2. A Little About Environmental
SciencesIf we break the word environmental sciences- “Environmental”
related to environmental or our surrounding and “Sciences” that is
the theory and principles that work on it
If we take as a whole it is an interdisciplinary approach to
understand various aspect of environment so as to see upon the
environmental issue and problems
Objective of Studying
Understand concepts of the subject
Understand complexity of ecosystem and how to sustain them
Understand relationship between human and environment
How social and political issue effect environment etc..
3. Topics Covered In Syllabus
Eco-System
Bio diversity
Sustainability And
Environment
Environment impact
assessment and
management system
Introduction of environmental
Law
5. A Brief Of Eco-System
Living organism cant survive in a isolated
environment
They need company of non living
environment for survival
Living Organism-> Human
beings,plants,animals and microorganism
Non living Environment-> air,water,minerals
and soils
6. Characteristics
Vast and complex
Consist of large pool of
resources
Constant exchange of
material and energy
Examples:-Ponds
,lakes,deserts,grasslands,for
ests etc.
9. Forests
• Occupy one third of the Earth's land area
• Forests are divided into three different
layers: the forest floor, the understory and
the canopy
• The forest floor is comprised of soil, dead
plants and animals and small plants such as
grasses.
• The understory contains small trees or
bushes and is also called the shrub layer.
• The canopy is made up of the leaves and
10. Grassland
• Grasslands are areas dominated by grasses and forbs
• have few or no trees.
• Grazing and roaming animals occur in abundance
• They occupy about one quarter of the Earth's land area
• Grasslands are considered the transitional biome.
• This means that they are usually found between deserts an
11. Deserts
Deserts are arid or dry regions and receive less
than 10 inches of rain per year.
Biologically, they contain plants and animals
adapted for survival in arid environments.
Physically they are large areas with a lot of
bare soil and low vegetation cover
The world’s deserts occupy almost one-quarter
of the earth’s land surface
12. Aquatic
Oceans cover approximately 70% of the
earth’s surface
The marine ecosystem, in addition to the
temperate and tropical oceans,
Marine ecosystems support a great diversity
of life and variety of habitats
The ocean is a major influence on weather and
climate.
16. Lithosphere/Geosphere
• If we break the word Geosphere “Geo” means ground and
“Sphere” means area
• The Geosphere is the solid earth that includes the continental
and ocean crust as well the various layers of Earth’s interior
• Coolest and most rigid part of the
• Includes mountains, liquid rock, minerals metal etc.
• 94% of the earth is composed of the elements oxygen, silicon
and magnesium
17. Hydrosphere
• If we break the word Hydrosphere “Hydro” means water and
“Sphere” means area.
• Hydrosphere is made up of all the water on Earth
• Includes ocean,rivers,lakes stream and all other water bodies
• About 97% of the Earth’s water resources is looked-up in the
oceans and seas.
• Two-thirds of the remaining 3% is frozen in glaciers and polar
ice caps.
• Only 1% of the hydrosphere is liquid freshwater, and even most
of this exists as groundwater down in the soil.
18. Atmosphere
• The earth's atmosphere is a very thin layer wrapped
around a very large planet.
• Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and
the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and
radiation.
• Two in particular, carbon dioxide and ozone, can have
a large impact on atmospheric processes.
19. Troposphere
•Lowest layer of atmosphere
•Contains dust particles and water vapour
•Climatic weather condition changes take
places here
•Jet, aeroplanes offer avoid this layer
20. Stratosphere
•Extend unto 50 km
•Ozone layer is present here
•UV radiations of sun are protected
•Cloud are absent and very netlabel dust and
water vapour
21. Mesosphere
• Found between 50-80 km
• The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and
below the thermosphere
• Temperature decreases with height throughout the
mesosphere.
• Characterized by Strong zonal winds, atmospheric tides
etc.
22. Ionosphere
•Found above 80 km
•Has abundance of ions which reflect
radio waves to earth
•Enables wireless communications
•ionized by solar and cosmic radiation
Hinweis der Redaktion
Producers-Which contain chlorophyll
Consumers-which cant produce own food
Decomposers-eat dead body and break down into inorganic substances
