Ducts surrounded by loose
connective tissue
• Interlobular connective
tissue appears dense
• Alveoli appears as cell
clusters
• Adipose tissue

19. Mammary gland during pregnancy
• Duct elements become
prominent
• Alveolar elements
become conspicuous
• Distinct alveoli are seen
• Alveoli lined by simple
cuboidal/ columnar cells
• Connective tissue around
alveoli is loose

20. Lactating mammary gland
• Large number of alveoli
• Well defined septa
separates the lobules
• Ducts
• Alveoli lined by cuboidal
cells
• Connective tissue
elements less

21. Lactating mammary gland

22. Myoepithelial cells

24. Placenta
• Discoid organ
• Exchange of material
between mother and
fetus
• Fetal surface covered with
amnion
• Chorionic plate
• Chorionic villi

26. Placenta
• Chorionic plate
– Thick connective tissue
– Blood vessels from
umbilical
• Structurally placenta
shows
– Villi of different sizes
– Anchoring villi
– Free villi
– Inter villous space
• Maternal surface
– Decidual cells

27. Structure of a villi
• Chorionic villi
– External
syncytotrophoblast
– Internal cytotrophoblast
– Mesoderm with blood
vessels
– Hofbauer cells
(phagocyte) in the CT
• Inter villus space with
maternal blood

35. • Draw a labeled diagram
showing the microscopic
features of placenta.
Mention its functions.
• Draw a labeled diagram
shoving the structure of
lobe of mammary gland.
Discuss the histological
changes during pregnancy
and lactation
• Draw the histological
features of uterus.
• Name the different layers
of wall of uterus
• What is stratum
functionale. Discuss the
cyclic changes during
menstrual cycle.