Simple Carbon Chemistry

1. Chemistry Chapter 4 - Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds 

2. Did you know that the Earth’s crust is less than 1% carbon, but...ALL living things on Earth are made of carbon-containing compounds.

3. Carbon can bond easily and therefore, forms many compounds. An element that often bonds with carbon is Hydrogen.

4. Organic Compounds? 4

5. many compounds that contain carbon 5

6. Most living things contain carbon. 6

7. Hydrocarbons? 7

8. A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon. 8

9. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane. 9

11. If you remove one hydrogen from a methane molecule, the result will be a methyl group, -CH3. 11

13. The methyl group can form a single bond with another methyl group, which makes..... 13

14. ....Ethane

15. Saturated Hydrocarbons? 15

16. A hydrocarbon molecule in which all the bonds are single bonds. 16

17. But what are the saturated with? 17

18. But what are the saturated with? Hydrogen!! The carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen. 18

19. Saturated Hydrocarbons

21. Notice that the ending of each name are -ane. Another name for these hydrocarbons are called alkanes.

22. 21

23. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low boiling points, so they evaporate and burn easily. 21

24. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low boiling points, so they evaporate and burn easily. •That makes them a good fuel for your stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns. 21

25. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low boiling points, so they evaporate and burn easily. •That makes them a good fuel for your stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns. •Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and waxes. 21

26. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low boiling points, so they evaporate and burn easily. •That makes them a good fuel for your stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns. •Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and waxes. •Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s of carbon atoms. WOW! 21

27. •These short hydrocarbon chains have low boiling points, so they evaporate and burn easily. •That makes them a good fuel for your stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns. •Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and waxes. •Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s of carbon atoms. WOW! •These long chains make up many of the plastics that you use. 21

28. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons? 22

29. Hydrocarbons that contain double or triple bonds. The carbon are not saturated with hydrogens. 23

30. In a double bond, two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, and in a triple bond, 3 pairs of electrons are shared. 24

31. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Ethene is the simplest hydrocarbon.

32. ethene propene butene C2H4 C3H6 C4H8

33. ethene propene butene C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 Notice that the endings are -ene. These unsaturated hydrocarbons are also called alkenes.

35. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also have triple bonds.

36. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also have triple bonds. ethyne C2H2

37. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also have triple bonds. ethyne C2H2 propyne C3H4

38. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also have triple bonds. ethyne C2H2 propyne C3H4 butyne C4H6

39. Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also have triple bonds. Ethyne is used for welding because it produces high heat as it burns. The unsaturated hydrocarbons are called alkynes.

40. Isomers? 30

41. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements are called isomers. 31

42. The atoms in an organic compounds can have different arrangements but still have the same molecular formula. 32

43. Isomers H H H

44. Hydrocarbons in Rings Some molecules contain rings. The carbon atoms of hexane bond together to form a closed ring containing six carbons. Each carbon atom still has four bonds.

45. Hydrocarbons in Rings The preﬁx cyclo- in their names tells you that the molecules are cyclic, or ring shaped. Ring structures can contain one or more double bonds.

46. Hydrocarbons in Rings Ring structures are not uncommon in chemical compounds. Many natural substances such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose are ring structures.

47. Naming Hydrocarbons This word tells how many carbon atoms are ROOT found in the longest continuous carbon WORDS chain in the compound.

48. Naming Hydrocarbons This word tells how many carbon atoms are ROOT found in the longest continuous carbon WORDS chain in the compound. Carbon Root Atoms Word 1 meth 2 eth 3 prop 4 but 5 pent 6 hex 7 hept 8 oct 9 non 10 dec

63. Naming Hydrocarbons The suffix (at end of word) indicates the SUFFIXES kind of covalent bonds joining the compound’s carbon atoms.

64. Naming Hydrocarbons The suffix (at end of word) indicates the SUFFIXES kind of covalent bonds joining the compound’s carbon atoms. Bond Suffix single -ane double -ene triple -yne

71. Naming Hydrocarbons The preﬁx of the name for an organic PREFIXES compound describes how the carbon atoms in the compound are arranged.

72. Naming Hydrocarbons The preﬁx of the name for an organic PREFIXES compound describes how the carbon atoms in the compound are arranged. Arrangement Preﬁx circle cyclo- same chemical formula, but iso- different arrangement

Simple Carbon Chemistry

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