In 2010 I finished a two year ethnographic study of that aimed at understanding how the digitization of rare texts is changing scholars’ work and in turn how it is changing their relationship with the library. I will present some highlights from the findings of that research and discuss more recent research to understand the future of libraries by understanding communities of users. In other words, what can we learn from Tibetan Buddhists, the Parakuyo Maasai, and the CTOs of our top technology companies about how to build the library of the future? This presentation was the 2013 Breslauer Lecture at UCLA GSEIS.