1. From Fine-dust Binder CMA
to Traffic Bans
Actions for Air Quality Improvement
in Klagenfurt, Austria
Wolfgang Hafner
City of Klagenfurt, Dep. Environment Protection
Barcelona, 18.06.2010
1

2. Klagenfurt

3. 93.000 inhabitants
160.000 daily population
120 km2
Capital of province of Carinthia
trade and school center of the region
3

4. PM 10 Daily mean 22 – 32 g/m3
Samstag, 12. 11. 2005
4

5. Fine Dust (PM 10 ) in Klagenfurt
Temperatur
cold
calm
~ 700 -
dry 1000 m
Daily mean
PM [ g/m³]
100
Hot spots 77 µg/m3
75
Urban background
50
Regional background
5

6. Fine Dust (PM10)
Nov 03 – April 04
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
Koschatstr.
60.0 Völkermarkter Str.
Welzenegg
40.0
Neuer Platz
20.0 St.Veiter Str.
0.0
01.11.2003
01.12.2003
01.01.2004
01.02.2004
01.03.2004
01.04.2004
6

7. EU-Project
KAPA GS
www.kapags.at
2004 - 2007
7

8. Annual mean PM10 2005
8

9. Sources apportionment PM 10 –
Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)
traffic exhaust
10%
traffic
non-exhaust
22%
background
52%
residential
heating
10%
agriculture
industry
0%
6%

10. KAPA GS – results and measures
1st generation • 2nd generation

11. 8 electronic environmental indicator boards
example: Ebenthaler Straße

12. Park & Ride West & Ost
(2 parking lots and shuttle service)
• all over the year
• Mo-Fr 06.20–20.00 h,
Sa -13.00
• every 20 min.
• free of charge

13. Car-free day 22.09.2006

14. Traffic ban of inner city road
14

15. 15

16. Reduction of domestic heating emissions,
617 municipal apartments, effects on AM PM10

17. CMA-trial 2006/2007
start:
25.11.06
end:
07.02.07
Calcium-Magnesium-Acetate is applied as a 25% solution

18. ratio PM10 / NOx in Klagenfurt
0.45
2004/05
0.40 2005/06
without CMA
0.35 2006/07
with CMA
ratio delta PM10/delta NOx
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10 - 18 % PM10
0.05
0.00
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

19. Result:
15-31%
PM10-reduction
19

20. LIFEplus-Project CMA+
PM10 reduction by the application of
liquid Calcium-Magnesium Acetate
(CMA) in the Austrian an Italian cities
Klagenfurt, Bruneck and Lienz

21. Objectives of CMA+
• Development and demonstration of a standard
methodology for the application of CMA as fine
dust binder in winter, for dust bindung in
summer and as de-icing agent
• Dosage, time and frequency have to be
clarified as well as issues of traffic safety.

22. CMA as Finedust binder
• CMA = Calcium-Magnesium-
Acetate, 25%-solution
• CMA is a deicing agent up to
-16°C
• CMA is hardly corrosive,
biodegradable and harmless
to plants and water

24. Traffic Safety
frictiontests in driving center – ÖAMTC
Expert opinion on liability – ÖAMTC
Investigation of accidents, driving
behaviour, potential of conflicts and public
opinion poll - KfV
GripTester
on test roads (TU Vienna)
Friction tests
in the lab (ACCT)

25. 2 km testroads in Klagenfurt as of
October 2009
Völkermarkter Straße
Enzenbergstraße
Rudolfsbahngürtel

27. Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Results-Klagenfurt
PM10 Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2010)
100 50
CMA
90 Rudolfsbahn 45
80 Koschatstr. 40
70 35
60 30
µg/m³
[kg/d]
50 25
40 20
30 15
20 10
10 5
0 0
01.01.2010
08.01.2010
15.01.2010
22.01.2010
29.01.2010
05.02.2010
12.02.2010
19.02.2010
26.02.2010
05.03.2010
12.03.2010
19.03.2010
26.03.2010
02.04.2010
09.04.2010
16.04.2010
23.04.2010
Gerhard
Namen Bachler
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 27

28. Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Results-Klagenfurt
delta PM10/delta NOx Daily Mean Values (Jan.-Apr. 2010)
1 50
Rudolfsbahn
0.9 45
CMA
0.8 40
0.7 35
0.6 30
[kg/d]
0.5 25
0.4 20
0.3 15
0.2 10
0.1 5
0 0
01.01.2010
08.01.2010
15.01.2010
22.01.2010
29.01.2010
05.02.2010
12.02.2010
19.02.2010
26.02.2010
05.03.2010
12.03.2010
19.03.2010
26.03.2010
02.04.2010
Gerhard
Namen Bachler
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 28

29. Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik
Fachbereich Verkehr und Umwelt
Summary
A comparison between daily mean values w/o CMA
application(Jan.-Apr. 2010) at both test sections in
Klagenfurt showed:
Lower delta PM10/delta NOx ratio at
Völkermarkterstrasse and Rudolfsbahngürtel
Reduction potential (Völkermarkterstrasse)
~20% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)
Reduction potential (Rudolfsbahngürtel)
~30% on PM10 traffic (exhaust & non exhaust)
Gerhard
Namen Bachler
CMA+ (EU-Life) Graz, 10.06.2010 29

30. CMA

31. Summer trials in Klagenfurt -
Druckerweg
PM10 - Reduction 3 x 30 g/m2
appr. 50%

32. Aerea without CMA
Aerea with CMA

33. laboratory
• Roadsimulator – Schweden, VTI
• Friction tests – ACCT, Wien

34. 50 km/h, ”dry” CMA-treated surface
Number of wheel passages after road simulator start
0 10,000 20,000 30,000
3
2
PM10 TEOM (mg m-3)
”Dry” CMA effect?
1
0
0 1 2 3
Time after road simulator start (h)

35. PM10 results, CMA and RH effect

36. PM10 results, RH effect

37. A dry CMA-treated surface compared to a
dry clean surface
1.2
dM/dlogDp
0.8
0.4
0
0.6 0.7 0.80.9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 10

38. CMA – current results
• Significant PM10-reduktion by CMA at kerb side
(30% daily / 20% monthly / 10% annual mean)
• 10 g/m2 is sufficient
• No influence on traffic safety
• Frequency of application still unclear: depends on
traffic flow, humidity and temperature ?
• Deicing effect is very good, but only preventiv
• Very good reduction on unpaved roads (at least -
50%), but with higher dosage of 100 g/m2, every 2 –
4 week

39. International Congress
Innovative Winter Service for Finedust reduction
first results from
– 30.September 2010, 9-18 Uhr
presentations by national and international experts
– 1.October 2010, 9-13 Uhr
Workshop for practicioners

40. PM 10 - JMW
45
GW ab 2005 in A und EU
40
35
30
St.Andrä
25 Wolfsberg
µg/m3
Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
20
Zell-Ebenthal
15
10
5
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
40

41. PM10 - Anzahl der Tage pro Jahr mitthe daily mean limit value
Number of days exceeding Grenzwertüberschreitungen
90
Limit value for PM10:
50 g/m3
80 Daily mean
70
35 exceedances
allowed per year in EU
Anzahl der Tage > 50 µg/m3
60 30 in A as of 2005
50
25 in A as of 2010 St.Andrä
Wolfsberg
Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
40 Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
Zell-Ebenthal
30
20
10
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
41

42. 42

43. EU-Project „PM inter“
Interregional interaction of measures to reduce
domestic fuels and traffic in Klagenfurt, South Styria
and Maribor
• Programme: INTERREG IV Slowenien-Österreich
• Duration: 01.01.2010 - 31.12.2012
• 7 Partner: Klagenfurt, Marburg, Kärnten,
Steiermark, TU Graz, Gesundheitsinstitut und Uni
Marburg
• Clarification of high PM10-background polllution in
Carinthia, Styria and Slovenia foccusing on
domestic fuels
43

44. NO2 - JMW
50
45
Limit 2005 in A, ab 2010 in EU
40
35 A-limit 2010
30 A-limit 2012
St.Andrä
Wolfsberg
µg/m3
25 Klagenfurt-Koschatstr.
Klagenfurt-Völkermarkterstr.
20 Zell-Ebenthal
15
10
5
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
44

45. NO2- Annual mean value 2005
45

46. Sources apportionment NOx –
Völkermarkter Str. (hot spot, traffic)
HDV
10%
public transport
19%
passenger cars
42% domestic fuels
7%
Industy
6%
background
16%
46

47. NO2-Reduction by new Buses +
traffic flow reduction in inner city
47

48. Air Quality Action Plan for Klagenfurt
20 measures with 245 actions
(PM10 and NO2)
CMA-Application
Park & Ride West and East
Efficient charging system for parking
Cheaper monthly tickets for public tranport (21 € instead of 35 €)
Refurbishment of 2400 municipal apartments (district heating instead of
single stoves)
• Extension of districheating by new NG-power plant ?
• Renewal of busfleet Euro 5, EEV-Standard (CNG ?)
Traffic ban of inner city roads ?
Environmental zones ?
• Priority for public transport (e.g. bus lanes) ?
• Additional park & ride systems in north and South ?
further EU-Projects, e.g. PMinter (domestic fuels), REZIPE & CEMOBIL
(E-mobilität)
Public relations 48

49. Conclusion from the point of view
of Klagenfurt
• EU-limits for NO2 and PM10 / PM2.5 can be
achieved by
– Finedust binder (CMA)
– Reduction of domestic fuels by extension of domestic
heating network
– Renewal of public busfleet
– Stop for traffic increase (efficient parking fee system,
priority for public transport, walking and cycling)
• Austrian limit values (35 / 30 µg/m3 NO2, 25
exceedance days for PM10) are not achieveable
at hot spot

50. E-mobility
2 EU-projects
REZIPE: Renewable Energies for Zero Emission
Transport in Europe
CEMOBIL: CO2-neutral Electromobility for the
reduction of PM10, NO2 and CO2 in Klagenfurt
50

51. Lienz
30.9.-
www.feinstaubfrei.at 1.10.2010
www.life-spas.at
www.life-cma.at
wolfgang.hafner@klagenfurt.at
51