What is item analysis in psychological test construction? What are the techniques could be used in doing it? (Lecture slides mostly in English)

1. PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
ITEM ANALYSIS
SEMESTER GASAL 2015/2016
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA
KULIAH VI & VII - 18 & 25 SEPTEMBER 2015

2. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
(ITEM) TEST
REVISION
(ITEM) TEST
TRYOUT
(ITEM) TEST
CONCEPTUALIZATION
(ITEM) TEST DEVELOPMENT
2
(ITEM) TEST
CONSTRUCTION
(ITEM) TEST
ANALYSIS
(Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009, p. 245-246)ICON CREDITS: Idea by Lorenzo Alfano, Construction by Creative Stall,
Flask by Cornelius Danger, Calculator by Creative Stall,
Bandage by misirlou; from the Noun Project

3. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
(ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Item analysis is a general term
for a set of methods used to evaluate test items;
Item analysis is a term broadly used to define
the computation and examination of any statistical property
of examinees’ responses to an individual item.
3
(Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2013, p. 170;
Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 311)
ICON CREDITS: Calculator by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project

4. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
ANALYSIS OF THE ITEM
SHOULD BE DONE
THROUGH THESE
METHODS.
(ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
4
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
ICON CREDITS: Calculator by Creative Stall, Conversations by Gregory Radek,
Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project

5. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUALITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Qualitative item analysis is a general term for
various nonstatistical procedures designed to explore
how individual test items work.
The analysis compares individual test items to
each other and to the test as a whole.
In contrast to statistically based procedures,
qualitative methods involve exploration of the issues
through verbal means such as interviews and group discussions
conducted with testtakers and other relevant parties.
5
(Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009, p. 277)
ICON CREDIT: Conversations by Gregory Radek; from the Noun Project

6. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
“THINK ALOUD” EXPERT PANELS
QUALITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
6
ICON CREDITS: Conversations by Gregory Radek, Smoke by Petr Papasov,
Glasses by Anton Anuchin; from the Noun Project

7. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
…designed to shed light on
the testtaker’s thought
processes during the
administration of a test.
…to have feedbacks from the
experts about the item
content.
“THINK ALOUD” EXPERT PANELS
QUALITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
6
(Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009, p. 278-279)ICON CREDITS: Conversations by Gregory Radek, Smoke by Petr Papasov,
Glasses by Anton Anuchin; from the Noun Project

8. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
(Quantitative) Item analysis is a term broadly used
to define the computation and examination
of any statistical property
of examinees’ responses to an individual item.
7
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 311)
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project

9. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
ITEM DISCRIMINATION ITEM DIFFICULTY
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
8
ICON CREDITS: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski, Zoom by Ryan Canning,
Check Mark by Patrizia Daidone, Trial and Error by Arthur Shlain; from the Noun Project
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS

10. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Item discrimination refers to
the degree to which an item differentiates correctly
among test takers in the behavior
that the test os designed to measure.
9
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Anastasi & Urbina, 1997, p. 179)

11. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
10
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 314)

12. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
10
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 314)
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S001 0 0 1 1 1 34
S002 1 1 1 1 0 43
S003 0 1 1 0 1 32
S098 0 0 1 1 1 40
S099 0 1 0 1 1 33
S100 1 0 1 0 0 36

13. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
11
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 314)
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
pu 0,778 0,778 0,556 0,704 0,704
pl 0,519 0,667 0,593 0,556 0,519
D 0,259 0,111 -0,037 0,548 0,185

14. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
11
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 314)
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
pu 0,778 0,778 0,556 0,704 0,704
pl 0,519 0,667 0,593 0,556 0,519
D 0,259 0,111 -0,037 0,548 0,185
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

15. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
11
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 314)
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
pu 0,778 0,778 0,556 0,704 0,704
pl 0,519 0,667 0,593 0,556 0,519
D 0,259 0,111 -0,037 0,548 0,185
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

16. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
12
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
D = pu - pl
INTERPRETATION
D ≥ ,40 functioning quite satisfactory
,30 ≤ D ≤ ,39 little/no revised is required
,20 ≤ D ≤ ,29 marginal and needs revision
D ≤ ,19 should be eliminated/completely revised

17. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Index of Discrimination (D-Index)
12
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
D = pu - pl
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 315)
INTERPRETATION
D ≥ ,40 functioning quite satisfactory
,30 ≤ D ≤ ,39 little/no revised is required
,20 ≤ D ≤ ,29 marginal and needs revision
D ≤ ,19 should be eliminated/completely revised
NO WELL-KNOWN
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
It is not possible to answer questions such as
what D-value is significantly greater than zero,
or how large a difference between D-values is
statistically significant?

18. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
13
ITEM DISCRIMINATION

19. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
13
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S001 0 0 1 1 1 34
S002 1 1 1 1 0 43
S003 0 1 1 0 1 32
S098 0 0 1 1 1 40
S099 0 1 0 1 1 33
S100 1 0 1 0 0 36

20. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
14
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
t 2,006 1,162 0,009 2,374 1,743

21. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
14
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
t 2,006 1,162 0,009 2,374 1,743
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

22. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
14
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S063 1 1 0 1 1 46
S002 1 1 0 1 0 43
S008 1 1 0 1 1 43
S005 0 1 1 1 0 28
S068 0 1 0 0 0 28
S075 0 1 1 0 1 25
t 2,006 1,162 0,009 2,374 1,743
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

23. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
15
ITEM DISCRIMINATION

24. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
15
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S001 4 1 1 3 2 145
S002 2 1 3 4 1 140
S003 1 1 1 4 4 145
S098 5 7 6 6 6 332
S099 4 5 7 4 5 326
S100 7 5 4 4 6 316

25. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
16
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S062 8 7 10 10 9 526
S055 7 8 10 8 10 523
S004 9 10 9 8 9 522
S086 3 3 1 3 2 139
S081 2 2 1 3 1 137
S044 1 1 4 2 1 133
t 2,160 2,406 2,502 2,829 3,016

26. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
16
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S062 8 7 10 10 9 526
S055 7 8 10 8 10 523
S004 9 10 9 8 9 522
S086 3 3 1 3 2 139
S081 2 2 1 3 1 137
S044 1 1 4 2 1 133
t 2,160 2,406 2,502 2,829 3,016
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

27. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
t Test for Two Independent Samples
16
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … TOTAL
S062 8 7 10 10 9 526
S055 7 8 10 8 10 523
S004 9 10 9 8 9 522
S086 3 3 1 3 2 139
S081 2 2 1 3 1 137
S044 1 1 4 2 1 133
t 2,160 2,406 2,502 2,829 3,016
HIGH
GROUP
LOW
GROUP

28. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Correlational Indices
17
ITEM DISCRIMINATION

29. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Correlational Indices
17
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 TOTAL
S001 9 9 1 219
S002 10 9 1 215
S003 9 7 6 195
S004 10 9 5 219
S005 10 10 10 206
S006 10 5 4 172
S007 9 9 4 189
S008 8 8 2 190
S009 9 6 4 158
S010 8 6 4 179
… … … … ...
S100 8 8 3 168

30. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Correlational Indices
18
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 TOTAL SUM 1 SUM 2 SUM 3
S001 9 9 1 219 210 210 218
S002 10 9 1 215 205 206 214
S003 9 7 6 195 186 188 189
S004 10 9 5 219 209 210 214
S005 10 10 10 206 196 196 196
S006 10 5 4 172 162 167 168
S007 9 9 4 189 180 180 185
S008 8 8 2 190 182 182 188
S009 9 6 4 158 149 152 154
S010 8 6 4 179 171 173 175
… … … … ... … … …
S100 8 8 3 168 160 160 165
r 0,337 0,787 -0,187

31. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Correlational Indices
18
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 TOTAL SUM 1 SUM 2 SUM 3
S001 9 9 1 219 210 210 218
S002 10 9 1 215 205 206 214
S003 9 7 6 195 186 188 189
S004 10 9 5 219 209 210 214
S005 10 10 10 206 196 196 196
S006 10 5 4 172 162 167 168
S007 9 9 4 189 180 180 185
S008 8 8 2 190 182 182 188
S009 9 6 4 158 149 152 154
S010 8 6 4 179 171 173 175
… … … … ... … … …
S100 8 8 3 168 160 160 165
r 0,337 0,787 -0,187

32. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
Correlational Indices
19
ITEM DISCRIMINATION
X
CONTINUOUS
‘REAL’
DICHOTOMOUS
‘DUMMY’
DICHOTOMOUS
Y
CONTINUOUS Pearson Point Biserial Biserial
‘REAL’
DICHOTOMOUS Biserial Phi-Coefficient Phi-Coefficient
‘DUMMY’
DICHOTOMOUS Point Biserial Phi-Coefficient Tetrachoric
(Crocker & Algina, 2008, p. 316-319)

33. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
The difficulty of an item
is defined in terms of
the percentage (or proportion) of persons
who answer it correctly.
20
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project
ITEM DIFFICULTY
(Anastasi & Urbina, 1997, p. 173)

34. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
21
ITEM DIFFICULTY
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … ITEM 60
S001 0 0 1 1 1 … 1
S002 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S003 0 1 1 0 1 … 1
S004 1 1 1 0 1 … 1
S005 0 1 1 1 0 … 1
S006 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S007 0 1 1 1 0 … 0
S008 1 1 1 1 1 … 1
S009 1 0 1 0 0 … 1
S010 1 1 1 0 0 … 1
… … … … … … … …
S100 1 0 1 0 0 … 0

35. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
22
ITEM DIFFICULTY
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … ITEM 60
S001 0 0 1 1 1 … 1
S002 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S003 0 1 1 0 1 … 1
S004 1 1 1 0 1 … 1
S005 0 1 1 1 0 … 1
S006 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S007 0 1 1 1 0 … 0
S008 1 1 1 1 1 … 1
S009 1 0 1 0 0 … 1
S010 1 1 1 0 0 … 1
… … … … … … … …
S100 1 0 1 0 0 … 0
f1 61 74 98 45 33 … 86
p 0,610 0,740 0,980 0,450 0,330 … 0,860

36. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
22
ITEM DIFFICULTY
SUBJECT ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 5 … ITEM 60
S001 0 0 1 1 1 … 1
S002 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S003 0 1 1 0 1 … 1
S004 1 1 1 0 1 … 1
S005 0 1 1 1 0 … 1
S006 1 1 1 1 0 … 1
S007 0 1 1 1 0 … 0
S008 1 1 1 1 1 … 1
S009 1 0 1 0 0 … 1
S010 1 1 1 0 0 … 1
… … … … … … … …
S100 1 0 1 0 0 … 0
f1 61 74 98 45 33 … 86
p 0,610 0,740 0,980 0,450 0,330 … 0,860

37. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
However,
the possible effect of guessing
must be taken into account when considering
items of the selected-response variety.
With this type of item,
the optimal average item difficulty is usually
the mid-point between 1,00 and the chance success proportion,
defined as the probability of answering correctly by random guessing.
23
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project
ITEM DIFFICULTY
(Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009, p. 268)

38. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
The quality of each alternative
within a multiple-choice item
can be readily assessed with reference
to the comparative performance
of upper and lower scorers.
No formulas or statistics are necessary here.
24
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS
(Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009, p. 271)

39. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK
QUANTITATIVE (ITEM) TEST ANALYSIS
25
ICON CREDIT: Abacus by Zlatko Najdenovski; from the Noun Project
DISTRACTOR ANALYSIS
a b c d e
U 24 3 2 0 3
L 7 6 7 7 5
ITEM1
a b c d e
U 2 13 3 2 12
L 6 7 5 7 7
ITEM2
a b c d e
U 0 0 32 0 0
L 3 2 22 2 3
ITEM3
a b c d e
U 14 0 0 5 13
L 7 0 0 16 9
ITEM4
* *
**

40. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA © 2015 Ardhiati PDU 303 PSIKOMETRIK 26
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
ANASTASI, A. & URBINA, S. (1997). PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING (7TH ED.). UPPER
SADDLE RIVER, NJ: PRENTICE-HALL, INC.
COHEN, R.J. & SWERDLIK, M.E. (2009). PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND
ASSESSMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO TESTS AND MEASUREMENT (7TH ED.).
BOSTON, MA: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION.
CROCKER, L. & ALGINA, J. (2008). INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL AND
MODERN TEST THEORY. MASON, OH: CENGAGE LEARNING.
KAPLAN, R.M. & SACCUZZO, D.P. (2013). PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING:
PRINCIPLES, APPLICATIONS, AND ISSUES (8TH ED.). BELMONT, CA:
WADSWORTH, CENGAGE LEARNING.